JavaScript isn't enabled in your browser, so this file can't be opened. Enable and reload.

1 of 103

SOMA MAJUMDER�ASSISTANT PROFESSOR�DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY�VIJAYGARH JYOTISH RAY COLLEGE

CCF Sem2:�Units 1- 4: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, DNA

2 of 103

3 of 103

4 of 103

5 of 103

6 of 103

7 of 103

…10

>10 to thousands or more

8 of 103

9 of 103

10 of 103

11 of 103

12 of 103

13 of 103

14 of 103

15 of 103

16 of 103

17 of 103

18 of 103

19 of 103

20 of 103

21 of 103

22 of 103

23 of 103

24 of 103

25 of 103

26 of 103

27 of 103

28 of 103

29 of 103

30 of 103

31 of 103

CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

32 of 103

33 of 103

MONOGLYCERIDE

DIGLYCERIDE

TRIGLYCERIDE

ESTER BOND

34 of 103

35 of 103

36 of 103

Mono-unsaturated Fatty Acids(MUFA)

Poly-unsaturated Fatty Acids(PUFA)

Non-essential fatty acids

Essential fatty acids

37 of 103

fatty acids

Lauric acid

Myristic acid

Palmitic acid

Stearic acid

Oleic acid

Linoleic acid

Arachidonic acid

Conjugated linoleic acid

Gamma linolenic acid

Linolenic acid

EPA, DHA, ALA

38 of 103

39 of 103

40 of 103

41 of 103

42 of 103

43 of 103

44 of 103

45 of 103

46 of 103

CLASSIFICATION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS

47 of 103

48 of 103

49 of 103

CHOLESTEROL

50 of 103

51 of 103

52 of 103

53 of 103

POSITIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHOLESTEROL

54 of 103

55 of 103

56 of 103

57 of 103

58 of 103

59 of 103

60 of 103

61 of 103

62 of 103

63 of 103

64 of 103

65 of 103

66 of 103

67 of 103

68 of 103

69 of 103

70 of 103

71 of 103

72 of 103

73 of 103

74 of 103

75 of 103

76 of 103

77 of 103

78 of 103

79 of 103

80 of 103

81 of 103

82 of 103

83 of 103

84 of 103

85 of 103

86 of 103

87 of 103

88 of 103

89 of 103

90 of 103

91 of 103

92 of 103

Chargaff’s Rule

Erwin Chargaff, a biochemist, discovered that the number of nitrogenous bases in the DNA was present in equal quantities. The amount of A is equal to T, whereas the amount of C is equal to G.

A=T; C=G

In other words, the DNA of any cell from any organism should have a 1:1 ratio of purine and pyrimidine bases.

93 of 103

DNA Types

There are three different DNA types:

A-DNA: It is a right-handed double helix similar to the B-DNA form. Dehydrated DNA takes an A form that protects the DNA during extreme condition such as desiccation. Protein binding also removes the solvent from DNA and the DNA takes an A form.

B-DNA: This is the most common DNA conformation and is a right-handed helix. Majority of DNA has a B type conformation under normal physiological conditions.

Z-DNA: Z-DNA is a left-handed DNA where the double helix winds to the left in a zig-zag pattern. It was discovered by Andres Wang and Alexander Rich. It is found ahead of the start site of a gene and hence, is believed to play some role in gene regulation.