Ethereum:

The Road

Ahead

以太坊:

往前之路

Security

安全性

• Problem: making complex applications that are secure is hard

问题：做复杂和安全的应用很难

• Once code is published, it cannot be changed; getting security right at the start is very important

合约代码上载以后，不可能改变，所以上载代码之前解决

安全问题很重要

Formal verification of contract code

形式化验证合约代码

Hardening Solidity

“硬化” Solidity 编程语言

Protocol changes

改良底层协议

• Protocol has survived ~1 year without consensus failures, but DoS attacks to slow clients down have been possible

底层协议一年没有共识问题，但是有几个DoS攻击成功了

放慢一部分的节点

• Solutions: base protocol changes, client improvements

解决方案：改良底层协议，改良客户端

Privacy

隐私性

Zero knowledge proofs

零知识证明

• Prove that a statement is true (eg. “this transaction is valid”) without revealing why it is true (ie. details of the transaction)

证明一个陈述s是真的（比如，”这个交易有效”），

无揭露为什么（比如，交易的细节）

Zcash

零币

ZKPs in Ethereum

结合零知识证明和以太坊

Hawk: Verifiable Encrypted Contracts

Hawk: 可验证的加密合约

Efficiency and Scalability

效率和可扩展性

Casper (Proof of stake)

Casper (股权证明的共识算法）

Goal: reduce costs through “virtual mining”, reduce usage on real electricity

目标：用“虚拟挖矿”的概念降低成本，减少电力的消耗量

Sharding

分片

State channels

状态通道

• Most transactions+contracts kept between two parties; chain is used only to open a channel and for settlement

大多数的交易和合约是双方之见发送的，

只需要用区块链为了开通道和结算

• Improves privacy and scalability

解决隐私和可扩展性的问题