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Engaging Students in Citizen Science Experiments with the “Yellow Submarine”

Dr. Pascale Creek Pinner, N.B.C.T.

NGSS Curriculum Developer & Science Educator

Dr. Jan Ray

University of Hawaii-Hilo

Professor - School of Education

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Want big impact?

Use big image.

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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

We are surrounded by water!

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�“Wai”(water) from the mountains IS our most precious resource.

Hahai no ka ua I ka ululā‘au.

Rains always follow the forest.

Pukui, Mary Kawena. 1983. ‘Ōlelo No‘eau: Hawaiian Proverbs and Poetical Sayings. Honolulu, HI. Bishop Museum Press.

 

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Ahupua’a

The land was divided using rivers/streams as boundaries to create separate ahupua’a.

Ahupua’a refers to the traditional land dividing system in Hawai’i.

Each ahupua’a contained portions of the mountain region, the valleys, and the area by and in the ocean.

But, why?

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Ahupua’a

Land was divided so that each area had the resources needed to SUSTAIN a population.

Living on an island surrounded by ocean with LIMITED resources.

Followed along a watershed from the mountain to the ocean (mauka iā makai).

Sustainability

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Provide lessons and technology to engage students as “Citizen Scientists” connected to locations in their own community.

Determine engagement, motivation, and perceptions of the importance of doing citizen science, place-based lessons.

Project Purpose

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I ka nānā no a ‘ike.

By observing, one learns.

How will the retention of associated science content be affected by the use of the “Yellow Submarine” sensor system, versus other simple science tools during the water quality lessons?

Research Questions

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Will conducting “citizen science” water quality experiments on water from different ahupua’a increase student engagement and motivation to do science?

Research Questions

I ka nānā no a ‘ike.

By observing, one learns.

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Quasi-experimental mixed methods research study using a two-group pre-test post-test design.

Sample: 8th grade students in Hawaii

  • Experimental Group = 111 students
  • Control Group = 68 students

Groups contained students who are high-needs with IEPs, and/or designated as ELL and regular education students, including those who are “high achievers”, and from all races and ethnicities.

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Research Design

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Table 1:

Lesson Schedule

Four teachers with multiple classes.

KEY:

YS “Yellow Submarine” Tech

No Tech (low tech)

 

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Experiment Group = used “higher tech” tools, including the GaiaXus sensor system to measure water quality from 7 different locations

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Students rotated through seven different water stations.

Masks were on because the water from Loko’aka Pond was very “ripe”.

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Control Group = used “lower tech” science tools to measure water quality from 7 different locations.

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Teacher used the “ripe” Loko’aka Pond to demonstrate how to collect data using the science tools. Students then rotated through six different stations.

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”Low tech” science tools included a thermometer, a secchi stick,

pH paper, and a salinity test strip.

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Table 2:

Lesson Schedule

Students returned eleven days after the last lesson (Spring Break).

Completed POST lessons, and assessments.

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Google Form

  • Section 1: NGSS-aligned Science Content questions (water, ocean, effects on water quality)
  • Section 2: Self-efficacy for Learning and Doing Science (SELDS) developed by Cornell Lab of Ornithology Evaluation Research.

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Pre/Post Quantitative Assessments

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Section 1: Science Content

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Section 2: Motivation for Learning and DOING Science

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Google Form “Short Answer” Questions

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Post Qualitative Assessment

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Data Analysis

  • PI established Data Sharing Agreement between State, school and researchers.
  • Data-teams process was used by 8th grade teachers using pre/post Section 1: Science Content
  • All students data was anonymized and disaggregated for further analysis of Section 2: SELDS

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Results of the paired-t test indicated that there is a non-significant very small difference between C PRE (M = 3 ,SD = 1.1) and C POST (M = 3.2 ,SD = 1.3), t(67) = 0.9, p = .390.

Results

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Results of the paired-t test indicated that there is a significant difference between E PRE (M = 3.2 ,SD = 1.3) and E POST (M = 3.7 ,SD = 1.4), t(110) = 2.9, p = .004.

Results

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Results of the paired-t test indicated that there is a non-significant difference between Pre Extrinsic-Intrinsic (M = 0.4 ,SD = 0.6) and Post Extrinsic-Intrinsic (M = 0.4 ,SD = 0.5), t(67) = 0.07, p = .943.

The positive average motivation differences for the pre (0.37) and the post (0.37) indicate INTRINSIC motivation.

Results

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Results of the paired-t test indicated that there is a significant difference between Pre Extrinsic - Intrinsic (M = 0.5 ,SD = 0.8) and Post Extrinsic - Intrinsic (M = 0.7 ,SD = 0.8), t(110) = 2.7, p = .009.

The positive average motivation differences for the pre (0.54) and the post (0.69) indicate INTRINSIC motivation.

Results

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Results

Results revealed that more than 80% of the experimental group students perceived that using the Yellow Submarine helped them remember what they learned and motivated them to want to use the probes to investigate water sources in their community.

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Results

  • The 140 responses to the two items were initially coded into 31 categories.
  • Single category responses were eliminated, leaving 18 categories.
  • The top five categories are highlighted above.
  • Some students named specific places they would conduct their research.

Top 5 Responses (categories)

% of Responses

Named Locations

Beaches

34%

Onekahaka

Rivers

25%

Mauna Kea

Ponds

21%

Loko I’a

Streams

10%

Honokea

Ocean

9%

Hilo Bay

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Conclusions

Water quality science content assessment post scores showed gains.

  • Students learned the content.

Water quality experiments increased students’ motivation to learn and do science.

  • Both groups had POSITIVE, INTRINSIC motivation post scores.

Vast majority of students (80%) said the Yellow Submarine helped them

  • Learn the content
  • Envision using the probe for other water sources

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MAHALO!!

Dr. Pascale Creek Pinner, N.B.C.T.

NGSS Curriculum Developer & Science Educator

Hilo Intermediate School

pascale.pinner@k12.hi.us

@PascaleCreek

Dr.Jan Ray

Professor - School of Education

University of Hawaii-Hilo

Janetray@hawaii.edu

Dr. Pascale Creek Pinner

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Credits

Special thanks to all the people who made and released these awesome resources for free:

  • Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
  • Photographs by Unsplash

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