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Sex Ed

Male/Female reproductive systems
Gender identity & sexual orientation
Sexual intercourse, consent, STIs, date rape & sexual assault
Pregnancy prevention & options

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Today’s Topics:

Sex/STIs
Consent
Date Rape & Sexual Assault

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Types of sex

Anal Sex
Oral Sex
Vaginal Sex

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STIs 101

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STI Facts

Nearly half of the 20 million new STIs each year are among young people aged 15–24 years.

Even though young people account for half of new STI cases, they only represent 25% of the sexually experienced population.

Young people ages 15 to 24 years old accounted for 2/3rds of chlamydia diagnoses in 2018.

25%

66%

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Sexually Transmitted Infections

Bacterial STIs

Chlamydia

Gonorrhea

Syphilis

Trichomoniasis

Viral STIs

Herpes

HIV/AIDS

Human Papilloma Virus

Hepatitis B

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Care. No matter what.

Chlamydia

Can infect the penis, vagina, cervix, anus, urethra, and throat

Can cause PID which leads to infertility in a person with a uterus

Most people report �no symptoms

Curable with antibiotics

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Gonorrhea

Can infect the penis, vagina, cervix, anus, urethra, and throat

Can cause PID which can lead to infertility in a person with a uterus

Most people report �no symptoms

Curable with antibiotics

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Care. No matter what.

Syphilis

Can infect the vagina, anus, penis, scrotum, lips and mouth

Primary Stage- chancre sore lasting 3-6 weeks

Secondary Stage- rash on body which typically goes away on its own

Latent Stage – no visible symptoms and can �last for years

Tertiary Stage- spreads to brain and nervous system and can lead of death

Curable but damage done cannot be undone

Syphilis is a bacterial STI that works in four stages. It can infect the vagina, anus, penis, or scrotum and sometimes the lips and mouth. It's transmitted through skin-to-skin contact with an infected chancre sore or through unprotected intercourse. In the first stage, the primary stage, a person develops a chancre sore on the genital area or in the mouth, usually lasting three to six weeks. In the secondary stage, there is a body rash which usually goes away on its own. The third stage, the latent stage, can last for years and there are no visible symptoms. The fourth stage is when the syphilis spreads to a person's brain and nervous system and can lead to death. Syphilis is most contagious in the first two stages. It is cured with antibiotics but whatever damage has been done to any organ is permanent.

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Trichomoniasis

Can infect the vulva, vagina, penis and urethra

Can be cured with antibiotics

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Sexually Transmitted Infections

Viral STIs

Herpes

HIV/AIDS

Human Papilloma Virus

Hepatitis B

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Care. No matter what.

Herpes

Causes sores on genitals �or mouth

Can be passed through anal, oral, vaginal sex as well as skin to skin contact with or without symptoms

There are medications to help with outbreaks but no cure

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HIV/AIDS

Passed through blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, and rectal/anal fluid

Depletes a person’s immune system making it harder to fight off infections

AIDS = 200 T cells �or less

U=Undetectable=Untransmittable

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. They are not one in the same. HIV is spread through the following bodily fluids: semen, vaginal fluid, blood, breast milk, and rectal/anal fluids. It attacks the T cells in our immune system, specifically destroying them and not allowing the body to replace them. A healthy person has about a thousand T cells per drop of blood. Over time, as HIV depletes the immune system, it makes it harder for the body to fight off infections and diseases. When a person's T-cell count drops to 200 or below in a drop of blood, they transition into having AIDS. There are lots of medications available for HIV patients. It is no longer a death sentence. People living with HIV can lead a long and normal, healthy life. The key is getting tested and diagnosed early. It's important we bring awareness to the U U campaign. U U means undetectable equals untransmittable, which occurs when a person living with HIV takes ART, antiretroviral therapy, daily and as prescribed, as well as achieves and maintains an undetectable viral load for at least six months. They are then able to have sex with their partner and the risk for transmission is negligible.

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Care. No matter what.

Human Papilloma Virus

Can be passed on through anal, oral, vaginal sex as well as skin to skin contact

Can lead to cancer or �genital warts

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Hepatitis B

Passed on through sex , blood, and mother to baby

Causes cirrhosis which �can lead to cancer

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Care. No matter what.

STI Transmission

Breast Milk

Rectal/Anal Fluids

Blood

Semen,�Pre-Ejaculatory Fluids

Vaginal fluids

Which body fluids can contain an STI?

*Fluids that do not transmit: sweat, urine, tears, saliva

03

02

04

01

05

STI

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STI Transmission

What behaviors can transmit an STI?

With an infected partner

Without a condom

Direct skin-to-skin contact (genital-genital)

01

02

03

Having anal, vaginal, oral sex

Sharing needles for tattooing, piercing, steroids, IV drug use, etc.

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Possible STI Effects

Increased risk of getting HIV

Increased risk of PID

Infertility

Transmit to infant

May affect pregnancy

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Care. No matter what.

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STI Prevention

Avoid Drugs and Alcohol

Abstinence

Barrier Methods (Condoms or Dental Dams)

Vaccines

Do Not Share Needles

Communication

Limit Number of Partners

Treatment

Testing

There are many things we can do to help prevent STIs. We know abstinence, which means not having sex is the only 100% effective way to prevent infections. We also recognize people have sex for different reasons and some don't get to choose when and if they have sex. If a person is or will be sexually active, it's important they try to use protection each and every time. Vaccines for Hep B and for HPV are available to help reduce the risk. Never share needles for IV drugs, tattoos, or piercings. Remember drugs and alcohol lower one's inhibitions and to a person, it might make them more likely to do something they wouldn't otherwise do. Getting tested yearly or before every new sexual partner and seeking treatment when necessary is key in preventing transmissions. From a public health perspective, we know limiting the amount of sexual partners one has reduces the risk as this limits exposure but it only takes one partner to contract an STI. And lastly, communication with a partner is key. Asking questions like, are you willing to use protection? Have you been tested before? Or do you have an STI? Are great ways to start this conversation.

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External Condom

98% effective at preventing pregnancy if always �used correctly

Care. No matter what.

External condoms cover the penis and collect semen. They can be used for penis to vagina, penis to anus and penis to mouth sexual activity. External condoms are 98% effective in preventing pregnancy when correctly and consistently with every act of sex to reach its maximum effectiveness. Using lubrication with a condom can help decrease breakage and increase comfort and pleasure. It's important to know, only water-based lubricants are safe to use with condoms. A person can legally buy condoms at any age and they are sold over the counter. There are several different types of condoms available varying in size, color, and texture. So it's important for people who use condoms to find ones that work for them and their partner. External condoms are typically made of latex but there are also non-latex and lambskin condoms. For people who may have a latex allergy, non-latex condoms may be a great option. It's important to know lambskin condoms do not protect against transmission of STI and HIV and only offer pregnancy prevention due to their porous borders.

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Internal Condom

95% effective if �always used correctly

The inner ring is inserted into the vagina and the outer ring covers the vulva, creating a pouch inside the vagina.

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Care. No matter what.

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Dental Dams

Easy and effective barrier for STI prevention. �Made out of latex or polyurethane and used for oral sex- mouth to vagina or mouth to anus.

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STI Testing

Bacterial STIs

Chlamydia – swabbing location of infection or urine sample

Gonorrhea – swabbing location of infection or urine sample

Syphilis – blood test or swabbing of sore if present

Trichomoniasis – swabbing �of discharge

Viral STIs

Herpes – swabbing of sore if present �or blood test

HIV/AIDS – finger prick

Human Papilloma Virus – pap test, �visual exam

Hepatitis B – blood test

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Care. No matter what.

Gardasil 9

01

Protects against 9 HPV types that cause cervical, anal, vaginal, and vulvar cancer

02

Approved for people �9-45 yrs. old

03

Best if given before �first sexual intercourse

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HIV Meds

Pep

Post Exposure Prophylaxis

Must be taken within 72 hours of potential exposure to material �infected with HIV

2-3 antivirals for 28 days

Not 100% effective

PrEP

Pre Exposure Prophylaxis

For people who are HIV negative and are at substantial risk of contracting HIV

It is important that a person still use �protection during sexual intercourse / new needles

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Care. No matter what.

Communication

What questions would a person ask their partner before becoming sexually involved?

Do you currently �have any STIs?

Have you been tested for STIs? When?

Do you currently have any other sexual partners?

Do you use protection?

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Summary

Abstinence is 100%

But if someone is �sexually active:

Condoms/Dental Dams!

01

Get tested and treated

02

Communicate

03

Avoid Alcohol & Drugs

04

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AMAZE provides fantastic short, animated videos:

ABCs of STDs: https://youtu.be/oi6uzWxrFFY

STD Prevention Beyond Condoms: https://youtu.be/41cFmDTABJY

What is HPV?: https://youtu.be/auqcLrV70go

What is HIV?: https://youtu.be/YxfOu_aTzH8

HIV: How to Protect Yourself and Others: https://youtu.be/xK-VPgmn-18

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Consent, Sexual Assault & Date Rape

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Sexual Assault & Date Rape

What is sexual assault?

The term sexual assault refers to sexual contact or behavior that occurs without explicit consent of the victim. Some forms of sexual assault include:

Attempted rape
Fondling or unwanted sexual touching
Forcing a victim to perform sexual acts, such as oral sex or penetrating the perpetrator’s body
Penetration of the victim’s body, also known as rape

What is rape?

Rape is a form of sexual assault, but not all sexual assault is rape. The term rape is often used as a legal definition to specifically include sexual penetration without consent. For its Uniform Crime Reports, the FBI defines rape as “penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.”

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Sydney’s story

Jonathan's story

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What are date rape drugs?
Drugs are sometimes used to make rape easier. These drugs make people helpless, unable to defend themselves or remember what happened. Sometimes called predator drugs, they can be used on women or men, strangers or acquaintances. Date rape drugs are colorless, odorless and almost tasteless. They are hard to detect when added to drinks. Date rape drugs can be slipped into a drink. They can be added or put in place of other drugs a person may be using. Some common date rape drugs: Rohypnol is a strong sleeping and anti anxiety pill. Known as roofies, rophies, roche and forget-me pills. GHB is a sedative that can produce a high feeling. Known as G, liquid ecstasy, grievous bodily harm, scoop and Georgia home boy. Ketamine is a sedative and animal tranquilizer. Known as K, special K, ket, vitamin K and cat valium

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	What do date rape drugs look like?	How long does it take?
Rohypnol	Rohypnol tablets are white and dissolve in liquid that can be swallowed or injected. When crushed, the tablets can be smoked. Some tables change the colors of a drink or how it looks. But some don’t.	effects begin in 15-20 minutes can last for more than 12 hours can be detected in the body for up to 72 hours
GHB	GHB is sold as a liquid that is swallowed. It has a slightly salty taste. GHB can also be made into white powder and put into capsules.	effects can be felt in 15-20 minutes can last for 2-6 hours can be detected in the body for up to 24 hours.
Ketamine	Ketamine is a liquid. It can also be made into powder or pills. It can be swallowed, snorted or injected. It can also be added to marijuana or tobacco or smoked.	effects begin within 4 minutes when injected and 10-20 minutes when swallowed can last up to 5 hours. Can be detected in the body for up to 48 hours

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What do date rape drugs do to the body?
Date rape drugs slow down the brain and the nervous system. This can make it hard for a person to think, move or speak.
They can make people relax and lower inhibitions. This can affect judgment and cause people to do things they wouldn’t otherwise do. They can blur vision and cause people to see things that aren’t there. They can cause drowsiness, dizziness and confusion. People may not know where they are, what is going on around them, or what is happening to them. They can cause nausea and vomiting. They can make people feel numb or unable to move or speak. They can also cause shaking, muscle spasms and seizures.	They can cause loss of consciousness. They can make a person pass out for a few minutes or many hours. They can cause memory loss. People can’t remember what they said or did or what happened to them while under the effect of the drug. Rohypnol and GHB can lower blood pressure, heart rate and breathing. This can lower the amount of oxygen and blood that gets to the brain and body.

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Are date rape drugs life threatening?
Date rape drugs can cause: Coma. When taken in large amounts or mixed with other drugs, including some prescription drugs, date rape drugs can shut down the brain and cause loss of consciousness. Death. The body can slow down too much and cause breathing to stop, the heart to stop beating, or the brain to stop working. Alcohol makes the effects of these drugs much worse. When mixed with alcohol, even low doses of date rape drugs can kill.
Are they illegal?
Only healthcare providers and veterinarians can use GHB or ketamine legally. All rohypnol is illegal in the US. There are harsh federal prison terms and fines for anyone who possesses or uses a drug to commit sexual assault. If the victim is hurt or dies from the drug, the person who gave the drug can be held responsible.

How can I protect myself?
Tips for staying safe
Only go to parties, clubs, or raves with a trusted friend. Watch out for each other. Never leave your drink unattended. Always get your own drink– even water. Only accept drinks in containers that you open yourself.
Know the symptoms of drug poisoning
You may feel more intoxicated than you should feel. You might also have: Problems remembering things you recently said or did Loss of coordination, dizziness and blackouts Nausea, vomiting Confusion Chills and sweating Trouble moving or speak If you feel ill, get help immediately from someone you trust.