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WELCOME TO

CARLETON QUANTUM COMPUTING SOCIETY

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AGENDA

  • About Carleton quantum computing society (CQCS)
    • Our mission, Vision, actions
    • Get to know the team
  • TALKS BY our speakers
    • GET TO KNOW THE SPEAKERS
    • THEIR TALKS

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our mission, vision, actions

Mission

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Vision

Actions

A cross-disciplinary student organization that aims to provide individuals with necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in their professional, personal, or academic journey into quantum computing

Envision fostering a community of diverse, talented, and responsible individuals passionate about quantum computing

Deliver highest quality seminars, workshops, and learning resources

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Collaborating with industry experts as guest speakers

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Ensuring every student has equal opportunities to access resources and events

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get to know the team

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TOM MAI

PRESIDENT

  • Education

Bachelor of Computer Science Honours, 2024 at Carleton University

  • Interests
    • Quantum Computing
    • Embedded Systems
    • Distributed Systems

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get to know the team

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KHOI LE

VP - INTERNAL

  • Education

Bachelor of Computer Science Honours, 2026 at Carleton University

  • Interests
    • System and Networking
    • Quantum Computing

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get to know the team

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HOA NGUYEN

VP - EXTERNAL

  • Education

Bachelor of Computer Science Honours, 2026 at Carleton University

  • Interests
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Machine Learning
    • Quantum Computing

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get to know the team

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THINH TRUONG

VP - RESEARCH

  • Education

Bachelor of Mathematics Honours in Computer Science and Mathematics, 2024 at Carleton University

  • Interests
    • Mathematics
    • Quantum Computing
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Machine Learning

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get to know the team

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BRIAN TRAN

WEBMASTER

  • Education

Bachelor of Computer Science, 2026 at University of Ottawa

  • Interests
    • Web Development
    • Software Engineer

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get to know the team

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KHANG TRAN

WEBMASTER

  • Education

Bachelor of Computer Science Honours, 2026 at Carleton University

  • Interests
    • Web Development
    • Software Engineer
    • Data Structure and Algorithm
    • Competitive Programming

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get to know the team

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TUNG TRAN

WEBMASTER

  • Education

Bachelor of Computer Science Honours, 2026 at Carleton University

  • Interests
    • Web Development
    • Software Engineer

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TALKS BY OUR SPEAKERS

ICEBREAKER QUESTION

https://play.myquiz.org/HostInstance/Show?hostId=2cc935d7-0e70-42f9-a6ed-11ac422c3bc7

Name of 3 guest speakers of today event:

  1. Michiel Smid, Iain Burge, Jun (Steed) Huang
  2. Michel Barbeau, Iain Burge, Jun (Steed) Huang
  3. Michiel Smid, Iain Burge, Dongrui Huang
  4. Michel Barbeau, Ava McKenney, Jun (Steed) Huang

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TALKS BY OUR SPEAKERS

ICEBREAKER QUESTION

Name of 3 guest speakers of today event:

  1. Michiel Smid, Iain Burge, Jun (Steed) Huang
  2. Michel Barbeau, Iain Burge, Jun (Steed) Huang
  3. Michiel Smid, Hoa Nguyen, Dongrui Huang
  4. Michel Barbeau, Khoi Le, Jun (Steed) Huang

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Get to know the SPEAKERS

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PROF. MICHEL BARBEAU

  • Director & Interim Institute for Data Science Director, Carleton University
  • Advisor for CQCS

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Get to know the SPEAKERS

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ADJ. PROF. JUN (STEED) HUANG

  • Adjunct Professor in the Ottawa Carleton Institute for Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Ottawa Carleton Institute for Computer Science
  • Project Advisor for VisionX LLC

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Get to know the SPEAKERS

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RESEARCHER IAIN BURGE

  • Research assistant at Carleton University developing algorithms for explainable quantum AI
  • Advisor for CQCS

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Their talks

PROF. Michel Barbeau: Introduction to Quantum Computing

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Introduction to Quantum Computing����Carleton Quantum Computing Society Kick-Off Event��Speaker: Michel Barbeau, Director and Professor� School of Computer Science� Institute for Data Science

February 9, 2024

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The Dollarama Perfect Toothpick Search Challenge

What is the average time complexity of the perfect toothpick search in a packet of m toothpicks on a n core computer ?

Choices:

  1. n times m
  2. m times n
  3. (m times n) over two
  4. (n times m) over two
  5. None of the above

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How does a quantum computer solve it?

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Key Concepts

  • Qubit
  • Quantum state: superposition & entanglement
  • Quantum transformation

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A single qubit

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A quantum state made of n qubits

Each reading outcome is interpreted as the numerical value represented by n bits

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Entanglement

  • Qubit entanglement = Measure in a coherent way
  • Prof. Jun (Steed) Huang: Quantum Entanglement Speed

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A quantum transformation on a n qubit state

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Applications

  • Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
  • Quantum Machine Learning (QML)
  • Teleportation and quantum networks
  • Security Challenges and Post-Quantum Cryptography

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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)

  • Bennet and Brassard 1984
  • Two parties
  • Insecure photon quantum channel
  • Authenticated classical channel
  • Quantum key expansion protocol

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Quantum Machine Learning

  • How it works: train a variable transformation
  • Several forms of encoding, e.g., in probability amplitudes
  • Quantum parallelism
  • Can quantum computers learn things that classical computers can't?
  • Cost of classical to quantum data encoding

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Quantum Machine Learning (cont’d)

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Teleportation (Transporter) – Star Trek (1966-1969)

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Security Challenges and Post-Quantum Cryptography

  • Classical data cryptographic algorithms secure against cryptanalytic attacks by quantum computers
  • Threats
    • Grover’s algorithm: A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search
    • Shor’s algorithm: Polynomial-time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer
    • Wang et al., Prime factorization algorithm based on parameter optimization of ising model (quantum annealing)
  • Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)
    • Quantum safe encryption, Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) & Digital Signature (DS)

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Source: Is winter coming? Quantum computing’s trajectory in the years ahead, https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/tech-forward/overriding-macro-trends-to-unlock-performance-in-tech-enabled-organizations (May 2023)

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When can we expect a useful quantum computer?

Source: The professional’s guide to Quantum Technology, https://www.quantum.amsterdam/part-5-when-can-we-expect-a-useful-quantum-computer-a-closer-look-at-timelines/

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Related publications

  • Barbeau, M., Garcia-Alfaro, J., & Kranakis, E. (2020, October). Capacity requirements in networks of quantum repeaters and terminals. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE) (pp. 148-157).
  • Barbeau, M., Beurier, E., Garcia‐Alfaro, J., Kuang, R., Pahl, M. O., & Pastor, D. (2021). The quantum what? advantage, utopia or threat?. Digitale Welt, 5(1), 34-39.
  • Barbeau, M., & Garcia-Alfaro, J. (2022). Cyber-physical defense in the quantum Era. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1905.
  • Barbeau, M., Kranakis, E., & Perez, N. (2022). Authenticity, integrity, and replay protection in quantum data communications and networking. ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing, 3(2), 1-22.
  • Kuang, R., & Barbeau, M. (2022). Quantum permutation pad for universal quantum-safe cryptography. Quantum Information Processing, 21(6), 211.

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Their talks

ADJ. Prof. Jun (Steed) Huang: Quantum Entanglement Speed

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Their talks

Quick Quiz!!!

What does “momenergy” mean in the talk ?

  1. Mother of nature Energy
  2. Momentum Energy
  3. Energy Momentum
  4. In between B and C

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Their talks

Quick Quiz!!!

What does “momenergy” mean in the talk ?

  1. Mother of nature Energy
  2. Momentum Energy
  3. Energy Momentum
  4. In between B and C

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Their talks

Researcher Iain Burge: Explainable Quantum AI

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Preparing for Explainable Quantum AI:

Iain Burge1, Michel Barbeau1, Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro2

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1School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

2SAMOVAR, Télécom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France

A Quantum Algorithm for Shapley Value Estimation

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Outline

  • Motivation
    • AI & Explainability
    • Example – Wolf or Husky
  • Our Quantum Algorithm for Shapley Value Estimation
    • A Simple Game
    • The Shapley Value
    • Quantum Solution
    • Experimental Results

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Motivation

Explainable Quantum AI

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AI & Explainability

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A substantial portion of research into AI involve black box models

    • Models which are extremely difficult to understand, due to factors such as size and complexity

There has been a wave of research into explainable AI [3, 4, 5]

    • There has been substantial work into generating post-hoc explanations for black box models [1, 2]

Explainable AI is essential from two perspectives

    • It can help improve general efficacy of the AI
    • It is impossible to assess the ethics of an algorithm if it is not understood

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Wolf or Huskey [7]

[7] M. T. Ribeiro, S. Singh, and C. Guestrin, “‘Why Should I Trust You?,’” Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining

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Quantum AI & Explainability

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In Explainable AI, the concept of the Shapley value is often leveraged for post-hoc explanations of black box AIs

    • Direct calculation of Shapley values takes exponential time, and Monte-Carlo methods are not always ideal

In the quantum context, these challenges are further amplified, since the final state of a quantum algorithm is not always accessible

    • Our algorithm for the approximation of Shapley values in voting games can be generalized to arbitrary coalitional games [1]

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Quantum Algorithm for Shapley Value Estimation

A Quantum Algorithm for Weighted Voting Games

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A Simple Game [2]

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[2] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, “Quantum algorithms for Shapley Value Calculation,” IEEE Quantum Week Conference 2023.

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The Shapley Value

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A Quantum Approach [1,2]

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[1] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, “A quantum algorithm for Shapley Value Estimation,” arXiv pre-print, Jan 11, 2023.

[2] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, “Quantum algorithms for Shapley Value Calculation,” IEEE Quantum Week Conference 2023.

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Quantum Algorithm – Step 1 [1, 2]

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Quantum Algorithm – Step 1 Cont.

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Quantum Algorithm – Step 2 [2]

  • To simplify, let us consider Alice, Bob, and Charles’ voting game, we will find Alice’s Shapley value.
    • Let oracle denote the quantum circuit seen in Slide 6.
  • For weighted voting games we can use the following circuit to perform steps 2:

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  • Assuming BC has been prepared with Step 1, measuring the Out register will have expected value corresponding to Alice’s Shapley value.

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[2] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, “Quantum algorithms for Shapley Value Calculation,” IEEE Quantum Week Conference 2023.

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Quantum Algorithm – Step 3 [6, 8]

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[6] A. Montanaro, “Quantum speedup of Monte Carlo methods,” Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

[8] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, “Quantum Shapley Value Algorithm,” GitHub, Apr. 2023,

https://github.com/iain-burge/QuantumShapleyValueAlgorithm

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Empirical Results – Step 1 [8]

  • 32 random weighted voting games for each condition
  • Approximated every player’s Shapley value using Quantum Algorithm
    • Found the absolute error of our approximation
  • Took the reciprocal of the Mean absolute error across each player and game

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[8] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, “Quantum Shapley Value Algorithm,” GitHub, Apr. 2023, https://github.com/iain-burge/QuantumShapleyValueAlgorithm

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Thank you. Questions?

Bibliography

[1] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, “A quantum algorithm for Shapley Value Estimation,” arXiv pre-print, Jan 11, 2023. To be submitted to Quantum Information Processing.

[2] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, “Quantum algorithms for Shapley Value Calculation,” IEEE Quantum Week Conference 2023.

[3] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, "Quantum predictive modelling with applications in Cyber-physical security," Digitale Welt, Jun 07, 2022.

[4] I. Burge, "Quantum Reinforcement Learning and Grover’s Algorithm with Applications to Cyber-Physical Security,” B.Cog.Sc. Thesis, Dep. of Cog. Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2022.

[5] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, "Quantum predictive modeling for multi-agent systems with application to cyber-physical security," Carleton Cognitive Science Spring Conference, Ottawa, ON, Canada, Apr 29-30, 2022.

[6] A. Montanaro, “Quantum speedup of Monte Carlo methods,” Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 471, no. 2181, p. 20150301, Sep. 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0301.

[7] M. T. Ribeiro, S. Singh, and C. Guestrin, “‘Why Should I Trust You?,’” Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - KDD ’16, 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1145/2939672.2939778.

[8] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, “Quantum Shapley Value Algorithm,” GitHub, Apr. 2023, https://github.com/iain-burge/QuantumShapleyValueAlgorithm

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Email:

iainburge@cmail.carleton.ca

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LinkedIn:

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GitHub:

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QCE 2023:

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Calculating Shapley Value Example [2]

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[2] I. Burge, M. Barbeau, and J. Garcia-Alfaro, “Quantum algorithms for Shapley Value Calculation,” IEEE Quantum Week Conference 2023.

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Their talks

Quick Quiz!!!

Suppose you give Alice 2 votes instead of 3. Do the Shapley values increase or decrease for Alice, Bob, and Charles ?

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New voting power Alice: 2, Bob: 2, Charles: 1, Voting threshold: 4

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  1. Alice - decreases, Bob + increases, Charles + increases
  2. Alice - decreases, Bob + increases, Charles - decreases
  3. Alice + increases, Bob + increases, Charles + increases
  4. Alice - decreases, Bob - decreases, Charles + increases

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Their talks

Quick Quiz!!!

Suppose you give Alice 2 votes instead of 3. Do the Shapley values increase or decrease for Alice, Bob, and Charles ?

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New voting power Alice: 2, Bob: 2, Charles: 1, Voting threshold: 4

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  1. Alice - decreases, Bob + increases, Charles + increases
  2. Alice - decreases, Bob + increases, Charles - decreases
  3. Alice + increases, Bob + increases, Charles + increases
  4. Alice - decreases, Bob - decreases, Charles + increases

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Questions?

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Thank you to our speakers and everyone attending the event today!

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