CLASS-XI

INDIA PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

​

SUBJECT- GEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER -04

​

CLIMATE

CLIMATE

OBJECTIVES

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

CONTENT OF THE LESSON

MONSOON REGIME

MORE DIVERSITIES

FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE

LATITUDE

The Himalaya Climatic Barrier

DISTRIBUTION OF LAND & WATER

DISTANCE FROM SEA

ALTITUTE

RELIEF

SURFACE WIND

JET STREAM IN WINTER

JET STREAM IN SUMMER

WESTERN DISTURBANCES

EL-NINO EFFECTS

SOUTHERN OSCILLATION

COLD WEATHER SEASON

TEMPERATURE IN JANUARY

WIND DIRECTION WINTER

WINTER RAINFALL

HOT WEATHER SEASON

STROM IN HOT WEATHER SEASON

SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON

MONSOON WIND

ONSET OF SW MONSOON

RETREATING MONSOON SEASON

DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL

VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL

�Some Famous Local Storms of Hot Weather Season�

(ii) Blossom Shower : With this shower, coffee flowers blossom in Kerala and nearby areas.

​

�Some Famous Local Storms of Hot Weather Season�

• (iii) Nor Westers : These are dreaded evening thunderstorms in Bengal and Assam. Their notorious nature can be understood from the local nomenclature of ‘Kalbaisakhi’, a calamity of the month of Baisakh. These showers are useful for tea, jute and rice cultivation. In Assam, these storms are known as “Bardoli Chheerha”.

​

�Some Famous Local Storms of Hot Weather Season�

(iv) Loo : Hot, dry and oppressing winds blowing in the Northern plains from Punjab to Bihar with higher intensity between Delhi and Patna.

​

�Climatic Regions of India�

• The climatic types of India is based on Koeppen‘s scheme:-
• Koeppen based his scheme of Climatic classification on monthly values of temperature and precipitation.

​

�Climatic Regions of India by Koeppen �

Koeppen identified five major climatic types

​

• Tropical climates, where mean monthly temperature throughout the year is over 18°C.

​

� Climatic Regions of India by Koeppen �

• Dry climates, where precipitation is very low in comparison to temperature, and hence, dry.
• If dryness is less, it is semi-arid (S).
• If it is more, the climate is arid (W).

​

� Climatic Regions of India by Koeppen �

Warm temperate climates, where mean temperature of the coldest month is between 18°C and minus 3°C.

​

� Climatic Regions of India by Koeppen �

Cool temperate climates, where mean temperature of the warmest month is over 10°C, and mean temperature of the coldest month is under minus 3°C.

​

�Climatic Regions of India by Koeppen �

• Ice climates, where mean temperature of the warmest month is under 10°C.

​

Monsoons and �Economic Life in India

Monsoon is that axis around which revolves the entire agricultural cycle of India.

It is because about 64 percent people of India depend on agriculture for their livelihood and agriculture itself is based on southwest monsoon.

​

Monsoons and �Economic Life in India

Except Himalayas all the parts of the country have temperature above the threshold level to grow the crops or plants throughout the year.

​

Monsoons and �Economic Life in India

Regional variations in monsoon climate help in growing various types of crops.

Variability of rainfall brings droughts or floods every year in some parts of the country.

​

Monsoons and �Economic Life in India

Agricultural prosperity of India depends very much on timely and adequately distributed rainfall.

If it fails, agriculture is adversely affected particularly in those regions where means of irrigation are not developed.

​

Monsoons and �Economic Life in India

Sudden monsoon burst creates problem of soil erosion over large areas in India.

Winter rainfall by temperate cyclones in north India is highly beneficial for rabi crops.

​

Monsoons and �Economic Life in India

Regional climatic variation in India is reflected in the vast variety of food, clothes and house types.

​

CLIMATE CHANGE IN INDIA

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

THANK YOU

THINK

MORE & MORE