資料可視化
蕭裕憲
國立臺北科技大學資訊工程所
摘要
Abstract
|資料可視化|蕭裕憲
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章節 01
摘要(Abstract)
章節01|摘要(Abstract)|資料可視化|蕭裕憲
After decades of digitization, large cultural heritage collections have emerged on the web, which contain massive stocks of content from galleries, libraries, archives, and museums. This increase in digital cultural heritage data promises new modes of analysis and increased levels of access for academic scholars and casual users alike.
經過數十年的數位化之後,網絡上出現了大量的文化遺產收藏,其中包含來自畫廊、圖書館、檔案館和博物館的龐大內容。這些數位文化遺產數據的增加為學術學者和一般用戶提供了新的分析方式和更高水平的訪問權限。
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摘要(Abstract)
章節01|摘要(Abstract)|資料可視化|蕭裕憲
Going beyond the standard representations of search-centric and grid-based interfaces, a multitude of approaches has recently started to enable visual access to cultural collections, and to explore them as complex and comprehensive information spaces by the means of interactive visualizations. In contrast to conventional web interfaces, we witness a widening spectrum of innovative visualization types specially designed for rich collections from the cultural heritage sector.
超越標準的以搜索為中心和基於網格的界面表示,最近已經出現了多種方法,以實現對文化收藏的視覺訪問,並通過互動視覺化手段探索其作為複雜且綜合信息空間的性質。與傳統的網頁界面相比,我們見證了專為文化遺產部門豐富收藏而設計的創新可視化類型的不斷擴大的光譜。
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摘要(Abstract)
章節01|摘要(Abstract)|資料可視化|蕭裕憲
This new class of information visualizations gives rise to a notable diversity of interaction and representation techniques while lending currency and urgency to a discussion about principles such as serendipity, generosity, and criticality in connection with visualization design. With this survey, we review information visualization approaches to digital cultural heritage collections and reflect on the state of the art in techniques and design choices.
這個新型的信息可視化類型引發了顯著多樣性的互動和表徵技術,同時在與可視化設計相關的原則,如意外發現、慷慨和批判性等方面,引發了一場討論。通過這份綜述,我們回顧了數位文化遺產收藏的信息可視化方法,並反思了技術和設計選擇的最新狀態。
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圖片(Figure)
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章節 02
圖片(Figure)
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Fig. 1. Types of cultural objects and assets (left-hand side), with tangible CH at the top and intangible CH at the bottom. The right-hand side shows a closeup of the structure of CH object data, consisting of a digital cultural object (left) and related metadata entries (right).
圖1. 文化物件和資產的類型(左側),頂部是有形的文化遺產,底部是無形的文化遺產。右側顯示了文化遺產物件數據結構的細節,包括數位文化物件(左)和相關的元數據條目(右)。
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Fig. 1.
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Fig. 2. A selection of InfoVis interfaces to cultural heritage data, including [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28] (top row), and [18], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33] (bottom row, from left to right).
圖2. 信息可視化界面的文化遺產數據選集,包括[23]、[24]、[25]、[26]、[27]、[28](上排)以及[18]、[29]、[30]、[31]、[32]、[33](下排,從左到右)。
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Fig. 2.
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Fig. 3. Schematic lineup of a visualization system in the CH data domain with annotations and colors of the survey’s main categories.
圖3. 文化遺產數據領域中的可視化系統的示意圖,附有說明和調查主要類別的顏色。
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Fig. 3.
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Fig. 4. Distribution of supported data types in the survey’s sample.
圖4. 調查樣本中支持的數據類型分佈。
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Fig. 4.
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Fig. 5. Distribution of interfaces for different target groups and amount of user studies.
圖5. 面向不同目標群體和使用者研究量的界面分佈。
Fig. 6. Distribution of supported tasks.
圖6. 支持任務的分佈。
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Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
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Fig. 7. Predominant information activities for CH collections, like vertical immersion or abstraction (green) and horizontal browsing (brown) (cf. [73]) and granularity levels of object collections (right), from overviews utilizing abstractions to realistically encoded object previews.
圖7. 文化遺產收藏的主要信息活動,如垂直沉浸或抽象(綠色)和水平瀏覽(棕色)(參見[73]),以及物件收藏的粒度級別(右側),從使用抽象的概觀到實際編碼的物件預覽。
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Fig. 7.
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Fig. 8. The distribution of visual granularity levels (top) and supported information activities by major interaction methods (bottom).
圖8. 視覺粒度級別的分佈(上),以及主要互動方法支持的信息活動分佈(下)。
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Fig. 8.
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Fig. 9. Surveyed visualization methods to encode temporal data aspects (top row) and methods to visually encode non-temporal aspects of CH data collections (bottom).
圖9. 被調查的用於編碼時間數據方面的可視化方法(上排),以及用於視覺編碼文化遺產數據收藏非時間方面的方法(下排)。
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Fig. 9.
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Fig. 10. The distribution of methods for the visual encoding of temporal (time-oriented, longitudinal) CH collection data aspects.
圖10. 用於視覺編碼文化遺產收藏數據方面的時間(面向時間,縱向)方法的分佈。
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Fig. 10.
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Fig. 11. The distribution of visualization methods for non-temporal (spatial, structural, relational, distributional, or cross-sectional) CH collection data aspects.
圖11. 用於非時間(空間、結構、關聯、分佈或橫斷面)文化遺產收藏數據方面的可視化方法分佈。
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Fig. 11.
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Fig. 12. The temporal development of CH InfoVis publications.
圖12. 文化遺產信息可視化出版物的時間發展。
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Fig. 12.
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Fig. 13. Design space and categorical distribution of all surveyed InfoVis interfaces to CH collections, with paper-based prototypes at the top, and publicly accessible prototypes without associated publication at the bottom. Ranking according to the number of design features.
圖13. 所有受調查的文化遺產數據信息可視化界面的設計空間和分類分佈,頂部是基於紙張的原型,底部是無相關出版物的公開可訪問的原型。根據設計特徵的數量排名。
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Fig. 13.
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Fig. 14. Number of citations per paper (left) and top 10 publications (right).
圖14. 每篇論文的引用數(左)和前10篇論文(右)。
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Fig. 14.
結論(CONCLUSION)
|結論(CONCLUSION)|資料可視化|蕭裕憲
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03
章節 03
結論(CONCLUSION)
章節03|結論(CONCLUSION)|資料可視化|蕭裕憲
After decades of digitization, large cultural heritage collections have emerged on the web, which contain massive stocks of content from galleries, libraries, archives, and museums. This increase in digital cultural heritage data promises new modes of analysis and increased levels of access for academic scholars and casual users alike.
經過數十年的數位化之後,網絡上出現了大量的文化遺產收藏,其中包含來自畫廊、圖書館、檔案館和博物館的龐大內容。這些數位文化遺產數據的增加為學術學者和一般用戶提供了新的分析方式和更高水平的訪問權限。
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結論(CONCLUSION)
章節03|結論(CONCLUSION)|資料可視化|蕭裕憲
We analyzed 70 CH visualization systems across a custom-made taxonomy to capture the current state of interface and visualization design. We analyzed the structure of this design space and reflected on open challenges and emerging topics from a wider InfoVis and humanities perspective. As such, we aimed to contribute to the consolidation of a hitherto scattered but vibrant research field.
我們使用自定義的分類法分析了70個文化遺產可視化系統,以把握界面和可視化設計的當前狀態。我們分析了這個設計空間的結構,並從更廣泛的信息可視化和人文學科的角度反思了開放性挑戰和新興主題。因此,我們旨在為迄今為止分散但充滿活力的研究領域作出貢獻。
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結論(CONCLUSION)
章節03|結論(CONCLUSION)|資料可視化|蕭裕憲
From the further development of its technical standards, we expect contributions with relevance for different communities, including scholarly, educational, intercultural, casual, and public fields of cultural reasoning and communication. To provide effective and productive interface technologies, the thorough understanding of users’ motives, backgrounds, and cognitive requirements seems indispensable.
從技術標準的進一步發展中,我們期望有助於不同社群的相關貢獻,包括學術、教育、跨文化、休閒和公共文化推理和溝通領域。為了提供有效和高效的界面技術,對用戶動機、背景和認知需求的深入了解似乎是不可或缺的。
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結論(CONCLUSION)
章節03|結論(CONCLUSION)|資料可視化|蕭裕憲
As such, we argue for specifically attentive approaches, where user-centered design practices are guiding the system development, and local data, user, and task diversity is fully taken into account. While conducting this survey, we—as an interdisciplinary team of researchers with roots in different epistemic cultures—experienced once more, how only a patient collective sensemaking process can establish relevant categories and connections, which foster productive reflections between experts for information technologies and humanist thinking.
因此,我們主張採用特別細心的方法,其中以用戶為中心的設計實踐引導系統發展,並充分考慮當地的數據、用戶和任務多樣性。在進行這項調查時,作為具有不同知識文化根源的跨學科研究小組,我們再次體會到,只有通過一個耐心的集體意義生成過程,才能確立相關的類別和聯繫,促進信息技術專家和人文思維專家之間的富有成效的反思。
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結論(CONCLUSION)
章節03|結論(CONCLUSION)|資料可視化|蕭裕憲
We consider visualizations and interfaces to CH data to be contemporary cultural artifacts in their own right. As they become part of our present day collection of instruments to explore, interpret, and communicate the past, we consider them even more so as epistemic objects, which need to be open for interpretation and critique. We hope that the outlined categories and principles can advance this endeavor.
我們認為文化遺產數據的可視化和界面本身就是當代文化的藝術品。當它們成為我們當今用於探索、解釋和溝通過去的工具收藏的一部分時,我們更視它們為知識對象,需要對解釋和批評敞開。我們希望所述的類別和原則能夠推動這一努力。
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結論(CONCLUSION)
章節03|結論(CONCLUSION)|資料可視化|蕭裕憲
At the same time, we want to emphasize the need for more systematic and elaborate evaluations, which have to complement the process of interpretation and critique. It is our impression that such a balanced approach offers the opportunity to further develop and deepen this field of study, and to interconnect a multitude of visualization endeavors as a transdisciplinary research domain.
同時,我們要強調對更系統和精心評估的需求,這必須補充解釋和評估的過程。我們的印象是,這種平衡的方法提供了進一步發展和深化這一研究領域的機會,並將眾多的可視化努力連接為一個跨學科研究領域。
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