ELECTION IN INDIAN DEMOCRACY�
MEANING
UTTARAMERUR INSCRIPTION MENTIONS
KUDAVOLAI SYSTEM UNDER CHOLAS
STRUCTURED LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT DURING CHOLAS
INDIA-LARGEST DEMOCRACY WITH 900 MILLION REGISTERED VOTERS
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��An election is a process of voting wherein the general public decides who all should comprise the governing body to work towards the nation in the representative institutions like the Parliament, Legislative bodies etc. Each citizen of the country can vote after they attain the age of 18 years.�
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Elections to Local Bodies in Tamil Nadu are conducted once in five years to elect the representatives to the Urban and Rural local bodies.[1][2] These elections are conducted by Tamil Nadu State Election Commission[3]
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�IMPORTANCE OF ELECTION�*Choice of leadership: By participating in elections, every citizen can choose their leader by casting a vote in favour of the politician or the political party for that matter. �
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Change of leadership: As the citizens are the ultimate authority in any democracy, they can voice their opinion if they do not like the testaments of the existing government.
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ELECTION LAWS�THE REPRESENTATION OF PEOPLE ACT-1950�THE REPRESENTATION OF PEOPLE ACT-1951�THE DELIMITATION ACT-2002
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��ELECTORAL SYSTEM-TYPES�FIRST – PAST- the –POST(FPTP)�PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION (PR)�MIXED MEMBER PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION (MMPR)�
FIRST – PAST- the –POST(FPTP)�
FPTP�The First Past the Post System is also known as the simple majority system or plurality system. In this voting system, the candidate with the most votes in a constituency is declared elected. Examples of FPTP in India include direct elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.
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Local Body Elections (India) are elections conducted to elect local body representatives in India as per the provisions of 73rd amendment of Constitution of India in states and union territories of the country. State Election commissions conducts these elections as per the procedures laid down in State laws.
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Proportional representation (PR) is achieved by any electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body.[1] The concept applies to representation of political parties and also other divisions of voters.
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The term is used for any of the various electoral systems that produce proportional representation. The aim of such systems is that all votes cast, or at least a large proportion, are used to elect someone and that each representative in an assembly is elected by a roughly equal number of votes, and thus all (or most) votes have equal weight.
Under other election systems, a slight majority in a district – or even just a minority of votes when it forms a plurality – is all that is needed to elect a member or group of members..
MIXED MEMBER PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION�The Mixed Member Proportional Representation (MMPR) system, used in countries like Germany and New Zealand�
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ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA
In 1990, T N Seshan was the person to draft the rules and regulations thoroughly for conducting an election by the Election Commission. �He was the 10th Election Commissioner.�
FUNCTIONS OF ELECTION COMMISSION
*Issue symbols for the respective parties who are participating in the election.�*Recognise the parties for election, be it national, regional, or state.�
*Determine the budget setup for polling processes from polling agents, including food, stationery, and sanitary measures.� The budget is set up to inhibit the influence and vulgarity of excess money. � In case of any illegal practices, they have the power to disqualify the candidate.�Prepare and update the electoral rolls and the voters’ list of the region.�
CONSTITUENCY�A constituency is an area for which someone is elected as the representative. A state is divided into many electoral constituencies for the state assembly on the basis of population. People of each constituency elect their MLAs OR MPs
ELECTORAL ROLL�An electoral roll (variously called an electoral register, voters roll, voters list, poll book or other description) is a compilation that lists citizens who are entitled to vote for particular elections in a particular jurisdiction.
PARTY SYSTEM�*One Party-Eg.China,North Korea,Cuba�*Two party-Eg.USA,UK�*Multi party-India,France,Israel
ONE PARTY SYSTEM�A one-party system is a political structure where only one political party has the legal right to form the government, with other parties often banned or strictly controlled.
TWO PARTY SYSTEM�A two-party system is a political structure where two major parties dominate elections and alternate control of the government, though minor parties may exist.
MULTI PARTY SYSTEM�A multi-party system is a political setup where more than two parties hold the capacity to gain control of government, often requiring coalitions
ANTI DEFECTION LAWS�The Anti-Defection Law in India, added via the 52nd Amendment (1985) as the Tenth Schedule, prevents MPs and MLAs from switching parties for personal gain, aiming to ensure stability.
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It disqualifies members who voluntarily leave their party or vote against the party whip, with decisions made by the Speaker.
TYPES OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN INDIA�*NATIONAL PARTIES(ALL INDIA PARTIES�*STATE PARTIES(REGIONAL PARTIES)
CRITERIA FOR BEING A NATIONAL PARTY�A national party in India is recognized by the Election Commission if it fulfills one of three criteria: winning 2% of Lok Sabha seats across at least three states, polling 6% of votes in four+ states plus winning four Lok Sabha seats�Eg.BJP,INC
CRITERIA FOR BEING A STATE PARTY�Secures 6% of votes and 2 seats in an assembly election�Eg.DMK,AIADMK
NEED FOR ANTI DEFECTION METHODS IN INDIA
Political Stability: It stops the frequent toppling of governments by preventing individuals from shifting alliances, ensuring the government can complete its term.�Party Discipline: It ensures that members vote according to their party's instructions (whip), allowing for consistent policy-making.��