Antifouling coatings�Snake oil & commercial secrets
Patrick Cahill
A challenging problem…
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-023-00370-5
A challenging problem…
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2007.01.017
….for the ages
Modern antifouling approaches
https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB00232J
Biocide-based coatings
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2435756
Organic primary biocide
Organic booster biocide
Metallic primary biocides
Organic booster biocides
Metallic primary biocides
Organic booster biocide
Biocide-based coatings
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2007.01.017
Biocide-based coatings
Biocide-based coatings
Silicone-based foul-release
https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB00232J
Fluorine-based foul-release
https://doi.org/10.1021/cr200350v
PEG-based attachment prevention
https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB00232J
Hybrid foul-release
https://doi.org/10.1021/cr200350v
Some commercial foul-release
https://doi.org/10.1021/cr200350v
Primers and tie coats
https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB00232J
Making sense of the options
Type | Sub-type | Relative cost | Lifespan | Vessel speed | Minimum operational profile |
Biocidal | Soluble-matrix | Low | 12 – 24 months | 1 – 30 knots | Sporadic use |
Self-polishing co-polymer | Medium | 12 – 36 months | 1 – 30 knots | Sporadic use | |
Insoluble-matrix/hard | Low | 12 – 18 months | >10 knots | Sporadic use | |
Foul release | Silicone-based | High | 24 – 60 months | >15 knots | Regular use |
Fluoropolymer-based | High | 24 – 180 months | >10 knots | Regular use | |
Other | Prevention (bubbles, UV) | Medium | Indefinite | Any | Any |
Regular cleaning | Low-Medium | Indefinite | Any | Any |
Labels and MSDS
Labels and MSDS
Primary biocide
Soluble matrix
Booster biocide
Solvents
Some emerging technologies
Further reading
Almeida, E., Diamantino, T. C., & De Sousa, O. (2007). Marine paints: the particular case of antifouling paints. Progress in Organic Coatings, 59(1), 2-20.
NZ EPA (2013). Application for the Reassessment of a Group of Hazardous Substances under Section 63 of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 26 June 2013. https://www.epa.govt.nz/assets/FileAPI/hsno-ar/APP201051/720402e41b/APP201051-APP201051-Decision-Final.pdf
Lejars, M., Margaillan, A., & Bressy, C. (2012). Fouling release coatings: a nontoxic alternative to biocidal antifouling coatings. Chemical Reviews, 112(8), 4347-4390.
Nurioglu, A. G., & Esteves, A. C. C. (2015). Non-toxic, non-biocide-release antifouling coatings based on molecular structure design for marine applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 3(32), 6547-6570.
Cahill, P. L., Moodie, L. W., Hertzer, C., Pinori, E., Pavia, H., Hellio, C., & Svenson, J. (2024). Creating new antifoulants using the tools and tactics of medicinal chemistry. Accounts of Chemical Research, 57(3), 399-412.
Questions?