Y-PLAN

K-12 Lesson Slides

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Y-PLAN Roadmap for Change

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Y-PLAN

Survey

Project

Question

Project

Client

What We Bring to the Table

Post-Module Reflection

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Start Up

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Link Pre-Survey for Students here

Please fill out this Y-PLAN Survey.

Click the link below.

Y-PLAN Survey

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Y-PLAN Project Question

Insert Project Question here

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What questions do you have about the project topic or question?

Think of 3 questions.

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Y-PLAN Project Client

Insert name of Project Client here. Link their website here if available.

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Include photo/logo and information about our partner agency.

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What We Bring to the Table

What skills, talents, or special knowledge do you bring to “the table”?

Each of you brings unique strengths and expertise to this project. List the qualities you are bringing below.

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Post-Module Reflection

Write 3 take-aways or a reflection you have about this module.

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Youth- Plan, Learn, Act, Now

1.1

• Bring young people and schools into the heart of city planning and community change
• Develop college and career readiness (UC Berkeley)
• Join a regional and global network of Y-PLAN alumni and civic partners across CA to Japan and beyond

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What is Y-PLAN?

Warm Up

Discussion Questions:

• Are there things about my peers that I am not aware of?
• How are my daily experiences different from my peers?

5 mins

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What is Y-PLAN?

Lesson Preview

10 mins

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What is Y-PLAN?

Terms & Concepts

10 mins

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What is Y-PLAN?

Activity

Y-PLAN Bingo

10 mins

Directions:

• Y-PLAN Bingo is similar to regular bingo but, instead of numbers, we use facts about ourselves.
• To win, you must get a classmate’s signature for each of the questions below.
• Once your sheet is filled, yell “Bingo!” No one can sign your sheet more than once.

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What is Y-PLAN?

Discussion

10 mins

Share Out:

• Winners describe three highlights of interesting things they learned about other people. Invite 1-2 additional students to share one thing that surprised them.

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Y-PLAN 5 Step Methodology

1.1

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1.1

Y-PLAN SURVEY Link

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[Insert link to Pre-Survey here]

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Project Question

1.2

What are the elements of a healthy, vibrant, and resilient community?

Let’s begin to understand the problem we are trying to solve with this project.

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Project Question

1.2

Insert Project Question Here

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Meet the Client

1.2

Let’s discuss with our Client:

1. How is my everyday experience connected to larger issues in my community, region, nation, or world?
2. How does the built environment (people-made structures and design) create opportunity and/or inequality in communities?

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Insert Project Client Here

1.2

• Include photo and information about agency

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Google Meet

Google Hangouts/Meet are free video communication programs that connect users online.

• Engages students with project clients in real-time
• No app download required. Accessible via web link.
• Included in G Suite
• Flexible across devices
• Students can use free version and use the mobile app

Features:

• Live captioning
• Screen sharing
• Unlimited meetings (up to 100 participants)
• Video/Audio Conferencing

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What We Bring to the Table

1.3

In a community of practice…

• a group of diverse people with different experiences and strengths come together to find answers and solutions to a problem.
• traditional ideas of “expertise” are challenged, as everyone brings specific and important knowledge to the table.

Communities of Practice

share a common interest and a desire to learn from each other and to work together over time to bring about transformative change

For example:

• Teammates on a sports team contributing different skills to win together
• Software engineers, graphic designers, artists, and business people coming together to create and market a new video game

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What We Bring to the Table

1.3

The “table” is where decisions are made.

What skills, talents, or special knowledge do you bring to this project?

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Each of you brings strengths, skills, and expertise. Share what you bring

in small groups.

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Jamboard

JAMBOARD is a digital whiteboard that allows teams to sketch out ideas

• Allows for real-time brainstorming
• Teams could collaborate to organize their ideas and create a roadmap
• Accessible across devices

Features:

• Ability to add digital sticky notes, text, and images
• Image recognition technology that converts your sketch into a polished image
• Search Google and insert images or webpages

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Self-Exploration Survey

16 Personalities is a free online personality quiz.

• Helpful for identifying one’s own strengths and weaknesses
• Also helpful for understanding others
• Available in Multiple Languages

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Features:

• Discover:
• Strengths, Weaknesses
• Friendships
• Career Paths
• Workplace Habits
• And more

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Mind

Mapping

SWOT

Analysis

Telling the

Story

Survey Development

Post-Module Reflection

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Making Sense of the City

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Site Mapping

Warm Up

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Site Mapping

Lesson Preview

5 mins

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Site Mapping

Terms & Concepts

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Site Mapping

Activity

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Site Mapping

Discussion

5 mins

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OR link your work here!

Freely draw from memory a map of the project site or your surrounding neighborhood.

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Other Options:

• Draw a digital map
• Mark up a photo
• Annotate a Google

Maps screenshot

Mind Mapping

Insert your

Mind Map

Here

Reflect briefly on the area included in your map. What type of experiences have you had in this area?

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OR link your work here!

SWOT Analysis

Complete this table on the project site.

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OR link your work here!

Telling the Story

Begin to collect evidence on the current conditions (facts, photos, data, or quotes).

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mdVWbuffdNY

Likert scale-based customer survey questions are typically used to assess the following

Satisfaction

From ‘delighted’ to ‘frustrated’ with options in between

Importance

From ‘essential’ to ‘unimportant’

Quality

From ‘extremely high’ to ‘very poor’

Frequency

From ‘often’ to ‘never’

Likelihood

From ‘definitely’ to ‘never’

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Link your Survey here

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Survey Development

Brainstorm demographic and non-demographic survey questions you want to ask about the project. Make sure you have at least one multiple choice, one likert scale, and one open response question.

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LINK TO EXAMPLE AND USE SCREENSHOTS

Here are some Likert scale examples for surveys.

Examples

How satisfied were you with your in-store experience?

Delighted

Satisfied

Not satisfied at all / frustrated

[Brand / organization] invests time and money to keep employees updated with technology.

Strongly agree

Agree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

What was your level of satisfaction with our product(s) (or service)?

Extremely satisfied

Very satisfied

Slightly dissatisfied

Not satisfied at all

The online store checkout process was straightforward.

Strongly agree

Agree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

How likely are you to recommend this product / service to friends and family?

Very likely

Likely

Not likely

Very unlikely

Please tell us how important it is for us to provide 24/7 customer service.

Essential

Important

Low importance

Not important

The user-manual provided clear guidance in how to install and setup the application.

Completely agree

Mostly agree

Slightly disagree

Completely disagree

It was easy to navigate the website to find what I was looking for.

Strongly agree

Agree

Disagree

Strongly disagree.

Please tell us how important the new features added to [product] are to you.

Highly important.

Moderately important

Low importance

Not important at all

How helpful are the instruction videos provided from our website?

Extremely helpful

Somewhat helpful

Not very helpful

Not helpful at all

How satisfied were you with our new menu?

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Very satisfied

Reasonably satisfied

Slightly dissatisfied

Very dissatisfied.

To what extent did our customer service team meet your expectations?

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Significantly exceeded expectations

Met expectations

Did not meet expectations

How would you rate your recent customer service call?

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Exceptional

Good

Fair

Poor

The conference speakers were knowledgeable and informative.

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Strongly agree

Agree

Slightly disagree

Totally disagree

How often do you seek assistance from customer support?

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Very frequently

Occasionally

Rarely

Never

The product is manufactured from high quality components and materials.

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Strongly agree

Agree

Partially disagree

Totally disagree

I will buy this product (use this service) again in the future.

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Very likely

Likely

Unlikely

Very unlikely

What do you think about our online prices?

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Very happy

Happy

Not very happy

Not happy at all

How important are the prices of our products to you?

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Very important

Important

Low importance

Not important at all

How important is the product warranty to you?

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Very important

Important

Low importance

Not important at all

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Link your Survey here

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Survey Development

Brainstorm demographic and non-demographic survey questions you want to ask about the project. Make sure you have at least one multiple choice, one likert scale, and one open response question.

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Survey Development

Brainstorm demographic and non-demographic survey questions you want to ask about the project. Make sure you have at least one multiple choice, one likert scale, and one open response question.

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

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Post-Module Reflection

Write 3 take-aways or a reflection you have about this module.

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2.1

Objectives | Students will be able to…

• Create a “mind-map” of their neighborhood
• Identify positive and negative place-based/built-environment factors that impact their everyday lives
• Identify the purpose and value of mapping as a professional tool
• Define key terms: “Asset” and “Challenge”

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Mind Mapping

2.1

Mind Mapping asks student to freely draw—from memory—a quick map of the project site or their surrounding neighborhood. This allows students to visually represent the space around them and convey their experience using mapping tools.

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Options

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1. Draw a map
2. Mark up a photo
3. Annotate a Google Maps Screenshot
4. Upload your work to Google Classroom when you’re done

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Mind Mapping

2.1

Share your thoughts about areas of your map that you feel are good or bad (“assets” or “challenges”) in relation to your project question.

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Google Maps/ArcGIS

are great mapping tools to learn more about the city and gather information.

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• Street view is a great way to get acquainted with the city from a realistic perspective.
• Maps provide essential data on the city.
• In city planning, it is crucial to understand a city’s context to make an effective impact on its residents.

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Features:

• Satellite view of cities
• Spatial data, Map making (ArcGIS)
• Street view and Real-time data on conditions

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Local Ground

UC Berkeley Mapping Tool

• Local Ground is similar to Google Maps - but more private. It offers street view and is a great way to get acquainted with one’s city from a realistic perspective.
• Maps provide essential data on the city.
• In city planning, it is crucial to understand a city’s context to make an effective impact on its residents.

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Features:

• Satellite view of cities
• Spatial data, Map making (ArcGIS)
• Street view and Real-time data on conditions (Google Maps)

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SWOT Analysis

2.2

Getting acquainted with the neighborhood through digital mapping tools is important to begin to understand the local issues.

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• With mapping, a SWOT (Strengths - Weaknesses - Opportunities - Threats) analysis can be conducted to begin to identify local issues.

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SWOT Analysis created by students at Skyline High School

Digital SWOT Analysis

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SWOT Analysis

2.2

Fill this in using Google Docs

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Jamboard

is a digital whiteboard that allows teams to sketch out ideas.

• Allows for real-time brainstorming.
• Teams could collaborate to organize their ideas and create a roadmap.
• Accessible across devices.
• Available within the G-Suite.

Features:

• Add digital sticky notes, text, and images
• Image recognition technology that converts your sketch into a polished image
• Search Google and insert images or webpages

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Telling the Story

2.3

Using an actual map, or a hand drawn map, highlight the physical locations your class is observing.

• Include special places, important landmarks, where people are in action, green spaces, open space, buildings, and other activities.

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Also note places where there are

strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

to be addressed in your team’s proposals for the future.

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Telling the Story

2.3

All of these materials can be updated to suit your needs! Simply make a copy of each file and adjust accordingly.

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• Lesson Plan

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• Student Activity Handout

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• In-Class Slides

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Telling the Story

2.3

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YouTube

is a video-sharing platform in which users can watch, like, share, and upload videos.

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• Students can do video research on the city and area in question.
• Many informational videos are available.

Features:

• Viewing videos of the area
• Uploading videos and vlogs
• Quick Q&A in the comments area

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Survey Development

2.4

Surveying is a great way to discover what a large number of people think about a particular issue or how a group of people report their behavior. Surveys can be done on a large range of topics and can be conducted relatively easily.

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Survey Development

2.4

Add in In-Class Slides: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1kO6q1VHOJK7HIBNetauL6sbwxM60yWLG?usp=sharing

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Survey Development

2.4

YOUR TURN: Now use the chat to propose one of each type of survey questions to gather information for your proposal!

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Google Form

is included in the Google Drive office suite and can be used as a survey administration tool.

• Collected survey data populates a Google spreadsheet which can be analyzed.
• No special software required; accessible through a web browser on any device.
• Participants could access and complete the survey across a variety of devices.

Features:

• Multiple choice, short answer, long answer, & check box questions
• Add images & videos
• Customize form layout & theme
• Share surveys by sending a link

How to Use G-Forms

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Kahoot

is a game-based learning platform that allows users to create and participate/“compete” in games as individuals or teams.

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• Teams of students can create games and develop questions to access knowledge.
• It is flexible across devices (laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc.).
• It encourages teamwork among participants.
• You could host Kahoot games via video.

Features:

• Create multiple choice or T/F questions in minutes
• Visual reports with insights in class progress
• Share games w/ other users

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Poll Everywhere

is a web-based audience response system that allows users to embed interactive activities directly into a presentation.

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• Students respond simultaneously from the privacy of their devices.
• Gives shy or reluctant students a way to respond freely alongside their peers.
• All students have an opportunity to be heard.

Features:

• Customize interactive polls
• Participants could respond via web or SMS texting
• Mobile app available

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Inspiration

Gather Inspiration

Survey

Results

Constraints

Our Plan

Post-Module Reflection

Charrette

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Into Action

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Finding Inspiration

Warm Up

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Finding Inspiration

Lesson Preview

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Finding Inspiration

Terms & Concepts

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Finding Inspiration

Activity

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Finding Inspiration

Discussion

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Inspiration

Spend time writing characteristics that describe what you like about each example. Take notes, sketch, and think about how and why these ideas might be applied to our own project site. Use a chart to organize your notes.

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OR link your Pinterest board!

Gather Inspiration

Paste a screenshot of an item of inspiration.

Paste your screenshot here

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[Insert Project Question here]

Type your ideas here.

OR link your work here!

Charrette

Remember our Y-PLAN Project Question

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What is needed? What is desired?

What can be done now?

Dreams and visions for the future?

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Link your Survey Data here

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Survey Results

Showcase your survey results here or include link to your Google Form data.

Paste your screenshot here

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Constraints

The social, environmental, and fiscal or monetary impacts of a proposal are important to consider!

For every solution or idea you have, there might be CONSTRAINTS or BENEFITS that come with it.

Take time to identify these impacts for your team’s top ideas. Decide which components you want the project clients to focus on first, rank the ideas based on their +/- impacts.

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Link your team’s Sloppy Copy here

Insert link to Google Doc with your information here

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Our Plan for Change

Use this diagram as a guide for planning and starting to assemble the components to include in slides sets or digital boards. You might find it helpful to first gather information on a Google Document with your team.

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While you may vary the exact placement of each part of the presentation, the final project must include most of these elements to be complete.

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Your final visual display should be clear and well organized, creative, and demonstrate evidence and critical thinking.

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Most importantly, it should express the freshness and unique perspective from youth.

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PROPOSAL IDEA

TITLE

Team Members

Maps + Photos

Short Term + Long Term Goals

Benefits vs. Constraints

Survey

DATA

SWOT

Interview Quotes

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Post-Module Reflection

Write 3 take-aways or a reflection you have about this module.

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Inspiration

3.1

Think about a place you enjoy.

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What are key features or

elements that you like?

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We’ll discuss key features

that create a “just and

joyful” community.

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How can the “built environment” be designed to support safe, welcoming places for everyone?

Check out Y-PLAN’s Urban Inspiration Digital Tour (Simple Version). As well as other examples of urban design strategies. And see “before and after” examples of street designs. And check out CityLab to see what others are doing around the world.

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Inspiration

3.1

After reviewing the Urban Inspiration Tour, we can see examples of vibrant urban spaces and design elements that inspire us to envision new possibilities for our project.

Spend time writing down characteristics that describe what makes this a great, or not so great, space.

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Take notes, sketch, and think about how and why these ideas might be applied to our own project site. Use a chart to organize your notes.

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Pinterest

is a social media service that allows users to share images.

• It’s a great way to create mood boards and pull inspiration.
• It is easy to organize and share ideas with collaborators.
• It can be used to gather precedents for final projects.

Features:

• Create boards to collect ideas
• Invite people to collaborate on boards
• Hundreds of thousands of images and ideas to pull from
• Free to sign up and start looking for inspiration

MODULE 3 | Tech Options

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Charrette

3.2

GOAL:

Generate imaginative solutions to our project problem, and represent these ideas in a visual and digital form.

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Steps for Students:

1. Establish Goals

2. Identify Issues, Needs, and Priorities

3. Review Sources of Data and Inspiration

4. Get creative!

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Charrette

3.2

Remember our Y-PLAN Project Question [insert here]

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We have done research and gathered inspiration.

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Now it’s time to work in teams to generate our own dreams, visions and solutions for our project question.

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What is needed? What is desired?

What can be done now?

Dreams and visions for the future?

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Google Drawing

is an integrated suite of secure collaboration and productivity apps.

• Allows for real-time collaboration.
• Easy to share and edit drawings with others.
• Good for initial brainstorm “sloppy copy” and designing.

Features:

• Free!
• Real-time collaboration
• Good for making flow charts, organizational charts, basic diagrams and drawings
• User-friendly interface

MODULE 3 | Tech Options

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Constraints

3.3

• How does the built environment (people-made structures and design) structure opportunity and inequality in communities?

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• How can physical buildings and public spaces be designed to support and encourage positive social interactions and relationships to create safe, welcoming places for everyone?

Together, each team will identify the potential constraints and benefits associated with your initial recommendation.

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Elements of constraints and benefits can include, but are not limited to:

• Fiscal costs like resources needed, operating and construction costs
• Personnel and professionals needed
• Community engagement and public need
• Public safety and appearance
• Health and environmental equity

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Constraints: Considering Decision “Trade-offs”

3.3

For every solution or idea you have / your team has, there might be both BENEFITS and COSTS (pros and cons) that come with it. Take time to identify these impacts for your team’s top ideas. Decide which components you want the Project Clients to focus on first, rank the ideas based on their +/- impacts.

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Nearpod

is a student engagement platform that has variety of functions.

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• Can be used across multiple devices.
• Create quizzes, polls, videos, images, drawing boards, and more in presentations.

Features:

• Sharing Digital Media/Artwork
• Collaborative Boards
• Online Live Polling
• Multiple platforms for synchronized group activity

MODULE 3 | Tech Options

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Our Plan

3.4

Our goal is to create a professional digital poster, cohesive slide set, or website to provide solutions to our project question. Students will present their poster or slides to a panel of stakeholders.

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Make sure to include:

• Research Process, Evidence, and Proposals, specifically the following questions:
• What is the challenge? What is your solution(s)?
• Why is the challenge important to address?
• Where do these challenges exist? (Site Mapping)
• How will you accomplish your proposal?
• Who are the members of your community of practice to support the proposal moving forward? (Community of Practice)
• When will each activity of the project take place?

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Our Plan

3.4

Use this diagram as a guide for planning and starting to assemble the pieces of your final display or slides sets.

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While you may vary the exact placement of each part of the presentation, the display must include most of these elements to be complete.

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Your final visual display should be clear, well organized, creative, show evidence, and demonstrate critical thinking.

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Most importantly, it should express your unique and fresh perspective.

MODULE 3 | Activity

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

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Post-Module Reflection

Desk Crits

Prepare to Present

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Going Public

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Desk Critique

Warm Up

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Desk Critique

Lesson Preview

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Desk Critique

Terms & Concepts

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Desk Critique

Activity

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Desk Critique

Discussion

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Desk Critique Feedback

Record your comments and notes from the desk crit feedback session here.

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Presentation Checklist

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• All slide(s) are complete, readable, and free from typos.
• All presenters know their role(s). Students should present materials they are comfortable with to showcase their strengths and knowledge.
• Prepare note cards for public speaking.
• Practice, practice, practice. Rehearse several times: by yourself, in front of a mirror, in front of a classmate, friend, teacher, or family member.
• Make sure you understand presentation schedule.
• Double check all equipment and technology (including Zoom) to make sure it works as expected.

Prepare

Check the boxes once you’re done!

(Copy + Paste the Checkmark)

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Post-Module Reflection

Write 3 take-aways or a reflection you have about this module.

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Desk Crit

4.1

A “desk crit” is a critique of student work delivered right at their desk by an expert in the field. They are common practice in the education of design professions such as architecture and planning.

In Y-PLAN Desk Crits:

1. Outside professionals will join the class.
2. You can begin with an ice breaker such as the “Bingo” game provided.
3. Put students into groups or break out rooms by teams with at least one adult.
4. Students will share working proposals and ideas with professionals.
5. Adults will offer feedback.

MODULE 4 |

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Desk Crit

4.1

A “desk crit” is a critique of student work delivered right at their desk by an expert in the field. They are common practice in the education of design professions such as architecture and planning.

In Y-PLAN Desk Crits:

• Outside professionals will join the class.
• You can begin with an ice breaker such as the “Bingo” game provided.
• Put students into groups or break out rooms by teams with at least one adult.
• Students will share working proposals and ideas with professionals.
• Adults will offer feedback.

MODULE 4 |

4

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Desk Crit BINGO

4.1

Get to know our guests! Place a circle with your initials over boxes that apply to you. Students use green, adults use orange.

MODULE 4 | Activity

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Social Media Platforms

such as Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, are designed to share content quickly, efficiently, and in real-time.

• Two-way information sharing
• Can reach large audiences
• Resonates with youth
• Raise awareness and drive interest in your topic
• Collect feedback/responses

Features:

• Video, voice, and text commenting
• Upload images, slides, videos, or PDFs
• Accessible across devices

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MODULE 4 | Tech Options

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

LinkedIn

is a business service that creates professional networks.

• Great way to stay connected (with your community of practice)
• Expands students’ social networks
• Continued engagement with relevant topic

Features:

• Job-searching
• Professional Networking & Messaging
• Publishing findings/articles/posts
• Learning - hundreds of courses

MODULE 4 | Tech Options

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Prepare to Present

4.2

The presentation you prepare now will display all your hard work so far, as you present your recommendations to civic partners and stakeholders who genuinely want to hear what you have to say. It is extremely important to be well prepared. Below is a checklist to help guide the preparations.

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Students prepare by...

1. Creating Google Slides to guide their presentation.
2. Planning and rehearsing talking points, presentation, and order.
3. Practicing responding critically and thoughtfully to diverse perspectives.��

Teachers prepare by...

• Reserve space or confirm Zoom link accessible by all participants.
• Send confirmation email invitations with date, time, and Zoom links or location details to panelists and other invited guests.

MODULE 4 |

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Prepare

4.2

Presentation Checklist

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• All slide(s) are complete, readable, and free from typos.
• All presenters know their role(s). Students should present materials they are comfortable with to showcase their strengths and knowledge.
• Prepare note cards for public speaking.
• Practice, practice, practice. Rehearse several times: by yourself, in front of a mirror, in front of a classmate, friend, teacher, or family member.
• Make sure you understand the presentation schedule.
• Double check all equipment and technology (including Zoom, mic, camera) to make sure it works as expected.

MODULE 4 | Activity

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Prezi

is a presentation software that uses motion, zoom, and spatial relationships to bring ideas to life

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• Emphasize ideas by panning and zooming to various parts of the presentation using Prezi’s features.
• No special software required; accessible through a web browser.
• Collaborate and access presentations across devices.

Features:

• Include images, text, and videos
• Collection of templates available
• Ability to import PowerPoint slides
• Group editing
• Voice-over
• Activity Tracking

MODULE 4 | Tech Options

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Google Slide

is a web-based slide deck that is offered by within the Google Drive service.

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• Allows for real-time collaboration with the ability to share documents in seconds.
• Offers options for providing feedback such as commenting and suggesting mode.
• Accessible across devices.

Features:

• Include images, text, and videos
• Collection of templates available
• Ability to import PowerPoint slides
• Group editing
• Voice-over
• Activity Tracking

MODULE 4 | Tech Options

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Presentation

4.3

After preparing for the public presentation:

• Set up and rehearse in the meeting space if possible (Zoom, City Hall, etc.)
• Coordinate timing (and transportation if in person) to allow time for practice and final questions
• Use Zoom’s waiting room, or invite community members to sign-in in person.
• Open the waiting room or usher people to seats
• Facilitator/Instructor welcomes everyone
• STUDENTS PRESENT
• Panelists provide feedback and ask questions/engage students in dialogue around next-steps and plans for implementation.
• Students respond, and are encouraged to ask questions to the panel.
• Facilitator/Instructor offers closing remarks.

MODULE 4 |

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Photovoice

is a qualitative method used in community-based participatory research to document and reflect.

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• Engage community members, stakeholders, policy makers with a call-to-action developed by young people.
• Allows people of all ages to create narratives

through images.

• Establish opportunities to share major themes

of their project.

Features:

• Participatory Method
• Incorporate photography
• Tell stories about the photos that might otherwise be hard to describe with words alone
• Flexible in adopting to community’s needs

MODULE 4 | Tech Options

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Making a Professional Urban Planning Poster

What is the purpose of a poster?

What is the purpose of a poster?

What is the purpose of a poster?

What is the purpose of a poster?

To communicate your ideas

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To get others interested

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To visually and artistically represent your work

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Lessons from Bad Posters

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Lessons from Bad Posters

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Hard to read and understand title

Strange picture, unclear what the point is

Too much text, feels like reading a book

Dark background and colors makes it hard to read

Headings are boring and don’t draw in the viewer

Lessons from Great Posters

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Lessons from Great Posters

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Large, clear headings

Mix of images and text

Analysis and Recommendation sections are clear and labeled

More images and posters where needed for context

Project question is clear and visible

S.W.O.T is highlighted

Lessons from great posters

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Y-PLAN Poster Guidelines

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Y-PLAN Poster Guidelines

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Y-PLAN Poster Guidelines

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Y-PLAN Poster Guidelines

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Y-PLAN Poster Guidelines

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Make sure your poster…

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• Has been checked for spelling & grammar

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• Text is easily read from 5 feet away

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• Displays your research + recommendations

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• Is visually appealing, neat and professional

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General Preparation Tips

1. Have a short & long version of your presentation (back-up plan if you have less time than anticipated)
2. Your personal experience & perspective makes you an expert, even if you don’t have all the answers.
3. Remember that your voice and power are just as valuable as the adults in the room. Don’t be afraid to challenge top-down power structures and authority.

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General Presentation Tips

1. It’s okay to pause and think through your thoughts as you present or answer questions; no need to rush.
2. Most people fear public speaking, so you’re not alone if you feel nervous. Breathing exercises and mindfulness techniques can help you feel grounded and overcome nerves!

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Quantitative Data

(Numbers)

1. Be intentional with the type of visual you use to display your data.

2. Write titles or headings that make clear the main point of the graph / data visual.

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• Instead of asking your audience to interpret the data visual themselves, write out the key message (the “so what?”) you want them to understand.
• EXAMPLE: This map does a good job of summarizing its most important points, that COVID-19 is disproportionately impacting Latinx and East Oakland groups.

Qualitative Data

(Experiences + Perspectives)

1. Choose powerful quotes from interviews or survey comments to pull out / highlight in your presentation.

Examples:

“...overall, the survey gave me an opportunity to feel included in the planning process…” - A.B

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“If it were up to me, I’d keep the residential buildings and rebuild the surrounding infrastructure like roads and public parks.” - C.D

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“By widening the road, students will struggle more with traffic and delays. I believe we should prioritize increasing the sidewalk width, not the roadway.” - Aaron

Purpose:

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• Focus quotes on content that aligns with the purpose of the study.
• Paraphrase when necessary to clarify a statement; however, don’t rewrite the data in a way that loses participants’ voices.
• Use initials or pseudonymous to maintain people’s privacy and confidentiality.

2. Create a word cloud to showcase main themes or findings from your data.

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• A word cloud is an image made of words of different sizes that together resemble a cloud shape.
• They display the most commonly repeated words or phrases you found in all your interviews or surveys.
• Bigger words / phrases in the cloud were mentioned more often. Smaller ones were mentioned less frequently.

Presentation & Formatting Tips

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Agenda/Overview

1. General Presentation Tips
2. Key Components to Cover
3. Formating
1. Slides With Text
2. Slides With Images
4. Citations
5. Presenting Tips
6. Practice Tips

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General Presentation Tips

• Introduce yourselves!!
• Start with an agenda (overview)
• What key points are being addressed?
• What is the overall structure of your presentation?
• Dive into your analysis/argument by addressing each of the key points
• Include evidence
• How is the evidence relevant to your argument?
• What are the tradeoffs (pros and cons)?
• End with a summary of your argument and make it memorable (drop the mic)!
• Thank audience for listening and ask for any questions, comments, or concerns

Key Components to Cover

• Challenge: Introduce the project, the client question, and the site
• What is the challenge and why is it important?
• Research: Describe the Y-PLAN Process. How did you conduct research?
• Findings: What evidence did you collect? What did you learn?
• Proposal: Your team’s proposed solutions, fresh ideas, and visions for the future actions.
• Actions: How will you accomplish your proposal?
• What resources are needed?
• When will each activity take place?
• Who are the members of your community of practice to support the proposal moving forward
• What did YOU learn? What did you learn as a student from this process? What are your next steps?

Formatting: Slides With Text

Slide with too much text!

Project Scope:

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While graduation rates have been improving, we are still seeing a large percentage of students graduate ineligible for a UC or CSU, particularly Black, Latinx, and Pacific Islander students. Eligibility for UC or CSU requires students to complete a series of approved courses with a “C” or higher, which is also referred to as being “A-G eligible.” The Oakland Unified School District Board of Directors is looking for recommendations from students as to how to improve the percentage of students who are graduating A-G eligible. These recommendations might include things that families, students, teachers, counselors, district leaders, and UC/CSU can do.

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Project Components:

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• Learn Background Information & Meet the Client
• Site Visit - UC or CSU or Peralta college visit with a specific focus on talking to admissions officers, Black and Latinx organizations on campus, etc. Back-up idea: Virtual panel with other OUSD high schools with strong A-G completion rates (and no D policies).
• Survey & Interview Local Stakeholders (e.g. student peers, alumni, family members, teachers)
• Analyze Survey/Interview Data
• Develop Policy Recommendations

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Formatting: Slides With Text

Ideal Slide

• Find an image/quote/icon that will help you remember/support what you have to say
• Use bullet points to highlight the main ideas of your slide content

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Thank you!

…QUESTIONS?

Graphics credits: Juan Pablo Bravo, Oliviu Stoian, Gregor Cresnar (noun project), Pratt, ESKW (boards)

Examples of BAD QUALITY Posters

the slides following here are examples for students to review and discuss why they are good or BAD?

Graphics credits: Juan Pablo Bravo, Oliviu Stoian, Gregor Cresnar (noun project), Pratt, ESKW (boards)

Making Public Presentations

Hi! My name is Kate and today I’m going to talk about making presentations. �On April 4 and 5^th, some of you will be presenting your final projects to a large room of other students, civic agencies, teachers, and others. So today we are going to think about what makes a good presentation and how you can start planning your presentations. I’m sure you all have come up with really great ideas so this is a good way to share them.

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Presentations

Some thongs I like about presentotions:�

• When its interesting subject matter
• When it doesn’t go on too long
• When the presenter is interesting
• I like when the pictures are nice
• I like when you get to ask questions at the end
• I like when there are movies
• I like when there is free food
• I like when they bring examples
• Teach me something new that I don’t know
• Don’t use words I’m not familiar with
• Etc. etc. etc.
• Oh yeah I also think presenters should have more audience engagement

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PowerPoint presentation

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Double

Bottom Line

What We Brought

to the Table

Letter to Client

College Essay

Post-Module Reflection

Module 5

Looking Forward and Back

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Activating Dual Outcomes

Warm Up

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Activating Dual Outcomes

Lesson Preview

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Activating Dual Outcomes

Terms & Concepts

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Activating Dual Outcomes

Activity

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Activating Dual Outcomes

Discussion

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Letter to Client

Create a Google Doc and link it here. Think about your Y-PLAN experience, and write a letter to your client about the following:

• What are 3 things you learned?
• What were the greatest challenges?
• What are some new questions you have?
• How do you plan to stay involved?
• What are 3 action steps to take?

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Look back on “What We Bring to the Table” here

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What We Brought to the Table

Refer back to your answers to the ‘What We Bring to the Table Activity’, answer the following questions after reflecting on your previous answers:

• What did I learn?
• What did you bring to the table?

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

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Double Bottom Line

Planning for Yourself: �How do you aspire to continue to grow and develop your abilities to prepare for college and career? What did you learn?

Planning for Your Community: �What are your plans for continuing to build a healthy, sustainable and joyful community?

What do youth bring to the table?

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

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Insert link to your

Google Doc here

College Essay

Directions

Below are two of the eight prompts from the full UC Berkeley application. On your application, you would respond to four of the eight. For this assignment, choose one and craft your response. As with the full application, limit your response to 350 words.

• Describe an example of your leadership experience in which you have positively influenced others, helped resolve disputes or contributed to group efforts over time.
• What have you done to make your school or your community a better place?

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

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Post-Module Reflection

Write 3 take-aways or a reflection you have about this module.

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© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Letter to Client

5.1

• Students will write letters to the client or adult ally addressing the following points. The client in turn will write a letter to students as part of the reciprocal learning experience.
• We recommend using Google Docs for this assignment. It allows students to work in groups and/or to review each other’s letters, as desired. Create a google doc in advance called “Client Letter,” share it view only with students, and have them make a copy to create their own letters.

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1. What are 3 things you learned?
2. What were the greatest challenges/roadblocks?
3. What are some new questions you have?
4. How do you plan to stay involved?
5. What are 3 action steps to take?

MODULE 5 |

5

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Letter to Client

5.1

1. Open the Client Letter Google Doc your teacher shared.
2. Make a copy.
3. Add your name to the title so you teacher knows it is yours.
4. Think about Y-PLAN experience, and write a letter to your client in this Google Doc addressing the following points:
1. What are 3 things you learned?
2. What were the greatest challenges?
3. What are some new questions you have?
4. How do you plan to stay involved?
5. What are 3 action steps to take?

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MODULE 5 | Activity

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Google Docs

is a web-based word processor that is offered by within the Google Drive service.

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• Allows for real-time collaboration with the ability to share documents in seconds.
• Offers options for providing feedback such as commenting and suggesting mode.
• Accessible across devices.

Features:

• Offline mode
• History of changes
• Auto saving
• Voice typing

• Templates
• Table of contents sidebar
• Research Tool

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MODULE 5 | Tech Options

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

College Essay

5.2

The college admissions essay is one of the most important components of the college application and gives students the opportunity to highlight what makes them unique. Often, admissions committees are interested in learning about the ways students have demonstrated leadership in their school and community.

This lesson offer students the opportunity to reflect on the Y-PLAN experience while drafting responses to the UC Berkeley personal insight questions or another prompt of your choice.

MODULE 5 |

5

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

College Essay

5.2

UC Berkeley Personal Insight Questions - Directions

Below are two of the eight prompts from the full UC Berkeley application. On your application, you would respond to four of the eight. For this assignment, choose one and craft your response. As with the full application, limit your response to 350 words.

• Describe an example of your leadership experience in which you have positively influenced others, helped resolve disputes or contributed to group efforts over time.
• What have you done to make your school or your community a better place?

MODULE 5 | Activity

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

College Essay

5.2

Tips for writing your UC Personal Insight Questions

In responding to the prompts, imagine UC were a person. If you met face-to-face, what would you want them to know about you? These personal insight questions allow you to tell them that. You could write about your creative side, your thoughts on leadership, a challenge you’ve faced and maybe even overcome. Whatever questions you answer, make sure you show them your personality—just as you would in real life.

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There is no right or wrong way to answer these questions. It’s about getting to know your personality, background, interests, and achievements in your own unique voice.

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MODULE 5 | Activity

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Double Bottom Line

5.3

Objectives | Students will be able to…

• Connect their lives to the Y-PLAN double-bottom line.
• Identify career and college readiness skills developed.
• Identify next-steps to continue to develop skills and create positive community change.

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1. Discuss the concept of the Y-PLAN Double Bottom Line – planning for yourself, and your community. The goal of Y-PLAN is to develop skills for college and career while simultaneously creating plans to impact community change.

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• Provide students with time for individual written reflection.

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MODULE 5 |

5

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Double Bottom Line

5.3

Now that you have completed one cycle of Y-PLAN, revisit the Y-PLAN Roadmap and strategize next steps on two levels: personal and community.

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Planning for Yourself:

How do you aspire to continue to grow and develop your abilities to prepare for college and career?

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Planning for Your Community:

What are your plans for continuing to build a healthy, sustainable and joyful community?

MODULE 5 | Activity

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

VoiceThread

is a tool for enhancing student engagement and online presence.

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• Collaborative space where individuals could see one another’s work/commenting
• Allows individuals to self-reflect through video, voice, and text commenting

Features:

• Video, voice, and text commenting
• Upload images, slides, videos, or PDFs
• Accessible across devices

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MODULE 5 | Tech Options

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Class Discussion Prompt Slides

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Discussion: Racial Equity

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How has this impacted life for you, your family, friends, or neighbors?

More Resources

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Discussion: Housing

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How has this impacted life for you, your family, friends, or neighbors?

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More Resources

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Discussion: Transportation

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How has this impacted life for you, your family, friends, or neighbors?

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More Resources

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Discussion: Public Space

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How has this impacted life for you, your family, friends, or neighbors?

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More Resources

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Discussion: Schools, Services, & Amenities

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How has this impacted life for you, your family, friends, or neighbors?

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More Resources

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Discussion: Climate Resilience

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How has this impacted life for you, your family, friends, or neighbors?

More Resources

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Discussion: Health Equity

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How has this impacted life for you, your family, friends, or neighbors?

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More Resources

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Discussion: Safety and Policing

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How has this impacted life for you, your family, friends, or neighbors?

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More Resources

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Education

Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships. Marketing is the business process of creating relationships with and satisfying customers.

Milestone Infographics

Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships. Marketing is the business process of creating relationships with and satisfying customers.

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

2019

2018

2017

2016

Project Life Cycle

Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships. Marketing is the business process of creating relationships with and satisfying customers.

Survey Infographics

Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships. Marketing is the business process of creating relationships with and satisfying customers.

Write your paragraph here

Negative

Neutral

Great

Excellent

40%

30%

20%

10%

S

W

O

T

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

Strengths

Weakness

Opportunity

Threats

SWOT Infographics

Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships. Marketing is the business process of creating relationships with and satisfying customers.

SWOT Infographics

Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships. Marketing is the business process of creating relationships with and satisfying customers.

01

Write your important paragraph in this section.

Strengths

02

Write your important paragraph in this section.

Weakness

03

Write your important paragraph in this section.

Opportunity

04

Write your important paragraph in this section.

Threats

Tree Infographics

Marketers must link the price to the real and perceived value of the product, but they also must take into account supply costs, seasonal discounts, and prices used by competitors.

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Tree Infographics

Marketers must link the price to the real and perceived value of the product, but they also must take into account supply costs, seasonal discounts, and prices used by competitors.

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Your Title

Refers to a good or

service being offered

Tree

Infographics

Marketers must link the price to the real and perceived value of the product, but they also must take into account supply costs, seasonal discounts, and prices used by competitors.

Venn Diagram Infographics

Marketing is the study and management of exchange relationships. Marketing is the business process of creating relationships with and satisfying customers.

Initiation

Planning

Execution

To get your company’s name out there, you need to make sure.

To get your company’s name out there, you need to make sure.

To get your company’s name out there, you need to make sure.

Topic 1

Topic 2

Topic 3

Topic 4

Funnel

Infographics

Create great presentations, reports, and marketing material easy.

01

02

03

04

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

Funnel

Infographics

Create great presentations, reports, and marketing material easy.

Conversion

Consideration

Loyalty

Awareness

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

Write your paragraph here

Planning 101:

A Brief Overview of Housing Topics in Urban Planning

Elena Eimert

Center for Cities and Schools, Fall 2019

Image Source: Y-PLAN Flickr, De Anza HS Final Presentations

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Definition of Urban Planning:

“The goal of planning is to maximize the health, safety, and economic well-being of all people living in our communities. This involves thinking about how we can move around our community, how we can attract and retain thriving businesses, where we want to live, and opportunities for recreation. Planning helps create communities of lasting value.”

Source: American Planning Association

What is a General Plan?

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“A general plan is the local government’s long-term blueprint for the community’s vision of future growth.”

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Source: CA Gov. Office of Planning & Research

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What is a General Plan?

• Long-range document, planning for ~20 year horizon
• Living document, updated “periodically” (at least every 10 years)
• State law requires public participation in the drafting of the GP and its updates, but your mileage may vary
• Contain specific elements relevant to effective local policymaking
• Also known as a Comprehensive Plan in other states

Source: CA Gov. Office of Planning & Research

Source: City of Oakland

What Elements are mandatory in CA?

All CA GPs must include the following elements: land use, circulation, housing, conservation, open space, noise, safety, and sometimes environmental justice.

Source: CA Gov. Office of Planning & Research

What is included in a Housing Element?

• “A Housing Element provides an analysis of a community’s housing needs for all income levels, and strategies to respond to provide for those housing needs.”
• Outlines how to provide “fair-share” of housing units (as stipulated by state law)
• Ensures land-use policy and regulations support necessary development
• Must be deemed compliant by state

Source: City of Novato, CA

Source: CIty of Oakland

What is “affordable housing”?

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Affordable housing is housing that does not require the occupant to spend more than 30% of their income on housing costs.

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Source: Vox

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What are “Housing Costs”?

““Housing cost” commonly includes rent or mortgage payments, utilities (gas, electricity, water, sewer, garbage, recycling, green waste), and property taxes and insurance on owner-occupied housing.”

Source: CA DHCD

What is “affordable housing”? (cont.)

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• Affordable housing developments receive subsidy from local, state, and federal sources (“alphabet soup”) and some private sources.
• Some sources have criteria that dictate some mixture of affordability (units at a certain level of Area Median Income, known as AMI).

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What is Area Median Income?

Hot Topics in Housing

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• Redlining
• Public Housing
• Urban Renewal
• “Housing Crisis”
• The 3 Ps
• Unhoused people/Homelessness
• Housing Security as a Spectrum
• Gentrification & Displacement
• Suburbanization of Poverty

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What is redlining?

• Government-facilitated housing discrimination, via Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC).
• Established by FDR as part of the New Deal, HOLC institutionalized racial discrimination in lending.
• Minority & low-income populations were identified as “high risk” areas, marked in red, and the gov. + private banks would not lend to these areas.

Source: Rothstein, “The Color of Law”

Source: Thomas Bros, via BerkeleySide

Why does redlining still matter?

• These maps would guide governmental and commercial banks for decades (1930s - 1960s)
• This prevented minority people, particularly black and brown people, from purchasing homes
• This prevented these groups from generational wealth building through homeownership
• Created areas of disinvestment

Source: Rothstein, “The Color of Law”

Source: Thomas Bros, via BerkeleySide

What is Public Housing?

• “Public housing was established to provide decent and safe rental housing for eligible low-income families, the elderly, and persons with disabilities.”
• Built by the government, managed by government or local PHA.
• Most tenants pay ~30% of income in rent.
• Stock is dwindling rapidly, and much is in disrepair.

Source: HUD, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities

Source: HUD

What is Urban Renewal?

• Post-war federal policies to encourage residential development outside of urban centers and support highway development
• Housing Act of 1949; the Housing Act of 1954, and the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
• Involved the destruction of many inner-city communities to allow for the creation of highways
• Governmental support for white people looking to move to suburbs

Source: CityLab

Source: WBUR

What is Urban Renewal?

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“The National Urban League described the interstate highway system as “white men’s roads through black men’s bedrooms.”

Source: CityLab

What is the current “Housing Crisis”?

• In CA, rents are outpacing income growth.
• Rising share of rent or cost-burdened households.
• Housing production has slowed due to high cost of construction labor/supplies, and land.
• To reach some level of affordability, CA needs to build 3.5 million housing units by 2025 (more than 3x current rate).

Source: NYT, McKinsey

Source: CHPC

The Three Ps - Solutions to the Housing Crisis

Effective response to crisis requires all three Ps:

• Production
• Preservation
• Protection

Source: NYT, McKinsey

Source: CHPC

Unhoused People and Homelessness in CA

• 2017 estimates put the number of unhoused people in the Bay Area at 28K.
• Though these estimates may undercount by 2 or 3 times.
• Over 2/3rds of that number are unsheltered and 1/5th are under 25yo.
• In SF alone, 2019 PiT Count indicated a 15% increase in the # of unhoused people from 2017.

Source: NYT, McKinsey, SF HSH

Source: McKinsey

Housing Security as a Spectrum

• A variety of events can impact someone’s housing situation; we can all move through the spectrum.
• Homelessness is a condition, not an identity.
• There are barriers to housing for some people, like those who have been incarcerated, which make securing housing much more challenging, due to exclusionary practices.

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Source: Community Exchange

What is the gentrification, and how does it differ from displacement?

“Gentrification: a process of neighborhood change that includes economic change in a historically disinvested neighborhood —by means of real estate investment and new higher-income residents moving in - as well as demographic change - not only in terms of income level, but also in terms of changes in the education level or racial makeup of residents.”

Source: Urban Displacement Project

Displacement: “Long-term residents are not able to stay to benefit from new investments in housing, healthy food access, or transit infrastructure.”

Gentrification and displacement need not occur together, but they often do, and the most economically and socially vulnerable are most likely to be displaced.

Source: Urban Displacement Project

Suburbanization of Poverty

• As people are displaced from urban cores, they move to more affordable suburbs, hoping to maintain employment and social ties.
• This can result in increased transportation and childcare related costs, as well as negative externalities like air pollution (if commuting by car).

Source: Brookings Institute

Source: McKinsey

How is affordable housing built today?

• The government no longer builds housing, and instead provides subsidies (in the form of funding or land) to developers.
• Developers need money from a variety of sources (gov., private banks, equity investments, etc.) to build.
• Mortgages, tax credits, loans and grants.
• Units are created with restrictions - which keep them affordable for some amount of years (range from 20 to 99 years, or in perpetuity).

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What is the cost to build 1 unit of affordable housing in CA today?

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$750,000

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2019 CA Legislative Housing Wins:

• AB 1482 – statewide 8% rent cap + tenant protections (just cause evictions)
• SB329 – prevents statewide source of income discrimination (voucher holders cannot be denied for that reason)
• AB101 – allows Navigation centers to receive by-right zoning approvals – limiting legislative challenges (re: Embarcadero. Nav site)

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Other buzzwords you may hear:

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• RHNA - Regional Housing Needs Assessment
• Housing Bond Measure
• LIHTC/SLIHTC
• Redevelopment
• Prop. 13
• Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU)
• Section 8

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Students are saying:

• Build ADUs (and other “right-size” housing)
• Support tenants and unhoused people/students - connect them to resources
• Create supports to let community members age in place - Senior Repair Fund
• Explore Vacancy taxes - and short-term rental taxes (like on AirBnb properties)
• Housing needs to be integrated with other community needs - transit, plazitas

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Image Source: De Anza HS, Final Presentations

Any Questions?

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Image Source: De Anza HS, Final Presentations

Planning 101

A Brief Overview of Transportation Topics

Elena Eimert

Center for Cities and Schools, Spring 2020

Image Source: Y-PLAN Flickr, AAMA Bart Internship 2017

© Center for Cities + Schools 2022

Definition of Urban Planning:

“The goal of planning is to maximize the health, safety, and economic well-being of all people living in our communities. This involves thinking about how we can move around our community, how we can attract and retain thriving businesses, where we want to live, and opportunities for recreation. Planning helps create communities of lasting value.”

Source: American Planning Association

What is a General Plan?

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“A general plan is the local government’s long-term blueprint for the community’s vision of future growth.”

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Source: CA Gov. Office of Planning & Research

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What is a General Plan?

• Long-range document, planning for ~20 year horizon
• Living document, updated “periodically” (at least every 10 years)
• State law requires public participation in the drafting of the GP and its updates, but your mileage may vary
• Contain specific elements relevant to effective local policymaking
• Also known as a Comprehensive Plan in other states

Source: CA Gov. Office of Planning & Research

Source: City of Oakland

What Elements are mandatory in CA?

All CA GPs must include the following elements: land use, circulation, housing, conservation, open space, noise, safety, and sometimes environmental justice.

Source: CA Gov. Office of Planning & Research

What is included in a Circulation(/Transportation) Element?

• “The circulation element is not simply a transportation plan, but rather a strategy addressing infrastructure needs for the circulation of people, goods, energy, water, sewage, storm drainage, and communications.”
• Circulation touches on almost all other sectors: health, land use, housing
• As of 2016, cities in CA must consider environmental justice as relates to circulation.

Source: A Gov. Office of Planning & Research

Source: CIty of Davis

What is “Transportation Planning”?

“Planning for the movement of people and goods.”

The process:

• Identify what you want to achieve (Goals OR Problem)
• What is needed to achieve it? (Policy)
• What infrastructure is needed, where will it go, and what it will look like? (Design)
• How will it be paid for? (Financing)

Source: Karen Frick

What is “Public Transportation/ Transit”?

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“Public transportation systems include a variety of transit options such as buses, light rail, and subways. These systems are available to the general public, may require a fare, and run at scheduled times.”

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Source: Center for Disease Control

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What are “Transit Modes”?

Primary division: moving people or freight.

Modes include:

• Walking
• Biking (scootering, skateboarding, etc.)
• Ferries
• Busses
• Trains
• Driving (Private cars)
• + more!

Source: CA DHCD

How is transportation funded?

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• Transportation networks are often regional (extend outside city boundary) and so decisions require regional coordination.
• Funding for transpo projects and systems come from a mixture of federal, state and local sources.
• Attraction to what’s shiny - more federal funds available for capital improvements vs. operation/maintenance, more political support.

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Source: Karen Frick

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How is transportation funded? Gas-tax edition.

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• Federal surface transportation (roads and transit) programs are funded almost entirely from the gas tax.
• Gas tax rates, which are fixed in terms of cents per gallon, have not been increased at the federal level since 1993.
• Motor fuel consumption has declined due to improved fuel efficiency, increased use of electric vehicles, and slow growth in vehicle miles traveled.

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Source: Congressional Research Service

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Source: Karen Frick

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How is transportation funded? Gas-tax edition (cont.)

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• As such, the revenue generated from the gas tax has been insufficient to support the surface transpo program since 2008.
• There have been special bills to add temporary funding, as well as gas tax increases at the state level.
• However, federal funding available for those programs, including transit, remains very limited and will continue to be so.

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Source: Congressional Research Service

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Source: Karen Frick

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Bay Area Transit Agencies/Players:

• Alameda Contra-Costa Transit (AC Transit) - Local and TransBay Bus service.
• Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) - Heavy rail service between the Peninsula, San Francisco, and the East Bay.
• Water Emergency Transportation Authority (WETA) - Ferry service between the East Bay, North Bay, and San Francisco.
• Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTC) - MTC is the metropolitan planning organization (MPO) for the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area — a federal designation that entails various responsibilities - such as producing Regional Transportation Plans and Transportation Improvement Plans. MTC is also the regional transportation planning agency for the Bay Area — a state designation.
• + Golden Gate Ferry, SamTrans, SFMTA, Soltrans, Caltrain, WestCAT, and more.

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Hot Topics in Transportation

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• Urban Renewal
• Mobility vs. Accessibility
• Micro-mobility
• First Mile/Last Mile Problem
• Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
• Transit Agencies in Development
• Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
• Rideshare
• Gentrification vs. Displacement
• Suburbanization of Poverty
• Transportation Equity
• Geographic
• Modal
• User

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Hot Topics in Transportation (cont.)

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• SB 50
• Electrification
• Autonomous Vehicles
• Street Design
• Traffic Calming
• Bike Lanes
• Public Safety on Transit
• Climate Change

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What is Urban Renewal?

• Post-war federal policies to encourage residential development outside of urban centers and support highway development (including Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956).
• Involved the destruction of many inner-city communities and transit systems to allow for the creation of highways (like the Key System in the Bay Area).
• Highways + suburb parking created path dependence - more people started to drive.

Source: CityLab

Source: WBUR

What is Urban Renewal?

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“The National Urban League described the interstate highway system as “white men’s roads through black men’s bedrooms.”

Source: CityLab

What is Mobility vs. Accessibility?

• Mobility: ability to move between different activity sites (ex: home to campus)—focus often on speedy movement with cars, auto-mobility (throughput).
• Accessibility: number of opportunities, called “activity sites” available within a certain distance or travel time, proximity between places, people and jobs.

Source: Hanson, Chapter 1; Cervero, p. 15873-4

Source: Federal Highway Administration

What is micro-mobility?

• Nebulous definition: Micro-mobility are modes of transportation that have:
• Range/speed restrictions;
• Weight restrictions.
• Micro-mobility modes includes e-bikes, e-scooters, and docked bikes.
• Proponents says micromoblity can solve the “first-mile/last-mile issues.”
• Get people to and from transit hubs.

Source: Deloitte Consulting (:()

Source: NPR

What is First Mile/Last Mile Problem?

Source: APTA, Transportist

“The distance between a traveler’s origin/destination and a transit station/stop, commonly referred to as the first/last mile.”

What is Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)?

• “TOD, includes a mix of commercial, residential, office and entertainment centered around or located near a transit station. Dense, walkable, mixed-use development near transit attracts people and adds to vibrant, connected communities.
• Debate exists around what types of transit can support development: trains, busses, BRT.
• Development without inclusionary requirements/tenant protections/no parking minimums may undercut intention of TOD.

Source: Federal Transit Administration

Source: NIKKO BAUTISTA

Transit Agencies in Development

Transit Agencies often have surplus land (or “air rights” to the space above their operations) that they no longer need for the operations of their services. To maximize the public benefit, some agencies are becoming involved in joint development.

“Joint development is a process by which public transit or other local or state agencies agree to make land available for private development, which may include affordable housing.”

Agencies usually lease the land, meaning they retain the rights to the parcel (if not the development).

Source: Local Housing Solutions

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Source: BART (Lake Merritt TOD project)

What is Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)?

• “BRT is a high-quality bus-based transit system that delivers fast, comfortable, and cost-effective services at metro-level capacities.”
• Has features of rail systems, including dedicated lanes, and off-board fare collection, and shorter wait times between vehicles (headway).
• Disruption of area during construction impacts local businesses - makes them vulnerable to closing.
• Studies are underway to see if BRT causes gentrification and displacement.

Source: Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

Source: KALW

What is Rideshare?

• Formal and informal forms of rideshare:
• Formal: Lyft, Uber, Chariot, etc. (on demand)
• Informal: Casual Carpool
• Concerns about private ridershare:
• Congestion and air pollution;
• Discrimination (by ability, race, destination);
• Curb management;
• Privacy;
• Safety;
• Diversion from transit.

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Source: Lea Suzuki / The Chronicle

What is the gentrification, and how does it differ from displacement?

“Gentrification: a process of neighborhood change that includes economic change in a historically disinvested neighborhood —by means of real estate investment and new higher-income residents moving in - as well as demographic change - not only in terms of income level, but also in terms of changes in the education level or racial makeup of residents.”

Source: Urban Displacement Project

Displacement: “Long-term residents are not able to stay to benefit from new investments in housing, healthy food access, or transit infrastructure.”

Gentrification and displacement need not occur together, but they often do, and the most economically and socially vulnerable are most likely to be displaced.

Source: Urban Displacement Project

Suburbanization of Poverty

• As people are displaced from urban cores, they move to more affordable suburbs, hoping to maintain employment and social ties.
• This can result in increased transportation and childcare related costs, as well as negative externalities like air pollution (if commuting by car).
• Tech workers, pushed out of the urban core, commute by company shuttles over 100 miles, some in the middle of the night.

Source: Brookings Institute

Source: McKinsey

What is Transportation Equity?

• Conversation is evolving, but currently 3 main types:
• Geographic: Where money is distributed (urban vs. rural, region vs. region, city vs. city).
• Modal: How funds are distributed across modes (transit (rail vs. bus), auto, pedestrian, bicycle).
• User: Who funds are used to support (based largely on socio demographic characteristics)

Source: Karen Frick

Source: To be confirmed

What is SB50?

Proposed CA Senate Bill which would override local zoning to allow densification of residential development around “quality” transit networks.

• Opponents say: unfair taking of local control, unequal burden of development, equity concern for access/displacement of low income people.
• Proponents say: more people will live closer to transit/will utilize transit, easing housing shortage and providing environmental benefits.

The bill did not make it out of committee in Jan. 2020, so in its current form, it is dead.

Source: McKinsey

What is Electrification?

• In the US in 2014, transportation sector was the 2nd largest in energy consumption, but over 93% of that energy came from petroleum (gas).
• In an effort to reduce dependence on harmful energy sources, many people producers, and transit agencies are investing in electrification.
• Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)
• Battery-electric busses in AC Transit fleet.
• Electrification of CalTrain.

Source: Edison Electric Institute

Source: SFMTA

What are Autonomous Vehicles (AVs)?

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says human error is responsible for 94% of serious crashes. AVs, also known as self-driving cars, are intended to reduce that number by removing human error & delegating driving to a host of sensory technologies.

• Opponents say: if there are as many AVs as cars today, congestion won’t improve; are they safe?
• Proponents say: more often electric, fewer private cars, less congestion, more access for the disabled and elderly, fewer traffic fatalities.

Source: Palo Alto Online

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Source: ImPark

What is Street Design?

• Streets comprise something like 80% of the area in most cities, but much of the focus in prior decades has been on efficiency (that is, the number of cars moved through a space).
• Competing theories of street design emphasize how streets should enable communities to safely walk, bicycle, drive, take transit, and socialize.
• These include modifications to the sidewalks, removing lanes of traffic, adding street trees, and more.

Source: NACTO

Source: NACTO

What is Traffic Calming?

• Traffic calming methods are interventions meant to slow the speed of traffic and improve road safety.
• This can include: widening sidewalks, removing lanes of traffic (road dieting), narrowing lanes of traffic, intersection adjustments (including bulb outs, roundabouts, raised crosswalks, and traffic signals) as well as considerations around visibility.

Source: Global Designing Cities Initiative

Source: GDCI (Gateway Treatment, shown above)

What are Bike Lanes?

Bike lanes are design elements which allow cyclists to navigate the city on a bike. Types include:

• Shared street models in which cyclists share the street with motorists and pedestrians;
• Striped bike lanes where the dedicated bike lane is marked by paint on pavement - some have a buffer zone,;
• Protected bike lanes, in which there are physical barriers such as plastic bollards, planters, or even a row of parked cars separates cyclists from traffic.

Source: Smart Cities Dive

Source: City of Oakland, Bikeways Map

What are Bike Lanes? (cont.)

Bike lanes can be contentious, as some groups see them as in-roads of gentrification because:

• Bike lanes have been shown to stimulate investment, which could mean gentrification and displacement;
• While African-Americans are the fastest growing cycling population, the mode of transportation has a very white and male legacy;
• There is a concern that investment of this kind only happens when white people move into an area, though the data is varied on this point.

Source: HuffPost

Source: City of Oakland, Bikeways Map

Public Safety on Transit

As conversations about fare evasion & policing on transit continue nationwide, there is debate as to what safety improvements look like:

• Policing - The MTA sees increased police presence as the way to decrease crime.
• Ambassador programs - Some agencies, including BART, are adding non-police ambassadors to patrol vehicles and stations.
• Surveillance - SacRT is exploring different ways of using CCTV to promote safety.
• Lighting - Students suggest improving stop/station amenities to improve safety.

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Source: New York Times

Climate Change & Transit

In the Bay Area, climate change will affect the way we navigate space:

• Projections for 2100 puts sea level rise in the Bay Area at ~ 40 inches, while the upper-level forecast is more than 80 inches (~7 feet).
• Sea level rise could eliminate surface motorways and transit systems;
• Sea level rise could exacerbate housing shortage;
• Ferries, which can expand capacity more affordably than other types of transit, may become more popular (though at current are not very affordable).

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Source: SF Chronicle

Other buzzwords you may hear:

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• Complete Streets
• “Vision Zero”
• Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
• Level of Service (LOS)
• Congestion Pricing
• Flat Fares vs. Distance-based fares vs. Fare Free
• “Transit-First”
• Parking Policy

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Buzzword Definitions:

• “Complete Streets” - Transportation policy/design approach that requires streets to be designed and operated to enable safe travel and access for users of all ages/abilities, mode agnostic.
• “Vision Zero” - “A strategy to eliminate all traffic fatalities and severe injuries, while increasing safe, healthy, equitable mobility for all.”
• Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) - Measure of total miles driven in a given area. Metric by which to assess the impact of a given development, SB743 made VMT the law of the land in CA, to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and to remove a deference to driving in transportation planning.
• Level of Service (LOS) - Measure of the vehicle throughput (traffic flow or “automobile delay”). Metric by which to assess the impact of a given development, though VMT has risen in prominence in CA and nationwide. There is support for an adjusted measure, known as Multi-modal Level of Service.
• Congestion Pricing - Means of traffic management by imposing tolls on private vehicles that vary by time of day, meant to deter drivers onto other modes, routes, and times of travel. Rebates can provide greater equity to low-income drivers.

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Buzzword Definitions:

• Flat Fares vs. Distance-based fares vs. Fare Free
• Flat fares - transit fare policy that imposes one fare across the entire system (ex. NYC MTA)
• Distance-based fares - transit fare policy that imposes variable fare related to the origin and destination of a trip (ex. BART)
• Fare free - transit fare policy that does not collect fares from users (ex. Chapel Hill Transit, KC Bus). Fare free movements are happening across the United States.
• “Transit-First”- Policy of prioritizing the use of public rights of way by pedestrians, bicyclists, and public transit, as opposed to private motorists.
• Parking Minimums - Design guidelines that stipulate the number of parking spaces that a developer must provide for each type of development (residential, commercial, office + more granular). Many cities (including SF) have reduced or eliminated parking minimums, especially as parking is space and cost-intensive.
• Street typologies - Classification of street network based on form and current/future zoning. Locally determined but may interact/conform with those of the National Highway System.

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Students are saying:

• Transportation Networks as Community Space
• Transit stations should offer more amenities to users (Wifi, Lighting, Seating)
• Streets need Public Art + Lighting
• Transportation/Transit Safety doesn’t require more armed police or private surveillance on transit and roadways.
• Transportation networks can help ameliorate displacement - allow people that have moved to stay connected to social networks.
• Regional Connectivity
• Free Shuttles - First Mile/Last Mile
• Transportation networks need to integrate technology.

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Image Source: Berkeley HS Site Exploration

Any Questions?

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Image Source: Berkeley HS Site Exploration