Chapter 19

Global Change

9.1 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

9.2 Reducing Ozone Depletion

9.3 The Greenhouse Effect

9.4 Increases in the Greenhouse Gases

9.5 Global Climate Change

9.6 Ocean Warming

9.7 Ocean Acidification

9.8 Invasive Species

9.9 Endangered Species

9.10 Human Impacts on Biodiversity

Ch19 Global Change Learning Targets

19-1 Distinguish among global change, global climate change, and global warming

19-2 Explain the process underlying the greenhouse effect

19-3 Identify the natural and anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases

19-4 Explain how CO2 concentrations have changed over the past 6 decades and how emissions compare among the nations of the world

19-5 Explain how temperatures have increased since records begin in 1880

19-6 Discuss how we estimate temperatures and levels of greenhouse gases over the past 500,000 years and into the future

19-7 Explain the role of feedbacks on the impacts of climate change

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Ch19 Global Change Learning Targets

19-8 Discuss how global climate change has affected the environment & organisms

19-9 Identify the future changes predicted to occur with global climate change

19-10 Explain the global climate change goals of the Kyoto protocol

19-11 Explain why the efforts to achieve sustainability must consider both sound environmental science and economic analysis

19-12 Describe how economic health depends on the availability of natural capital and basic human welfare

19-13 Explain the role of agencies and regulations in efforts to protect our natural and human capital

19-14 Describe the approaches to measuring and achieving sustainability

19-5 Discuss the relationship among sustainability, poverty, personal action, and stewardship

Walking on Thin Ice

• ??? (Ursus maritimus)
• Eat seals in the North Pole.
• Other species thrive on the left carcasses.
• Polar ice caps have been melting threatening the habitat.
• Data indicates that ice has significantly declined from 1979-2009.
• The ice has also become much thinner.
• Difficult for-----to hunt seals.
• ---- are on the threatened list.

Walking on Thin Ice

• Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus)
• Eat seals in the North Pole.
• Other species thrive on the left carcasses.
• Polar ice caps have been melting threatening the habitat.
• Data indicates that ice has significantly declined from 1979-2009.
• The ice has also become much thinner.
• Difficult for bears to hunt seals.
• Polar Bears are on the threatened list since 2008 (vulnerable classification)

Tales of ice-bound wonderlands | Paul Nicklen

Invest yourself in polar bears: John Gunter at TEDxWinnipeg

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BBC- polar bear

Global Change

Global Change: change that occurs in the chemical, biological, and physical properties.

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• Global temperatures have varied over the years.
• Current rates of change have been higher than past history.

Global Climate Change: changes in the climate of Earth over a period of years or decades.

Global Warming: specific to the warming of the oceans, landmasses, and atmosphere of Earth.

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• Some changes are natural while some are anthropogenic.

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What does

“anthropogenic mean”?

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Solar radiation & Greenhouse Gases

• Sun! Source of all energy!
• The Sun’s radiation is in the form of high-energy visible radiated energy: visible light and ultraviolet light.
• It strikes the Earth and warms it. The heat is remitted as what? (hint: i? r?)

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Solar radiation & Greenhouse Gases

• Sun! Source of all energy!
• The Sun’s radiation is in the form of high-energy visible radiated energy: visible light and ultraviolet light.
• It strikes the Earth and warms it. The heat is remitted as infrared radiation (infrared light).

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Name this Effect

1. Incoming solar radiation consists primarily of UV and visible light.
2. 1/3 of the solar radiation is reflected(clouds, surface) back into space.
3. Remainder solar radiation is absorbed by clouds and the surface of the planet which become warmer and emit infrared radiation.

4. Infrared radiation is absorbed by gases, remainder emitted into space.

5. gases warm and emit infrared radiation.

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The Greenhouse Effect

1. Incoming solar radiation consists primarily of UV and visible light.
2. 1/3 of the solar radiation is reflected(clouds, surface) back into space.
3. Remainder solar radiation is absorbed by clouds and the surface of the planet which become warmer and emit infrared radiation.

4. Infrared radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases, remainder emitted into space.

5. Greenhouse gases warm and emit infrared radiation.

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The Greenhouse Effect

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Explain those steps again- with a diagram and labels- limit your answer to 10 words

Greenhouse Gases

• Gases in the atmosphere that absorb infrared radiation.
• Greenhouse gases radiate infrared energy back towards the surface of the planet.
• Natural fluctuations (energy in vs. energy out) have occurred over time.
• NOT NO₂ or O_2!!

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The Greenhouse Effect is important for life on Earth

• What ???is the most common greenhouse gas.

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• Name 2 more??? are other greenhouse gases.

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• ???s are man made but is a greenhouse gas.

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• Water vapor is the most common greenhouse gas.

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• Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone are other greenhouse gases.

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• CFCs are man made but is a greenhouse gas.

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Name this vocab/concept?

• Estimates how much a molecule of any compound can contribute to global warming over a period of 100yrs relative to a molecule of CO_2.
• How much infrared energy can be absorbed and how long the molecule can persist in the atmosphere

Greenhouse Warming Potential

• Estimates how much a molecule of any compound can contribute to global warming over a period of 100yrs relative to a molecule of CO_2.
• How much infrared energy can be absorbed and how long the molecule can persist in the atmosphere

??

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Place a dot next to the gas with the biggest warming potential?

Natural Sources of Greenhouse Gases

1. Name 3

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Natural Sources of Greenhouse Gases

1. Volcanic eruptions
2. Decomposition
3. Digestion
4. Denitrification
5. Evaporation
6. Evapotranspiration

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1. Volcanic Eruptions
1. Which gas?
2. Ash: reflects incoming solar radiation back into space warming OR cooling the Earth?

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1. Volcanic Eruptions
1. Carbon Dioxide.
2. Ash: reflects incoming solar radiation back into space cooling the Earth.

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2. Name this gas?

• Decomposition in

anaerobic conditions.

• Bottom of wetlands

(major source), landfills.

• Digestion of plant

or wood material in the

guts of animals.

These creatures?: second

largest source of the gas.

2. Methane

• Decomposition in

anaerobic conditions.

• Bottom of wetlands

(major source), landfills.

• Digestion of plant

or wood material in the

guts of animals.

Termites: second

largest source of

methane.

3. Nitrous Oxide

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• Produced through the process of de????.
• Occurs in low oxygen environments of wet soil and wetlands, oceans, and lakes.
• Nitrate converted to nitrous oxide gas.

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3. Nitrous Oxide

• Produced through the process of denitrification.
• Occurs in low oxygen environments of wet soil and wetlands, oceans, and lakes.
• Nitrate converted to nitrous oxide gas.

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4. ??????????

• Most abundant greenhouse gas.
• Greatest natural contributor to global warming.
• Evaporates from bodies of water and goes into the atmosphere.
• Evapotranspiration: water going to a gas state from the leaves of plants.

4. Water Vapor

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• Most abundant greenhouse gas.
• Greatest natural contributor to global warming.
• Evaporates from bodies of water and goes into the atmosphere.
• Evapotranspiration: water going to a gas state from the leaves of plants.

N₂O and H₂O

• Denitrification

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• Evapotranspiration

Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases

1. Name 3

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Anthropogenic Sources of Greenhouse Gases

1. Use of Fossil Fuels
2. Agricultural Practices
3. Deforestation
4. Landfills
5. Industrial Production

of New Greenhouse

Chemicals

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1. Use of Fossil Fuels
1. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere faster than plants can take it in.
2. WHAT? produces the most CO₂
3. Oil produces 85% as much CO₂ as above
4. Natural gas 56% as much

Particulate Matter: Lowers a???? when it lands on snow and ice, absorbs more heat, increases melting.

1. Use of Fossil Fuels
1. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere faster than plants can take it in.
2. Coal produces the most CO₂
3. Oil produces 85% as much CO₂ as coal
4. Natural gas 56% as much

Particulate Matter: Lowers albedo when it lands on snow and ice, absorbs more heat, increases melting.

2. Agricultural Practices

• Over-irrigated land creates low ???? (what gas?) environments that produce methane and nitrous oxide (rice farming).
• Synthetic fertilizers, manures, and crops that naturally fix atmospheric nitrogen create an excess of these chemical compounds?? that are converted into nitrous oxide by the process of denitrification.
• Raising livestock equals methane.

2. Agricultural Practices

• Over-irrigated land creates low oxygen environments that produce methane and nitrous oxide (rice farming).
• Synthetic fertilizers, manures, and crops that naturally fix atmospheric nitrogen create an excess of nitrates that are converted into nitrous oxide by the process of denitrification.
• Raising livestock equals methane.

3. Deforestation

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• What process? removes CO₂ from the atmosphere.
• Decomposing trees add CO₂ to the environment.
• Net destruction breaks the balance.

3. Deforestation

• Photosynthesis removes CO₂ from the atmosphere.
• Decomposing trees add CO₂ to the environment.
• Net destruction breaks the balance.

4. Landfills

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• Low oxygen decomposition produces what gas?

4. Landfills

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• Low oxygen decomposition produces methane.

5. Industrial Production of New Greenhouse Chemicals

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• ????.. Montreal Protocol phased out in 1996.
• ???? are now used and will be phased out by 2030.
• ?? have a high greenhouse warming potential.

5. Industrial Production of New Greenhouse Chemicals

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• CFCs.. Montreal Protocol phased out in 1996.
• HCFCs: hydrochloroflurocarbons are now used and will be phased out by 2030.
• HCFCs have a high greenhouse warming potential.

Ranking

Anthropogenic

Sources of

Greenhouse

Gases

Highlight the highest

producers on each

graph

Learning Check for Module 62

THe greenhouse gas with the highest greenhouse warming potential

1. carbon dioxide b) methane c) water vapor

d) CFC e) nitrous oxide

Particulate matter can increase global warming by

1. reacting with CFCs b) reducing surface absorption of UV c) producing additional nitrous oxides d) reflecting radiation e) lowering surface albedo

Learning Check for Module 62

THe greenhouse gas with the highest greenhouse warming potential

• carbon dioxide b) methane c) water vapor

d) CFC e) nitrous oxide

Particulate matter can increase global warming by

• reacting with CFCs b) reducing surface absorption of UV c) producing additional nitrous oxides d) reflecting radiation e) lowering surface albedo

Changes in CO₂ and Temp Linkage

Increasing CO₂ Concentrations

• Charles K????? determined CO₂ levels varied both seasonally and yearly.
• Showed a clear trend in rising of CO₂ across the years.
• Correlated with human emissions of carbon dioxide.
• Seasonal variations due to ?????????? during warm months.

Changes in CO₂ and Temp Linkage

Increasing CO₂ Concentrations

• Charles Keeling determined CO₂ levels varied both seasonally and yearly.
• Showed a clear trend in rising of CO₂ across the years.
• Correlated with human emissions of carbon dioxide.
• Seasonal variations due to photosynthesis during warm months.

Evidence: Direct Measurement

What creates the jagged, up and down pattern of the red line?

Prediction: CRITICAL CONCENTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE – The “tipping point”

• Scientists believe that a concentration greater than ??? ppm of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere will lead to a runaway greenhouse effect (positive feedback loop) with catastrophic consequences for life on Earth.

Prediction: CRITICAL CONCENTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE – The “tipping point”

• Scientists believe that a concentration greater than 450 ppm of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere will lead to a runaway greenhouse effect (positive feedback loop) with catastrophic consequences for life on Earth. LIVE ppm

Carbon Dioxide Increase Over Time

• 1000 AD --- 180 ppm (0.018%)
• 1800 AD --- 280 ppm (0.028%)
• 2010 AD --- 390 ppm (0.039%)
• 2050 AD --- 450 ppm* (0.045%)
• 2100 AD --- 550 ppm (0.055%)

Emissions from the Developed Vs. Developing World

• 20% of the population living in the developed world produced about ??% of the carbon dioxide.
• What country is the lead emitter of carbon dioxide?
• Per capita Australia is in the lead.

Emissions from the Developed Vs. Developing World

• 20% of the population living in the developed world produced about 75% of the carbon dioxide.
• China lead emitter of carbon dioxide.
• Per capita Australia is in the lead.

Global Temps Since 1880

• Global temperatures have increased .8 degrees C (1.4 F) from 1880-2009.
• 10 warmest years on record occurred from 2000 to 2009 (warmest decade on record).

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• Some areas have increase, some have not changed and some have gotten cooler.
• The globe has slowing been warming the last 120 yrs.

Global Temperatures and Greenhouse Gas Concentrations During the Past 400,000 Years

• Investigating the shell composition of protists.
• By knowing the age of different ocean sediments and the preferred temperature of different species scientists can indirectly estimate ocean temperature changes over time based on which species are found in each sediment layer.

Ancient Ice Analysis

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• Ice cores have trapped air bubbles.
• Air can be analyzed for concentration of greenhouse gases.
• Oxygen atoms can be used to determine temperatures.
• Ice formed during warm temps have a higher percentage of heavy oxygen.

Evidence: Ice Core Sampling (gas bubbles)

How Ice Cores are used

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NSF ice cores

Recent Temperature Changes

• 1.4 degrees F increase in global temperatures over the last 120 years.
• Rise in CO₂ in the last 50 year has been exponential.

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Recent Temperature Increases

• The surface of the Earth has increased roughly 1.4 degrees F over the past 120 years.
• Larger temp changes have happened over the past 400,000 years without human influences.
• Maybe increase in solar radiation?
• Or increase in CO₂?
• Because warming is experienced MORE on the poles that indicates a rise in CO₂ and not increased solar radiation.

Climate Models and Future Conditions

• Scientist generally agree that average global temperatures will rise by ? degrees F to ? F by 2100 depending on whether CO₂ emissions experience slow, moderate, or high growth over time.

Climate Models and Future Conditions

• Scientist generally agree that average global temperatures will rise by 3.2 degrees F to 7.2 F by 2100 depending on whether CO₂ emissions experience slow, moderate, or high growth over time.

Feedbacks Can Increase or Decrease the Impact of Climate Change

Negative or ? Positive Feedbacks: amplify changes. Small fluctuations in inputs lead to large observed effects.

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Negative or Positive? Feedbacks: Lessen change. Inputs lessen the effect.

Feedbacks Can Increase or Decrease the Impact of Climate Change

Positive Feedbacks: amplify changes. Small fluctuations in inputs lead to large observed effects.

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Negative Feedbacks: Lessen change. Inputs lessen the effect.

Negative OR ? Positive Feedbacks in Global Warming

• Global soils have a LOT of CO₂. Higher temps increase the biological activity of decomposers in the soil releasing more CO₂. This amplifies the temp.
• With increased temps permafrost in the tundra melts, leading to standing water in which organic matter will decompose in low oxygen environments. Releases methane gas.

Positive Feedbacks in Global Warming

• Global soils have a LOT of CO₂. Higher temps increase the biological activity of decomposers in the soil releasing more CO₂. This amplifies the temp.

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• With increased temps permafrost in the tundra melts, leading to standing water in which organic matter will decompose in low oxygen environments. Releases methane gas.

Negative Feedback

• Increase in what gas? can stimulate plant growth.
• More plant growth = more photosynthesis therefore more of this gas will be taken out of the atmosphere.
• Appears to be one of the reasons why only about half of the gas emitted into the atmosphere by human activities has remained in the atmosphere.

Negative Feedback

• Increase in CO₂ can stimulate plant growth.
• More plant growth =s more photosynthesis therefore more CO₂ will be taken out of the atmosphere.
• Appears to be one of the reasons why only about half of the CO₂ emitted into the atmosphere by human activities has remained in the atmosphere.

Compare and Contrast negative to positive feedback loops. Give an example of each.

Limitation of Feedbacks

• Limiting factors
• Water vapor
• Increased evaporation leads to increased warming (greenhouse gas).
• Limit to how much water can be in the atmosphere.
• Clouds form therefore reflecting solar radiation leading to negative feedback.

Module 63 Learning Check

If the annual rate of CO2 increase is 1.5 ppm and the concentration in 2010 is 390 ppm, what concentration would you expect in 2100?

1. 420 ppm b) 480 ppm c) 505 ppm

d) 525 ppm e) 540 ppm

HOw much has the average global temperature increased in the last 120 years?

1. 0.6F b) 1.0F c) 1.4F d) 2.7F e) 3.2F

Module 63 Learning Check

If the annual rate of CO2 increase is 1.5 ppm and the concentration in 2010 is 390 ppm, what concentration would you expect in 2100?

• 420 ppm b) 480 ppm c) 505 ppm

d) 525 ppm e) 540 ppm

HOw much has the average global temperature increased in the last 120 years?

• 0.6F b) 1.0F c) 1.4F d) 2.7F e) 3.2F

Consequences of Global Warming

Consequences to the Environment

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• Name 3

Consequences of Global Warming

Consequences to the Environment

• Polar ice caps
• Glaciers
• Permafrost
• Sea levels
• Heat Waves
• Cold spells
• Precipitation Patterns
• Storm intensity
• Ocean currents

Polar Ice Caps

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• Reduction in ice cap size.
• Temps have increases from 1.8 to 7.2 degrees F (1 C- 4 C).
• Opens up areas.
• Undiscovered fossil fuel sources.
• Greenland and Antarctica have experienced a large amount of melting.

Evidence & Effect: Melting Arctic Ice

Effects: Arctic Will Warm MOST

WHY?

Glaciers

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• Glacier National Park had 150 individual glaciers but now only has 25.
• Estimated by 2030 there will be no glaciers.
• Critical water supply for some communities.
• Melting faster then they are growing back.

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Effect & Evidence: Melting Glaciers

Permafrost

• Permanently frozen ground in the what 2 biomes?
• ?% of the Earth’s land contains permafrost.
• Causes overlying lakes to become smaller as the lake water drains deeper into the ground.
• Effects houses and oil pipelines.
• Decomposition of organic matter will occur producing methane gas (positive feedback).

Permafrost

• Permanently frozen ground in the tundra and boreal forest.
• 20% of the Earth’s land contains permafrost.
• Causes overlying lakes to become smaller as the lake water drains deeper into the ground.
• Effects houses and oil pipelines.
• Decomposition of organic matter will occur producing methane gas (positive feedback).

Sea Levels

• Adds to the total volume of the ocean.
• As ocean water becomes warmer it ??????
• Water levels have risen 9 inches since 1870.
• Makes the coastline more vulnerable to flooding (especially during storms).
• More saltwater intrusion.
• Dykes can elevate the problem (harder for poorer countries).

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Sea Levels

• Adds to the total volume of the ocean.
• As ocean water becomes warmer it expands.
• Water levels have risen 9 inches since 1870.
• Makes the coastline more vulnerable to flooding (especially during storms).
• More saltwater intrusion.
• Dykes can elevate the problem (harder for poorer countries).

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A significant ocean rise will put a large portion of Florida under water

Effect: Sea Level Rise

Name this #1 cause

Effect: Sea Level Rise

Heat Waves

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• Long periods of hot weather.
• Increased demand of air conditioning.
• Drought, damage to crops.
• Greater amount of irrigation.
• Increases the

cost of food

production.

Effect: OCEAN WARMING

• The Earth’s ocean has warmed 0.5 to 1.0 degrees Fahrenheit since 1906.

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• Ocean is also becoming more acidic (~26% more acidic since beginning of industrial revolution)

Cold Spells

• Fewer extremely cold days.
• Fewer days below freezing.
• Fewer deaths, less demand for heat, less damage to crops.
• More areas available to plant crops.
• Allows some pests to prosper.

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Invasive insect: hemlock woolly adelgid

Precipitation Patterns

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• Warmer temps cause increased e????.
• Difficult to predict precipitation patterns.
• More precipitation is good for crops and will recharge a????.
• Could also cause landslides, flooding, and soil erosion.
• Drought in other areas.

Precipitation Patterns

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• Warmer temps cause increased evaporation.
• Difficult to predict precipitation patterns.
• More precipitation is good for crops and will recharge aquifers.
• Could also cause landslides, flooding, and soil erosion.
• Drought in other areas.

Storm Intensity

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• Increase intensity of Atlantic storms.
• Hurricanes K and R? devastated coastal areas in 2005.
• Gulf of Mexico had unusually high temps.
• Other cities at risk as well, with warmer temperatures storms could move further north.

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Storm Intensity

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• Increase intensity of Atlantic storms.
• Hurricanes Katrina and Rita devastated coastal areas in 2005.
• Gulf of Mexico had unusually high temps.
• Other cities at risk as well, with warmer temperatures storms could move further north.

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Ocean Currents

• More melted ice means more fresh water.
• This could disrupt the ocean currents.
• Changing currents could disrupt the distribution of heat on the planet.
• Name this type of ??Circulation!!

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If the salinity of the ocean current were to become diluted by melting ice, the current would not sink near arctic and the Gulf Stream current could shut down

Ocean Currents

• More melted ice means more fresh water.
• This could disrupt the ocean currents.
• Changing currents could disrupt the distribution of heat on the planet.
• Thermohaline Circulation!!

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If the salinity of the ocean current were to become diluted by melting ice, the current would not sink near arctic and the Gulf Stream current could shut down

Effect: Disruption to Thermohaline Circulation

Europe would become much colder without the which???current

Europe would become much colder without the Gulf Steam current

Consequences to Living Organisms

• Wild Plants and Animals
• Humans

Wild Plants and Animals

• Lengthens growing seasons.
• Plants flower earlier.
• Birds arrive at their breeding grounds earlier.
• Insects emerge earlier.
• Ranges of habitat have shifted towards the poles.
• Fragmentation makes movement of organisms more difficult.
• Example: Pied Flycatcher

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Coral: range of tolerance in temperature is quite small.

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Coral Bleaching: coral eject WHAT that live symbiotically with them therefore they turn white? Why do they do this?

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• Due to pollution, increased temperatures and sedimentation.

Coral: range of tolerance in temperature is quite small.

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Coral Bleaching: coral eject the algae that live symbiotically with them therefore they turn white.

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• Due to pollution, increased temperatures and sedimentation.

Humans

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• Relocation from vulnerable areas such as the coast.
• Human health: increase the geographic range of temperature-limited disease vectors.

Example: Mosquitos that carry Malaria and West Nile virus could extend their range.

• Death to very old and very young.
• Fungal and bacterial diseases may extend over a wider range.

Economic Consequences

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• Affect communities that

depend on snow for tourism.

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• Affect areas with

coral reefs used for

tourism.

Controversy of Climate Change

• Greenhouse gases are increasing!

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• This is causing the temperature of the surface of the Earth to increase!

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NO debate or controversy!

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Kyoto Protocol

• Addresses climate change on the State? National? OR International level.
• Many effects will be felt in the developing world.
• Reduction in these??? based on amount produced.
• The countries who emit the most of what gas? pay the most of the costs of reducing it

Kyoto Protocol

• Addresses climate change on the International level.
• Many effects will be felt in the developing world.
• Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions based on amount produced.
• The countries who emit the most CO₂ pay the most of the costs of reducing CO₂.

How Can This Be Done?

1. Trying to increase fuel efficiency or switching from coal and oil to energy sources that emit less or no CO₂ such as natural gas, solar energy, nuclear energy, or wind power.
2. Carbon S?: taking CO₂ out of the atmosphere.
1. Storing carbon in soils.
2. Turning agriculture land into f?? or pastures.
3. Capturing CO₂ from plants compressing it and pumping into?.

How Can This Be Done?

1. Trying to increase fuel efficiency or switching from coal and oil to energy sources that emit less or no CO₂ such as natural gas, solar energy, nuclear energy, or wind power.
2. Carbon Sequestration: taking CO₂ out of the atmosphere.
1. Storing carbon in soils.
2. Turning agriculture land into forests or pastures.
3. Capturing CO₂ from plants compressing it and pumping into wells deep within the ocean.

Which?? Protocol

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• As of 2010 the US is the only developed country that has not ratified the --- Protocol (190 have ratified).

• Across all 41 developed countries the reduction in greenhouse gases for this period was 5.2 %

Kyoto Protocol

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• As of 2010 the US is the only developed country that has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol (190 have ratified).

• Across all 41 developed countries the reduction in greenhouse gases for this period was 5.2 %

Module 64 Learning CHeck

Effects of climate change on organisms include all of the following except

1. increased growing seasons
2. disruption of animal life cycles
3. coral bleaching
4. decreased species ranges in temperate areas
5. increased dispersal of plants and animals

Module 64 Learning CHeck

Effects of climate change on organisms include all of the following except

• increased growing seasons
• disruption of animal life cycles
• coral bleaching
• decreased species ranges in temperate areas
• increased dispersal of plants and animals

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

Use once, more than once or not at all

1. Carbon neutrality B) carbon sequestration

C) Cellular Respiration D) fossil fuel combustion

E) Carbon flux from atmosphere to lithosphere

Process whereby the biota of ecosystems release energy necessary for functioning

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

Use once, more than once or not at all

1. Carbon neutrality B) carbon sequestration

C) Cellular Respiration D) fossil fuel combustion

E) Carbon flux from atmosphere to lithosphere

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C= Process whereby the biota of ecosystems release energy necessary for functioning

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

Use once, more than once or not at all

1. Carbon neutrality B) carbon sequestration

C) Cellular Respiration D) fossil fuel combustion

E) Carbon flux from atmosphere to lithosphere

The main ecosystem service that permanently protected forests provide

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

Use once, more than once or not at all

1. Carbon neutrality B) carbon sequestration

C) Cellular Respiration D) fossil fuel combustion

E) Carbon flux from atmosphere to lithosphere

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B=The main ecosystem service that permanently protected forests provide

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

Use once, more than once or not at all

1. Carbon neutrality B) carbon sequestration

C) Cellular Respiration D) fossil fuel combustion

E) Carbon flux from atmosphere to lithosphere

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The main cause of a lowering of pH in marine environments

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

Use once, more than once or not at all

1. Carbon neutrality B) carbon sequestration

C) Cellular Respiration D) fossil fuel combustion

E) Carbon flux from atmosphere to lithosphere

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D=The main cause of a lowering of pH in marine environments

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

Which of the following greenhouse gases has the highest heat-trapping ability per molecule in our atmosphere?

A) NO B) CH4 C) CO2 D) CO E) SO2

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

Which of the following greenhouse gases has the highest heat-trapping ability per molecule in our atmosphere?

A) NO B) CH4 C) CO2 D) CO E) SO2

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

The international agreement that is widely considered the most important environmental victory for a sustainable planet is

1. Kyoto protocol
2. The Montreal Protocol
3. The Clean Air Act of 1972
4. NAFTA
5. The Green Revolution

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

The international agreement that is widely considered the most important environmental victory for a sustainable planet is

1. Kyoto protocol
2. The Montreal Protocol
3. The Clean Air Act of 1972
4. NAFTA
5. The Green Revolution

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

Global climate change could be best thought of as a(n)______ affecting a population’s size

1. Logistic growth factor
2. Endemic limiting factor
3. Density-dependent factor
4. Density-independent factor
5. Exponential growth factor

Ch19 Global Change Learning Check

Global climate change could be best thought of as a(n)______ affecting a population’s size

1. Logistic growth factor
2. Endemic limiting factor
3. Density-dependent factor
4. Density-independent factor
5. Exponential growth factor

TEDTalks on Global Climate Change

• The reality of climate change | David Puttnam | TEDxDublin
• What One Person Can Do About Climate Change | Ella Lagé | TEDxHamburg
• Averting the climate crisis - Al Gore

Svalbarg Seed Vault

• Let’s Change The Way We Talk About Climate Change | Jes Thompson | TEDxNMU

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