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Market Revolution

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1800: small, rural (5.5 million)

    not an actor on the world stage

1890: frontier gone; industrial giant

    population doubled every 22 years

    urbanization

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Industrial Revolution

    New England textiles: factory system 

    (Waltham)

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North:      urban, factory system

                farmers: subsistence --> market

                balance

                CAPITAL INTENSIVE

South:     large plantations dominate

                unbalanced

                increasing need for slaves

                LABOR INTENSIVE

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Cotton:     

North:      textiles & shipping

South:      chief export

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Transportation

Roads (post-War of 1812)

    National Road complete by 1840

    turnpikes

Canals

    usually by states

    Erie Canal (Albany to Buffalo), 1825

Steamboats

    Robert Fulton (1807)

    the West

Railroads

    Baltimore & Ohio first

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American Changes

  • Government involvement
    • Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837)
  • Wage labor replaces subsistence agriculture
  • Gender Roles
    • Manufacturing replaced homemade →
    • → home becomes a refuge from work concern
    • Women: nurture children, take care of working men
    • Separate spheres

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Boom and Bust Cycles

Labor and Money

    Hamilton: subsidies

    labor force training: schools

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                                                      Hamilton's grave in NY