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05.03 MOLECULES OF LIFE

Mrs. Jessica Romito

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SUMMARY, OBJECTIVES, AND STANDARDS

Review module

  • 05.03 Molecules of Life
    • Structures and functions of four macromolecules

Review assessment

  • 05.03 assignment submission

By the end of this class you will

  1. Identify the four molecules of life, their functions, and their monomers, and different examples of each
  2. Successfully complete assessment submission for 05.03

STANDARDS• SC.912.L.18.1: Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules. �• SC.912.L.18.2: Describe the important structural characteristics of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides and explain the functions of carbohydrates in living things. �• SC.912.L.18.3: Describe the structures of fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Explain the functions of lipids in living organisms. Identify some reactions that fatty acids undergo. Relate the structure and function of cell membranes. �• SC.912.L.18.4: Describe the structures of proteins and amino acids. Explain the functions of proteins in living organisms. Identify some reactions that amino acids undergo. Relate the structure and function of enzymes. �

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THE MOLECULES OF LIFE

CARBOHYDRATES

LIPIDS

PROTEINS

NUCLEIC ACIDS

What about vitamins and minerals?

Like vitamins C and D

And minerals like calcium and iron

And water!

These are needed for cellular activities & processes as well as body construction

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THE MOLECULES OF LIFE

PROVIDES ENERGY

FIBER

SWEETS AND BREADS

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THE MOLECULES OF LIFE

ENERGY STORAGE

& CELL GROWTH

UNSATURATED

OILS, FATTY MEATS

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THE MOLECULES OF LIFE

REPAIRING BODY PARTS, SUPPLYING ENERGY, AND FIGHTING INFECTIONS

22 DIFFERENT AMINO ACIDS; 8 WE MUST OBTAIN FROM FOODS

FISH, POULTRY, MILK, GRAINS, AND BEANS

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THE MOLECULES OF LIFE

What are the four major macromolecules?

    • Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

What three elements are found in all four of the major macromolecules?

    • Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

When the three main elements form a monosaccharide, it can make a six-carbon molecule called ___________________

    • Hexagon or simple sugar

Monosaccharides form into a _______ shape.

    • Hexagon

When you put two monosaccharides together it forms a _______, like lactose.

    • Disaccharide

When you put three or more monosaccharides together it forms _______, like glycogen.

    • Polysaccharide

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THE MOLECULES OF LIFE

There are three types of lipids: _______ , _______ , _______

    • (1) Fats, (2) phospholipids, (3) steroids

Describe the function of each type of lipid

    • (1) energy storage, (2) protective barriers, (3) control of all types of body functions.

Lipids are hydrophobic. This means….

    • Don’t mix well with water

Fatty acids are made from chains of carbon and hydrogen. How does the structure of phospholipids and steroids differ from fatty acids? 

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THE MOLECULES OF LIFE

In addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, what two elements are also found in proteins and nucleic acids?

    • Nitrogen and phosphorus

What is the function of proteins?

    • Enzymes,
    • Antibodies,
    • DNA-associated,
    • Contractile proteins (muscle contraction and movement),
    • Structural proteins (connective tissues),
    • Hormone proteins,
    • Transport proteins

Draw the general structure of a protein.

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THE MOLECULES OF LIFE

Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. Draw the general structure of a nucleotide.

What are the functions of DNA and RNA?

    • DNA, provides a blueprint for our body composition, structure, and overall function
    • RNA, codes for the proteins our cells need

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THE MOLECULES OF LIFE

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ASSIGNMENT 05.03

Complete the worksheet from module pages 2, 3 (pay attention to the structures!)

Use (PRINT OFF) the chart from module page 4

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ASSIGNMENT 05.03

Your task is to create three cartoon superheroes using

    • one type of carbohydrate,
    • one type of lipid, and
    • one protein.

The end product should have

    • three drawings,
      • each with the structure of the molecule incorporated in some way.
    • include a description of the character
      • and a creative name.
    • The description should include the following information:
      • The character’s special powers (what the nutrient does for the body)
      • How the character gets the special powers (List at least three foods that provide the nutrient)

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GRADING RUBRIC

Performance Criteria

Score 4

Score 3

Score 2

Score 1

Super Hero Nutrients��(Multiply by 6 = 24 maximum points possible) ��Three nutrient super heroes with the structure of the molecule incorporated, along with a description about the nutrient and the foods it can be found in.

There are three super hero nutrients with the correct rendering of structure and a full and accurate description of function and sources.

There are only two super hero nutrients with the correct rendering of structure and a full and accurate description of function and sources.

There is only one super hero nutrient with the correct rendering of structure and a full and accurate description of function and sources.

Although the student submitted heroes, none of the nutrients have the correct rendering of structure or a full and accurate description of function and sources.

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ASSIGNMENT 05.03 EXAMPLE

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Contact Information

Mrs. Jessica Romito

Phone Number: +1 (301) 485-9114

(text/call/WhatsApp)

Email: jromito@laurelsprings.com

Mrs. Romito's iClassroom

LSS Live Academic Help Room

Monday–Friday 8 am to 11 pm Eastern Time�5 am to 8 pm Pacific Time