Mr. Dineshkumar Pandharinath Pagar�P.G.T. English�JNV Beed�pagardinesh@rediffmail.com�7228858555�9909995855
Scheme of the presentation
Slide 3-4- Introduction
Slide 5 – Phrases & Clauses
Slide 6-17- presentation
Slide 18- Recapitulation
Slide 19 - Homework
-an alphabet, or a mixture of two or more alphabets in written form of language to communicate a specific meaning.
Students, what is the definition of word?
Students, what is a sentence?
The sentence is a word or a group of words that expresses a thorough idea in the form of a statement ,order, question or exclamation. It consists of a main clause and sometimes one or more subordinate .
clauses
A phrase does not include a subject and a verb relationship. e.g. My best friend
NO. S +V
NO MEANING IF USED ALONE
Phrases
S + V
COMPLETE SENTENCE WITH SVO structure & meaning.
Clauses
A clause is a group of words forming a part of a sentence and which has its own subject and predicate.
CLAUSES: Definition
He told me that Rahul was an honest boy.
Sentence 1(a)
Sentence 1(b)
Subject
Predicate
Clause 1
Clause 2
Subject
Predicate
CLAUSES
He told me that Rahul was an honest boy.
1. He told me.
2. That Rahul was an honest boy.
It’s a complete sentence because it gives the complete meaning.
It is not a complete sentence because it does not give the complete meaning. It has to depend upon first sentence.
Principal/independent Clause
Subordinate/dependent Clause
A clause that can stand by itself and still makes sense. An independent clause could be its own sentence, but is combined with other independent clauses or dependent clauses. Independent clauses are sometimes called essential or restrictive clauses.
Clauses: Independent clause
EXAMPLES OF INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
I am new at Power Point, but I like it!
I stuffed all the envelopes, and Jayesh took them to the post office.
I did all the work, but he took all the credit.
The soccer team traveled to Bostan, and they won their division
List of Coordinating Conjunctions (F A N B O Y S) | ||||||
For | And | Nor | But | Or | Yet | So |
A coordinating conjunction :
is a word that joins two elements of equal grammatical rank and syntactic importance. They can join two verbs, two nouns, two adjectives, two phrases, or Two Independent Clauses. And they should be remember as follows: FANBOYS
Clauses: Dependent clause
A dependent clause or a subordinate is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word.
e.g. When Virat hit the ball high in the sky. . .
(What happened when he hit? The thought is incomplete.)!!!
-The Officer whom he asked for directions was very kind.
-Because he answered so politely, the man called to compliment the officer.
-The Chief of Police was pleased by what he had heard.
Clause
Principal
Subordinate
Noun
Adjective
Adverb
Condition
Time
Reason
Place
Result/ Effect
Types of clauses: Dependent clause
A dependent marker word is a word added to the beginning of an independent clause that makes it into a dependent clause.
Dependent Marker Word /Subordinating Conjunctions .
Time |
after |
as soon as |
until |
wherever |
now that |
Reason |
because |
since |
so that |
in order that |
as |
Condition |
if |
if only |
unless |
provided that |
Place |
wherever |
where |
Manner |
How |
As though |
As if |
Clauses – How to identify different Clauses
SN | Clause | Identifying Connectors |
1 | Noun | That |
2 | Adjective | What, Where, Who, Which |
3 | Adverb | |
3.1 | Conditional Adverb | If, Unless, Provided, In Case |
3.2 | Time Adverb | When, Whenever, Till, Until, Before, After, Since, While, As, As soon as |
3.3. | Reason Adverb | Since, Because, For, As |
3.4 | Place Adverb | Where, Wherever |
3.5 | Result/ Effect Adverb | So, So that |
Noun clause is a subordinate clause that is used as a noun
within the main clause of a sentence
You can use a noun clause as a subject, a direct object, an indirect object or an object of a preposition.
Words that introduce noun clauses are:
How, if, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, why
Noun clauses
What Mary Kom did was brave and earned her praise from everyone. [Subject]
She finally discovered what the answer was. [Direct Object]
The clerk should tell whoever calls the sale prices. [Indirect Object]
He checks the ID cards of whoever visits. [Object of Preposition]
Adjective clauses
Adjective clauses function just as adjectives do-
Modify nouns/Modify pronouns
Adjective clauses are often introduced by relative pronouns- that, Whatever, which, Whichever
e.g. -This is the class that I like the best.
Central Library.
- They are the ones whom I prefer to teach.
Adverb clauses
- a subordinate clause that modifies (describes) a verb, an adjective or an adverb .
It tells when, where ,how, why, to what extent, or under what condition the action has happened .
e.g. - I found him dead when I reached there. (Time Clause)
- I was happy because I passed the test. (Clause of reason)
- You and your brother may come with us if you want to.
(Conditional Clause)
- My cousin Ajay reads faster than I do. (Clause of manner)
Recapitulation /Exercise- Identify the clause
Answers: 1. Adverbial Clauses (Place) 2. Adverbial Clauses (Place)
3. Adverbial clause (reason) 4. Adjective Clause (Game)
5. Adverbial Clause (Time) 6. Adverbial Clause (Time)
7. Adverbial Clause (Condition) 8. Adjective Clause (Car)
Homework :
A sheet is being distributed for practice, please identify the clauses and write the correct answer next to it.