Oval
Structure of face includes?
Eyes
Nose
Ears
Lips
Different leaf shapes
Different root types
11B05
Morphology of Flowering Plants
11B05 Morphology in Flowering Plants
Learning Objectives
Root
Stem
Leaves
Flower-I
Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Flower- II
Post Fertilization structures
11B05.1
Root
11B05.1- Root
11B05.1 Root
Dicot Seed
Monocot Seed
Radicle
Plumule
1. Absorption
Major Functions of the Root
11B05.1- Root
11B05.1 – Root
2. Anchorage
11B05.1 – Root
3. Synthesis of plant growth regulators (Cytokinin, Gibberellin, Auxin)
11B05.1- Root
4. Storage
11B05.1
CV 1
Root types based on Morphology
1. Fibrous Root System
Present in Monocots
E.g.: Wheat
11B05.1-Root
Main/ Primary root
Secondary and tertiary roots
E.g.- Mustard
2. Tap Root System
Present in Dicots
11B05.1-Root
E.g.: Banyan Tree
Function: extra support
3. Adventitious Roots
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . Type of root system present in Monocots
B) Adventitious root
C) Fibrous root
D) Secondary root
Solution: C) Fibrous root
Explanation: Tap root is characteristic to dicots and fibrous roots is characteristic to monocots
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
11B05.1
CV 2
Anatomy of Root
Anatomy of Root: Regions in a Root
11B05.1-Root
Anatomy of Root: Regions in a Root
Region of Maturation- The cells in the region of elongation are pushed above and mature to form this region. The epidermal cells produce root hairs.
Region of Meristematic activity-Cells are thin walled, dense cytoplasm and divide rapidly
Root Cap- Protects the tender root while growing into the soil.
Region Elongation- cells undergo rapid enlargement and results in growth of the root
11B05.1-Root
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . Root hairs are produced in which of the following regions-
B) Region of maturation
C) Root Cap
D) Region of elongation
Solution: B) Region of maturation
Explanation: Root cap covers the the fragile roots, region of meristematic activity is responsible for producing only new cells which mature and perform different cells, region of elongation has newly divided cells that undergo growth.
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
11B05.1
CV 3
Root Modifications
1. For storage of food
11B05.1-Root Modifications
Sweet Potato
Asparagus
Turnip
Carrot
A)Prop Root
E.g.: Banyan Tree
Function: extra support
3. Extra support- Adventitious roots
B) Stilt Root
E.g.: Maize, Sugarcane
Function: support
11B05.1-Root Modifications
C)Pnematophores
E.g.: Rhizophora
Function: extra support
4. For respiration- Adventitious roots
11B05.1-Root Modifications
Q . Pneumatophores are present in
B) Sugarcane
C) Mangroves
D) Maize
Solution: C) Mangroves
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
Summary/ Note Making
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 05 Minutes)
Reference Questions
NCERT: Q1, Q6 (b)
Workbook: Q3, Q12
11B05.2
Stem
11B05.2
CV 1
Stem Morphology
Recall Test
B) Maize
D) None of the above
A) Wheat
C) Monocots
A) Banyan tree
B) Sugarcane
C) Maize
D) Potato
A) Epidermal Cells
B) Cells of zone of maturation
C) Cells of zone of meristematic activity
D) Both A and B
Q1. Secondary and Tertiary roots are characteristic to:
Q2. Prop root is present in ?
Q3. Which of the following cells gives rise to root hairs?
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 03 Minutes)
A) Stilt root
B) Prop Root
C) Pneumatophores
D) Both B and C
A) Zone of maturation
B) Zone of meristematic activity
C) Zone of elongation
D) Zone of division
Q4. Modification of root for gaseous exchange is known as -
Q5. Which of the following zone undergoes rapid cell division?
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 03 Minutes)
Sol.1 D)
Sol.2 A)
Sol.3 D)
Sol.4 C)
Sol.5 B)
Answers
11B05.2- Stem
2. Bears fruits flowers and leaves
3. Storage
4. Protection
5 . Support
6 . Vegetative Propagation
11B05.2- Stem
Terminal Bud
Axillary Bud
Leaf
Node
Internode
11B05.2 Stem
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q .
B) Strawberry
C) Chrysanthemum
D) Banana
Solution: B) Strawberry
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
11B05.2
CV 2
Stem Modifications
Did you know that potato is a stem modification?
nodes containing buds
Potato is the swollen tip of an underground stem branch (stolon). It has nodes (eyes) which consist of one or more buds subtended by a leaf scar. Adventitious roots also arise during sprouting. It has nodes, internodes and leaf, which is characteristic to stem.
Potato is therefore an underground stem modification.
11B05.2- Stem
Potato
Ginger
Colocasia
Turmeric
Thorn and Spines
Tendril
2. Protection
E.g. cucumber, pumpkins, watermelon and grapevines
E.g. Bougainvillea, Citrus
3. Support
11B05.2- Stem
Opuntia- Flattened stem
Euphorbia- Fleshy Stem
4. Photosynthesis
11B05.2- Stem
4. Vegetative Propagation
11B05.2- Stem
Chrysanthemum
B. Sucker- Banana, Pineapple and Chrysanthemum, Jasmine
11B05.2- Stem
Main shoot
Suckers
Pineapple
New plant from the suckers
Main Plant
B. Sucker- Banana, Pineapple and Chrysanthemum, Jasmine
11B05.2- Stem
Banana
Sucker
Pistia
C. Stolon
Eichhornia -water hyacinth
11B05.2- Stem
Stolon
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . An example of vegetative reproduction via Runner
B) Strawberry
C) Chrysanthemum
D) Banana
Solution: B) Strawberry
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
Summary/ Note Making
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 05 Minutes)
Reference Questions
NCERT: Q2 (i), Q8
Workbook: Q4, Q13, Q17, Q20
11B05.3
Leaf
Recall Test
B) Opuntia
D) Colocasia
A) Watermelon
C) Bougainvillea
A) Opuntia and pumpkins
B) Euphorbia and Eichhornia
C) Pistia and Eichhonornia
D) Opuntia and Euphorbia
A) Banana and Euphorbia
B) Strawberry and Eichhornia
C) Banana and Chrysanthemum
D) Pineapple and Eicchornia
Q1. Tendril is present in:
Q2. The examples of stem modified to perform the function of leaves :
Q3. Suckers are present in:
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 03 Minutes)
A) Pineapple
B) Pistia
C) watermelon
D) Bougainvillea
A) Pumpkin and Pineapple
B) Pineapple and Watermelon
C) Pumpkin and Banana
D) Cucumber and Pumpkins
Q4. Example of vegetative propagation by Stolon is:
Q5. Stems are modified for support in:
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 03 Minutes)
Sol.1 A)
Sol.2 D)
Sol.3 C)
Sol.4 B)
Sol.5 D)
Answers
11B05.3
CV 1
Leaf Morphology
Axillary bud
Branch
11B05.3- Leaf
Axil
Axillary bud
Petiole
Lamina
Stipule
Node
Lamina/ leaf blade consists of veins and veinlets.
11B05.3- Leaf
Lamina
Petiole
Leaf base
Midrib
Veins
Veinlets
Central vein- Midrib.
Veins- Provide rigidity to the leaf, help in transport of water and food materials.
11B05.3- Leaf
Shoot Apical Meristem
Leaves arising from Shoot apical meristem in acropetal succession
Apical bud
Leaf Base expands into a sheath
Sheath covers the stem Wholly
Sheath covers the stem Partially
Leaf Sheath covering the stem
Stem
Pulvinus
Leaf Base becomes Swollen
E.g. Legumes
I
II
E.g. Monocotyledons
11B05.3- Leaf
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . Leaf base in legumes can become swollen to form:
B) Lamina
C) Pulvinus
D) Stipule
Solution: C) Pulvinus
Explanation: Lamina is the expanded and flattened structure in a leaf, Stalk of a lead is called petiole, leaf like structure that arises from the base of the leaf is called stipule.
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
11B05.3
CV 2
Venation and Types of leaves
Parallel
E.g.- Monocots (Wheat, Rice)
Reticulate
E.g.- Dicots
Mustard, Mango
Venation- Arrangement of veins and veinlets on the lamina of the leaf.
11B05.3- Leaf
Leaf Types
Simple Leaf
Compound Leaf
Lamina is entire
Lamina is incised but incisions do not touch the midbrib.
Incisions
Incisions in the leaf lamina touch the midrib dividing it into leaflets.
Rachis
Pinnately Compound
Palmately Compound
E.g. Silk Cotton
E.g. Neem
11B05.3- Leaf
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . Example of Pinnately Compound leaf:
B) Rice
C) Mustard
D) Neem
Solution: D) Neem
Explanation: Wheat and rice have simple leaf without incisions and incisions do not touch the midrib. Mustard also has simple leaf without segmented leaves.
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
11B05.3
CV 3
Phyllotaxy and Modification of leaves
11B05.3- Leaf
Phyllotaxy- Pattern of arrangement of leaves on stem or branch.
For proper exposure of leaves to get sunlight.
Alternate
Opposite arrangement
Opposite
Alternate arrangement
E.g. china rose
E.g. Calotropis and guava
Whorled
E.g. Alstonia
11B05.3- Leaf
Phyllotaxy- Pattern of arrangement of leaves on stem or branch.
11B05.3- Leaf
Leaf Modifications
Leaves are modified to perform function other than photosynthesis
2. Protection- spines
Pea Plant
Opuntia
Cactus
11B05.3- Leaf
Leaf Modifications
3. Storage- onion and garlic
Leaf
Stem
Roots
Flower
Stem
Scale leaves
Roots
11B05.3- Leaf
Leaf Modifications
4. Petioles perform photosynthesis
Australian Acacia- leaves -shortlived, petioles take over the function of leaves.
11B05.3- Leaf
Leaf Modifications
5. Food capture
Venus Fly trap
Pitcher plant
Did you know that onion is both a stem and a leaf modification?
Onion is a compressed modified stem which is known as the bulb. The leaves become fleshly and store food known as scaly leaves.
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . Opposite arrangement of leaf is present in :
B) Alstonia
C) China rose
D) Guava
Solution: D) Guava
Explanation: In Alstonia, leaves show whorled arrangement. In China rose and pea arrangement of leaves is alternate.
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
Summary/ Note Making
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 05 Minutes)
Summary/ Note Making
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 05 Minutes)
Reference Questions
NCERT: Q6, Q12
Workbook: Q1, Q4, Q9, Q13, Q15, Q19
11B05.4
Flower Part-I
Recall Test
B) Guava
D) Alstonia
A) Calotropis
C) Euphorbia
A) Maize and pumpkin
B) Maize and guava
C) Mustard and china rose
D) Mustard and Calotropis
B) Shoot apical meristem
C) internode
D) apical buds
Q1. Example of Whorled Phyllotaxy is:
Q2. Reticulate venation and alternate arrangement is present in which of the following respectively.
Q3. Leaves arise from-
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 03 Minutes)
A) Veinlet
B) Vein
C) Midrib
D) Rachis
A) Cactus
B) Pea
C) Neem
D) Australian Acacia
Q4. The main vein in a simple leaf is called-
Q5. Petioles perform photosynthesis:
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 03 Minutes)
Sol.1 D)
Sol.2 C)
Sol.3 B)
Sol.4 C)
Sol.5 D)
Answers
Flower is a modified shoot
11B05.4
CV 1
Calyx and Corolla
Calyx is free
Calyx/ Sepal- Green in colour, function- to protect the flower in bud stage.
Gamosepalous
Polysepalous
Calyx is fused
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Calyx / Sepals
Corolla is free
Gamopetalous
Corolla / Petals
Polypetalous
Corolla is fused
Corolla/ Petal - Various coloured, to attract insects/birds for pollination.
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Perianth/ Tepal- Sepal+Petal
When Sepal and Petal are not distinguishable and fused
Fused
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q : The term used when sepal and petals cannot be distinguished:
B) Perianth
C) Polypetalous
D) Both A and B
Solution: D) Both A and B
Explanation: Both tepal and perianth are synonymous and used when petals and sepals cannot be distinguished. Tepal is the singular form, collectively it is called perianth.
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
11B05.4
CV 2
Androecium and Gynoecium
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
There are four whorls in a flower.
Calyx(Sepals)
Corolla (Petals)
Gynoecium/ Female reproductive organ
Androecium/ Male reproductive organ
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Reproductive parts of a flower
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Male Reproductive Part
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Female Reproductive Part
Sterile stamen is called staminode.
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Epipetalous- attached to petals
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Epiphyllous- attached to periath
E.g- Brinjal
E.g- Lily
Stamens
Polyandrous- Stamens free
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Stamens united
E.g- Brinjal
E.g- Lily
Stamens
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Stamens united- varying degrees
E.g- China Rose (Hibiscus)
Stamens
Monoadelphous- one bundle
Diadelphous- two bundles
One free
Rest of the stamens in a bundle
E.g- Pea
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Stamens united- varying degrees
Stamens
Polyadhelphous- more than two bundles
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Gynoecium
Monocarpellary
Multicarpellary
Single pistil
More than one pistil
Apocarpous
Syncarpous
Carpels/Pistil free
Carpels/Pistil fused
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Syncarpous Ovary
Multicarpellary
Syncarpous- Mustard and tomato
Apocarpous-Lotus and rose
More than one carpel/pistil
Carpel fused
Carpels free
Apocarpous Ovary
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Ovule
After Fertilisation
Fruit
Ovary
Seed
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . Sterile stamen is termed as:
B) Polyandrous
C) Polyadelphous
D) Both A and C
Solution: A) Staminode
Explanation: The condition where stamens are free is called polyandrous and when the stamens are present in more than two bundles it represents polyadelphous condition.
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
11B05.4
CV 3
Aestivation
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Arrangement of petals/ sepals in a whorl w.r.t other members of the whorl.
Aestivation
E.g. Calotropis
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
2. Twisted
E.g. China rose, lady’s finger and Cotton
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
3. Imbricate
E.g. Cassia and Gulmohur
No particular direction of overlapping
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Standard (largest)
Wing/ Lateral petals
Keel
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Vexillary
E.g. Pea and Bean
11B05.4- Flower Part-I
Pea (Pisum sativum), showing vexillary aestivation
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . Terms-Keel, wing and standard- are used in which of the following type of aestivation:
B) Vexillary
C) Imbricate
D) Twisted
Solution: B) Vexillary
Explanation: In vexillary aestivation, largest petal is called standard, two lateral petals are called wing, and the smallest one is called the keel.
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
1. Accessory whorls of a flower are calyx and corolla. Calyx can be fused (gamosepalous) or free (polysepalous). Similarly, Corolla can be fused (Polypetalous) or free (Gampopetalous).
2. Androecium (stamen) and Gynoecium (Pistil) are the reproductive parts of a flower.
3. Androecium- may be free (Polyandrous) or fused to form one single bundle (monoadelphous), two bundles (diadelphous), more than two bundles (polyadelphous).
Summary/ Note Making
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 05 Minutes)
4. Carpels (Pistil) may be moncarpellary (single pistil/carpel) free (apocarpous) or Fused (syncarpous).
5. Aestivation is the arrangement of sepals or petals with respect to others members in a whorl. It can be valvate, twisted, imbricate or vexillary.
Reference Questions
NCERT: Q5 (a), (g), Q6(c), Q11
Workbook: Q18, Q10
11B05.5
Flower Part-II
11B05.5
CV 1
Inflorescence
Recall Test
B) Guava
D) Pea
A) Calotropis
C) China rose
A) Carpel and Ovule
B) Ovule and Ovary
C) Ovary and Ovule
D) Pistil and Ovule
B) Free petals or free sepals
C) multiple and free carpels
D) multiple and fused carpels
Q1. Example of valvate aestivation:
Q2. After Fertilisation which of the following parts forms fruit and seed respectively:
Q3. Syncarpous refers to -
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 03 Minutes)
A) Calyx, Corolla, Androecium, Gynoecium
C) Gynoecium, Androecium, Calyx, Corolla
A) petals and sepals fused
B) stamens attached to calyx
C) stamens attached to corolla
D) multiple stamens and fused
Q4. Name the Whorls of a flower starting from the innermost whorl:
Q5. Epipetalous condition refers to:
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 03 Minutes)
B) Gynoecium, Androecium, Corolla, Calyx
D) Corolla, Calyx, Gynoecium, Androecium
Sol.1 A)
Sol.2 C)
Sol.3 D)
Sol.4 B)
Sol.5 C)
Answers
Racemose
Inflorescence
Cymose
11B05.5- Flower Part-II
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . In racemose inflorescence:
B) Flowers are borne in basipetal succession, Main Axis terminates into flower
C) Flowers are borne in basipetal succession, Main Axis continues to grow.
D) Flowers are borne in acropetal succession, main axis terminates into flower.
Solution: A) Flowers are borne in acropetal succession, Main Axis continues to grow.
Explanation: In cymose inflorescence, flowers are borne in basipetal succession and main axis terminates into flower.
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
11B05.5
CV 2
Placentation
Placentation- Arrangement of ovules within ovary.
11B05.5- Flower Part-II
E.g.: Pea
11B05.5- Flower Part-II
Placenta - form ridge along the ventral suture of the ovary, where ovules are present.
2. Axile
E.g.: China rose, tomato and lemon
Section of Tomato showing axile placentation
11B05.5- Flower Part-II
3. Parietal
E.g.: Mustard and Argemone
Section of Cucumber
11B05.5- Flower Part-II
4. Free Central
E.g.: Dianthus and Primrose
Ovules
Central Axis
11B05.5- Flower Part-II
5. Basal
E.g.: sunflower, marigold
Ovule
11B05.5- Flower Part-II
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . Septa is absent in which of the following placentation?
B) Parietal
C) Free central
D) Basal
Solution: C) Free Central
Explanation: In parietal placentation, ovary becomes two chambered due to the presence of a false septa. In free central, septa is absent and ovules are borne on the central axis.
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
11B05.5
CV 3
Types of Flowers
A) Based on symmetry
11B05.5- Flower Part-II
Asymmetric- E.g.- Canna
Actinomorphic
Zygomorphic
B) Based on Floral Appendages
11B05.5- Flower Part-II
Trimerous
Tetramerous
Pentamerous
C) Based on presence or absence of bracts
11B05.5- Flower Part-II
Bracteate- Bracts Present
Ebracteate- Bracts Present
Bract is a modified leaf. Function: Attract pollinators, Provide protection to the inflorescences.
D) Based on position of Ovary
11B05.5- Flower Part-II
Ovary -Superior
2. Perigynous Flower
E.g.: Mustard, China Rose, Brinjal
E.g.: Plum, Rose, Peach
Ovary - Half inferior
3. Epigynous Flower
E.g.: Guava, Cucumber
Ovary Inferior
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . The flower which can be divided into two equal radial halves in any radial plane passing through the centre:
B) Asymmetric
C) Zygomorphic
D) Actinomorphic
Solution: D) Actinomorphic
Explanation: Radial and asymmetric terms are synonymous, they both mean - a flower that cannot be divided into similar halves in any vertical plane, passing through the center. The flower which can be divided into two equal halves in any one single plane.
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
1. Inflorescence is of two types: Racemose and cymose. In racemose inflorescence, the main axis continues to grow. In cymose inflorescence, the main axis terminates into flower.
2. The arrangement of ovules within an ovary is called placentation. Placentation can be Axile, Marginal, Free-central, Parietal or Basal.
3. The flower can be classified based on the flower symmetry, based upon number of floral appendages, presence or absence of bracts and position of ovary.
Summary/ Note Making
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 05 Minutes)
4. The flower with superior ovary is called hypogynous flower, the flower with inferior ovary is called epigynous.
Reference Questions
NCERT: Q13, Q2
Workbook: Q16, Q14
11B05.6
Post-Fertilization Structures
Recall Test
B) Axile
D) Parietal
A) Free Central
C) Basal
A) Hypogynous
B) Perigynous
C) Epigynous
D) Both A and B
B) Zygomorphic
C) Epigynous
D) Hypogynous
Q2. The flower in which ovary is half inferior is called?
Q3. The flower in which floral parts arise at the base of the ovary-
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 03 Minutes)
Q1. Ovules are borne on the central axis in which of the following placentation?
A) Tertramerous, Bracteate
B) Trimerous, Ebracteate
C) Petamerous, Bracteate
D) Trimerous, bracteate
A) Mustard
B) Argemone
C) Cucumber
D) All of the Above
Q4. If a flower has three petals and bracts are absent what will be the terms used for such a flower?
Q5. Example of parietal placentation:
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 03 Minutes)
Sol.1 A)
Sol.2 B)
Sol.3 D)
Sol.4 B)
Sol.5 D)
Answers
11B05.6
CV 1
Fruit
Epicarp
Mesocarp (Fleshy)
Endocarp(Stony)
Seed
Pericarp
Monocarpellary, superior ovary
Fruit- Drupe
11B05.6 Post-Fertilisation Structures
Fruit- Drupe
Endocarp(Stony)
Endosperm
Mesocarp (fibrous)
Epicarp
11B05.6 Post-Fertilization Structures
Pollen grains (Male gamete) + Ovule (Female egg)= Fertilization
Ovule
Fruit
Ovary
Seed
Parthenocarpy- Fruit formed without fertilization
11B05.6 Post-Fertilisation Structures
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . The gynoecium consists of single pistil in which of the following plant?
B) Banana
C) Coconut
D) Cocos nucifera
Solution: A) Mangifera indica
Explanation: In Flower Part-I we studied that monocarpellary gynoecium consists of single pistil, and in fruit topic we studied that mango develops from monocarpellary ovaries. The scientific name of mango is Mangifera indica. Therefore, the correct option is A.
Pause the Video
(Time Duration : 02 Minutes)
11B05.6
CV 2
Seed
Outermost covering of seed
Seed Coat
Seed Coat
Testa
Tegmen
A scar on the seed coat through which the developing seeds were attached to the fruit.
Hilum
11B05.6 Post-Fertilization Structures
Structure of Seed
Dicots
Plumule
Radicle
Hilum
Micropyle
Seed Coat
11B05.6 Post-Fertilization Structures
Structure of Seed
Monocots
Plumule
Coleorhiza
Radicle
scutellum
Pericarp
Endosperm
Pericarp- The Outermost layer, Protection
Scutellum- cotyledon
Endosperm- The structure that surrounds the embryo, Nourishes the embryo
Plumule- Future Shoot
Radicle- Future Root
Coleorhiza- Covering of Radicle
11B05.6 Post-Fertilization Structures
Aleurone layer- Proteinaceous layer
Endospermous Seeds
Non-Endospermous Seeds
Endosperm persists in the mature seed
E.g.- Coconut and Castor, maize, barley
Endosperm is completely consumed by the developing embryo
E.g.- Pea, grams, beans
Seeds
11B05.6 Post-Fertilization Structures
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . The cotyledon of monocots is called ?
B) Coleorhiza
C) Hilum
D) Scutellum
Solution: D) Scutellum
Explanation: Coleorhiza is the covering of roots in monocots, hilum is a scar representing the attachment between fruits and seeds.
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1. After fertilization, ovary develops into fruit and ovules develop into seed. Fruit consists of a wall (pericarp) and seeds. The pericarp can be dry or fleshy. When pericarp is thick and fleshy, it is differentiated into the outer epicarp, the middle mesocarp and the inner endocarp.
3. In some seeds endosperms remain even after maturation and such seeds are called endospermous, while in some seeds the endosperm is entirely consumed by the developing embryo. Such seeds are called non-endospermous.
Summary/ Note Making
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2. Dicot and Monocot seed have different structures. In monocots cotyledon is called scutellum. In both monocots and dicots plumule gives rise to shoot and radicle gives rise to root.
Reference Questions
NCERT: Q7
Workbook: Q8
11B05.7
Floral formula and Floral Diagram
Recall Test
B) Castor
D) All of the Above
A) Cocos nucifera
C) Barley
A) Radicle
B) Coleorhiza
C) Pumule
D) Coleoptile
B) Rice and Maize
C) Mustard and Maize
D) Both A and B
Q1. The example for endospermous seeds:
Q2. The root forming part of the seed is called?
Q3. The proteinaceous layer surrounding the embryo is present in:
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A) Periderm
B) Mesocarp
C) Pericarp
D) Endocarp
A) Monocarpellary ovary
B) Multicarpellary Ovary
C) Bicarpellary Ovary
D) None of the Above
Q4. The outermost layer of the fruit is called-
Q5. The fruit in mango develops from?
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Sol.1 D)
Sol.2 A)
Sol.3 D)
Sol.4 C)
Sol.5 A)
Answers
11B05.7
CV 1
Floral Formula
11B05.7 Floral Formula
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Stamens are free and 20 in number
Polyandrous Condition
Symbol- A20
20 not placed in bracket as stamens are not fused
Androecium
Stamens are united in a single bundle, 10 in number
monoadelphous Condition
Symbol- A(10)
10 is placed in bracket as stamens are united in a single bundle
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Stamens are united in a two bundles, 10 in number
Diadelphous Condition
Symbol- A9+1
Similarly if 12 stamens are arranged in diadelphous condition, it can be in 6+6 form, 4+2 form and so on
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Stamens are united in more than two bundles (4 in each bundle)
Polyadelphous condition
Symbol- A4+4+4
If there are any fusion, use bracket
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Adhesion between two whorls
Symbol- Arc
For example if Androecium is attached to the corolla, condition is epipetalous
Symbol- A C
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q. The floral formula for Ebracteate, Zygomorphic, Bisexual,hypogynous flower, Tepals 5 in number and free, Tricarpellary and syncarpous ovary, stamens 10 and show diadelphous, condition will be-
D) Ebr % ⚥ P5 A8+1+1 G(3 )
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C) Ebr ⊕ ⚥ P5 A10 Ḡ(3)
B) Br ⊕ ♀️P5 A3+3+3+1 G(3
Solution: A) Ebr % ⚥ P5 A9+1 G(3)
Explanation: Absence of bracts is represented by EBr, Zygomorphic flower is represented by %, Bisexual flower means male and female parts both are present and is represented by symbol- ⚥, Tepal/Perianth is represented by- P, Androecium is represented by A, in the question the stamens are mentioned 10 but in diadelphous condition, means the stamens would be arranged in two bundles. In the options given, only in option A) Androecium is mentioned in 9+1 condition i.e. in two bundles. In option options Androecium has polyadelphous condition (3+3+3+1 and 8+1+1) and option D shows polyandrous condition where stamens are free and 10 in number.
11B05.7
CV 2
Floral Diagram
Calyx
Corolla
Androecium
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Gynoecium
Unilocular Ovary, single ovule
Bilocular Ovary
Trilocular Ovary Axile placentation
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Fabaceae :Earlier known as Papilionoideae, Sub-family of leguminosae
Leaves: Alternate, pinnately compound or simple; leaf base, pulvinate, venation reticulate
Inflorescence: Racemose
Fruit: Legume
Seeds: non-endospermic
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Flowers: Zygomorphic, Bisexual
Calyx: sepals five, gamosepalous, imbricate
/valvate aestivation
Corolla: Petals five, Polypetalous vexillary aestivation
Fabaceae : Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Androecium: 10, Diadelphous, 9 fused and one free
Gynoecium: Ovary superior, monocarpellary, unilocular
Floral Formula
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Solanaceae
Leaves: Alternate, simple leaf, rarely pinnately compound, venation
reticulate
Inflorescence: Solitary or Cymose
Fruit: berry or capsule
Seeds: endospermic
Inflorescence of �Solanum nigrum
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Flowers: Actinomorphic
Bisexual
Calyx: Sepals-5, united, valvate aestivation
Corolla: Petals-5, united, valvate aestivation
Solanaceae: Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Androecium: Stamens-5, united epipetalous
Gynoecium: bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, bilocular, many ovules
Floral Formula
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Liliaceae
Leaves: Alternate, simple leaf, rarely pinnately compound, venation
reticulate
Inflorescence: Solitary or Cymose, umbel
Fruit: capsule, rarely berry
Seeds: endospermic
Inflorescence of �Allium cepa (umbel)
11B05.7 Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Flowers: Actinomorphic
Bisexual
Perianth: Tepal in 3+ 3 arrangement, often united in a tube, valvate aestivation
Liliaceae: Floral Formula and Floral Diagram
Androecium: Stamens-6, 3+3 arrangement
Gynoecium: tricarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, trilocular, many ovules, axile placentation
Floral Formula
Concept Test
Ready for a Challenge
Q . In which of the following families the fruit is berry or capsule and seeds are endospermous
B) Solanaceae
C) Liliaceae
D) Brassicaceae
Solution: B) Solanaceae
Explanation: In Liliaceae, the fruit is capsule, rarely berry and seed is endospermous, In fabaceae, the fruit is a legume and the seed is non-endospermic
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gynoecium, -unisexual: only androecium.
2. Floral Formula: K - Used for calyx, P- for perianth, A- for
Androecium, G superior ovary, Ḡ inferior ovary.
3. Floral Formula: fusion within two whorls is represented by an arc. E.g-
Summary/ Note Making
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4. Floral Diagram:
Calyx
Corolla
Androecium
Gynoecium
Summary/ Note Making
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Unilocular Ovary
Bilocular Ovary
Trilocular Ovary Axile placentation
Gynoecium
Summary/ Note Making
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5. Floral Diagram:
Valvate aestivation
Twisted aestivation
Imbricate aestivation
Vexillary aestivation
Reference Questions
NCERT: Q9, Q15
Workbook: Q7