Maintain Tools and Equipment: TLE Grade 7
Content Standards and Performance Standards
The key expectations for students in this Technology and Livelihood Education course:
Content Standards
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the uses and maintenance of hand tools, power tools, instruments, and equipment.
Performance Standards
The learners perform mensuration and calculations following safety precautions.
Learning Competencies and Objectives
Learning Competency: Identify the uses and maintenance of hand tools, power tools, instruments, and equipment.
Identify Types of Manuals
Students will learn to recognize and use different equipment manuals for proper operation and maintenance.
Methods of Preventive Maintenance
Students will enumerate various methods and techniques used in preventive maintenance of tools and equipment.
Practice Preventive Maintenance
Students will apply preventive maintenance methods and techniques in practical, hands-on activities.
At the end of the lesson, students will achieve these learning objectives while developing essential skills in tool and equipment maintenance.
Learning Resources
References
Cunanan, R.C. (n.d.). K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum TLE Learning Module
Other Learning Resources
Santelices, D.R. (n.d.). K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum TLE Learning Module
Additional Materials
Tan, M.E. (n.d.). K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum TLE Learning Module
Activating Prior Knowledge
Students will match descriptions with the correct type of manual to activate their prior knowledge about different documentation types.
Technical Manual
Contains detailed technical specifications, troubleshooting guides, and component diagrams.
Instruction Manual
Provides step-by-step guidance for assembly, installation, or basic operation of products.
Safety Manual
Outlines safety procedures, hazard prevention, and emergency protocols for equipment operation.
Service Manual
Details maintenance procedures, repair techniques, and parts replacement information.
Pre-Assessment: Identify the type of manual being described in each statement. Choose from: User Manual, Technical Manual, Instruction Manual, Training Manual, Policy and Procedure Manual, Service Manual, Operations Manual, or Safety Manual.
Pre-Assessment Questions
Identify the type of manual described in each example below:
Question 1
A booklet that comes with a newly purchased smartphone, explaining how to set it up and use its features.
Question 2
A guide given to new employees that outlines workplace rules, dress code, and ethical policies.
Question 3
A handbook that contains detailed steps on how to repair and troubleshoot air conditioning units.
Question 4
A document used in companies to train new workers on how to operate a machine properly.
Question 5
A safety booklet that explains the proper use of fire extinguishers and emergency evacuation plans.
Pre-Assessment Answers
1. User Manual
A booklet that comes with a newly purchased smartphone, explaining how to set it up and use its features.
2. Policy and Procedure Manual
A guide given to new employees that outlines workplace rules, dress code, and ethical policies.
3. Service Manual
A handbook that contains detailed steps on how to repair and troubleshoot air conditioning units.
Pre-Assessment Answers (Continued)
Training Manual
A document used in companies to train new workers on how to operate a machine properly.
Safety Manual
A safety booklet that explains the proper use of fire extinguishers and emergency evacuation plans.
Lesson Purpose and Intention
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to understand and apply preventive maintenance concepts in various contexts.
Understand the Concept
Define preventive maintenance and differentiate it from corrective maintenance. Explore its importance across manufacturing, IT, and household applications.
Identify Methods and Techniques
Learn different approaches like scheduled maintenance, condition-based monitoring, and predictive maintenance, including lubrication, inspection, cleaning, and calibration.
Demonstrate Proper Application
Apply methods to real-life scenarios like maintaining electrical appliances, computer systems, and vehicles. Practice correct tool usage and safety protocols.
Recognize the Benefits
Understand how regular maintenance reduces costs, improves efficiency, and prevents equipment failure, leading to increased productivity and safety.
Vocabulary: Methods and Techniques in Preventive Maintenance (1-5)
1. Preventive Maintenance
Regularly scheduled maintenance to prevent equipment failure and extend its lifespan.
2. Corrective Maintenance
Repairs performed after a failure has occurred to restore equipment functionality.
3. Scheduled Maintenance
Routine maintenance performed at predetermined time intervals.
4. Predictive Maintenance
Using data and monitoring tools to predict when maintenance is needed before failure occurs.
5. Condition-Based Monitoring (CBM)
A technique where maintenance is performed based on the actual condition of the equipment.
Vocabulary: Methods and Techniques in Preventive Maintenance (6-10)
6. Inspection
The process of examining equipment for signs of wear, damage, or performance issues.
7. Calibration
Adjusting equipment to ensure accurate measurements and proper functioning.
8. Lubrication
Applying oil or grease to reduce friction and wear on moving parts.
9. Cleaning
Removing dirt, dust, or debris that may cause equipment failure or inefficiency.
10. Diagnostics
Testing and analyzing equipment to detect potential issues before they become serious problems.
Vocabulary: Methods and Techniques in Preventive Maintenance (11-15)
11. Downtime
The period when a machine or system is not operational due to maintenance or failure.
12. Troubleshooting
Identifying and solving problems in equipment or systems.
13. Maintenance Schedule
A planned timetable for performing maintenance activities.
14. Wear and Tear
The gradual deterioration of equipment over time due to regular use.
15. Failure Analysis
Investigating the cause of equipment failure to prevent future occurrences.
Vocabulary: Methods and Techniques in Preventive Maintenance (16-20)
16. Efficiency
The ability of a machine or system to function effectively with minimal waste of resources.
17. Safety Procedures
Guidelines followed to ensure maintenance is performed without risk of injury or damage.
18. Replacement
Swapping out old or damaged parts with new ones to maintain equipment functionality.
19. Energy Efficiency
The ability of a system to use less energy while maintaining performance.
20. Proactive Maintenance
Taking steps to prevent problems before they occur, rather than reacting to issues after they arise.
The Importance of Preventive Maintenance
Performing basic preventive maintenance is one of the most important routines in a workplace. Through this, the lifespan of tools and equipment will increase and they can be used for longer period of time.
Common Methods in Preventive Maintenance (1-2)
1. Scheduled Maintenance
Establishing a regular maintenance schedule based on equipment manufacturer recommendations, historical performance data, and industry best practices. Scheduled maintenance tasks are performed at predetermined intervals (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly) to inspect, clean, lubricate, adjust, or replace components as needed.
2. Tightening and Adjustment
Checking and tightening loose fasteners, bolts, nuts, belts, chains, and other mechanical components to prevent excessive movement, misalignment, or loss of tension. Proper adjustment of equipment settings and controls ensures optimal performance and prevents premature wear or damage.
Common Methods in Preventive Maintenance (3-5)
3. Inspections
Conducting routine visual inspections of equipment to identify any signs of damage, wear, or deterioration. Inspections involve checking for loose or worn parts, leaks, unusual noises, vibrations, or any other abnormalities that may indicate potential issues.
4. Lubrication Management
Implementing a systematic lubrication program to ensure that equipment components are properly lubricated to reduce friction, minimize wear, and extend service life. This involves using the correct type and quantity of lubricants and following recommended lubrication schedules.
5. Cleaning and Housekeeping
Maintaining a clean and organized work environment to prevent contaminants, debris, or foreign objects from interfering with equipment operation. Regular cleaning of equipment surfaces, air intakes, filters, and cooling systems helps prevent overheating and component damage.
Group Activity Instructions
Follow these four steps to complete your preventive maintenance group activity:
Step 1: Form Groups
Form groups of 4-5 members.
Step 2: Equipment Assignment
Each group will be assigned one piece of equipment (e.g., computer, air conditioner, car engine, kitchen appliance, or industrial machine).
Step 3: Identify Common Issues
List at least three possible problems that could occur with your assigned equipment.
Step 4: Choose a Preventive Maintenance Method
Based on the listed problems, suggest a suitable preventive maintenance method (e.g., inspection, lubrication, cleaning, calibration).
Group Activity Instructions (Continued)
Follow these final steps to complete your group maintenance project:
Step 5: Create a Maintenance Plan
Outline a basic maintenance plan that includes maintenance tasks, frequency of maintenance (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly), and required tools and materials.
Step 6: Presentation
Each group will present their findings and maintenance plan to the class, explaining their approach and recommendations.
Example: Computer Maintenance Plan
1. Identify Issues
Overheating, slow performance, dust accumulation
2. Choose Methods
Cleaning, software updates, component inspection
3. Create Schedule
Weekly dust removal, monthly software updates
4. Implement Plan
Follow maintenance schedule with proper tools
5. Evaluate Results
Monitor performance improvements and adjust plan
Example: Air Conditioner Maintenance Plan
1. Identify Issues
Clogged filters, refrigerant leaks, electrical problems
2. Choose Methods
Filter cleaning, leak inspection, electrical testing
3. Create Schedule
Monthly filter cleaning, seasonal professional check
4. Implement Plan
Follow maintenance schedule with proper tools
5. Evaluate Results
Monitor cooling efficiency and energy usage
Example: Car Engine Maintenance Plan
1. Identify Issues
Oil degradation, belt wear, filter clogging
2. Choose Methods
Oil changes, belt inspection, filter replacement
3. Create Schedule
Oil change every 5000km, annual belt inspection
4. Implement Plan
Follow maintenance schedule with proper tools
5. Evaluate Results
Monitor engine performance and fuel efficiency
Benefits of Preventive Maintenance
Regular maintenance of equipment provides numerous advantages for organizations:
Maximized Equipment Lifespan
Extended useful life of tools and equipment through regular care and maintenance.
Improved Safety
Reduced risk of accidents from equipment failure when components are regularly inspected.
Increased Reliability
More consistent equipment performance when potential issues are addressed early.
Reduced Downtime
Less unexpected breakdowns and repairs that interrupt workflow and productivity.
Cost Savings
Lower repair costs and replacement expenses through proactive maintenance practices.
Preventive vs. Corrective Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
Corrective Maintenance
Types of Preventive Maintenance
Time-Based Maintenance
Performed at regular time intervals regardless of equipment condition (e.g., monthly, quarterly, annually)
Usage-Based Maintenance
Performed after specific amount of use (e.g., after 5,000 miles, 100 operating hours)
Condition-Based Maintenance
Performed when monitoring indicates a need (e.g., when vibration exceeds normal levels)
Predictive Maintenance
Uses data analysis to predict when maintenance will be needed before failure occurs
Tools Used in Preventive Maintenance
Various specialized tools are used in preventive maintenance to inspect, measure, test, and maintain equipment in optimal condition.
Documentation in Preventive Maintenance
Maintenance Logs
Records of all maintenance activities performed, including dates, tasks completed, parts replaced, and technician information.
Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS)
Software that helps schedule, track, and manage maintenance activities and inventory.
Equipment History Files
Comprehensive records of all maintenance, repairs, and modifications made to specific equipment throughout its lifecycle.
Safety in Preventive Maintenance
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Always wear appropriate safety gear such as gloves, safety glasses, and hearing protection.
Lockout/Tagout Procedures
Ensure equipment is properly de-energized and secured before maintenance.
Follow Manufacturer Guidelines
Always refer to equipment manuals for specific maintenance procedures and safety warnings.
Proper Tool Usage
Use the right tools for the job and ensure they are in good condition.
Case Study: Manufacturing Equipment
Comparing different maintenance approaches for manufacturing equipment shows how preventive and predictive strategies significantly reduce downtime hours and overall maintenance costs.
No Maintenance
240 downtime hours per year
$25,000 annual maintenance cost
Reactive Maintenance
120 downtime hours per year
$15,000 annual maintenance cost
Preventive Maintenance
48 downtime hours per year
$8,000 annual maintenance cost
Predictive Maintenance
24 downtime hours per year
$10,000 annual maintenance cost
The visual comparison demonstrates how structured maintenance approaches lead to significant reductions in both equipment downtime and overall operational costs.
Creating a Maintenance Schedule
Follow these 5 key steps to develop an effective maintenance schedule for your equipment:
1. Identify Equipment
List all tools and equipment that require maintenance.
2. Consult Manuals
Review manufacturer recommendations for maintenance intervals.
3. Determine Tasks
Define specific maintenance tasks for each piece of equipment.
4. Set Frequencies
Establish how often each task should be performed.
5. Create Calendar
Develop a calendar or schedule for all maintenance activities.
Common Preventive Maintenance Tasks for Different Equipment
Computers
Dust removal, software updates, disk cleanup
Frequency: Monthly
Hand Tools
Cleaning, sharpening, lubrication
Frequency: After each use
Power Tools
Inspection, cleaning, lubrication, calibration
Frequency: Monthly
HVAC Systems
Filter replacement, coil cleaning, refrigerant check
Frequency: Quarterly
Vehicles
Oil changes, tire rotation, fluid checks
Frequency: Every 3-6 months
Post-Lesson Assessment
Select the best answer for each question below.
Question 1
What is the main purpose of preventive maintenance?
A) To repair equipment after it breaks down�B) To replace old equipment with new ones�C) To perform regular maintenance to avoid failures�D) To ignore minor issues until they become major problems
Question 2
Which of the following is an example of preventive maintenance?
A) Replacing a machine after it stops working�B) Cleaning and lubricating a machine regularly�C) Ignoring minor equipment issues�D) Waiting for the system to fail before fixing it
Post-Lesson Assessment (Continued)
Select the best answer for each question.
Question 3: Scheduled Maintenance
What type of preventive maintenance involves regularly scheduled check-ups, regardless of equipment condition?
A) Condition-Based Monitoring�B) Predictive Maintenance�C) Scheduled Maintenance�D) Corrective Maintenance
Question 4: Predictive Maintenance
A mechanic checks an engine and notices unusual vibrations. He decides to inspect it further before it breaks down. This is an example
A) Corrective Maintenance�B) Predictive Maintenance�C) Emergency Maintenance�D) Random Maintenance
Post-Lesson Assessment (Continued)
1
Question 5
Which maintenance technique involves checking equipment only when there are signs of possible failure?
A) Routine Inspection�B) Breakdown Maintenance�C) Condition-Based Monitoring�D) Emergency Repair
Assessment Answers
Visual explanation of the correct answers to our assessment questions
Question 1: C
To perform regular maintenance to avoid failures
Question 2: B
Cleaning and lubricating a machine regularly
Question 3: C
Scheduled Maintenance
Assessment Answers (Continued)
Visual explanation of the correct answers to our assessment questions
Question 4: B
Predictive Maintenance occurs when technicians analyze equipment performance to detect potential failures before they happen. The mechanic checking unusual vibrations is performing predictive maintenance.
Question 5: C
Condition-Based Monitoring involves checking equipment only when there are signs of possible failure. This approach uses indicators and sensors to determine when maintenance is needed.
For the synthesis activity, please write on one sheet of paper what you understand about the lesson we discussed today.