New York and New Jersey

• By 1660 - Two groups of English Colonies
• New England colonies in the north
• Virginia and Maryland in the south
• Between them was New Netherlands, controlled by the Dutch

New York and New Jersey

• New Amsterdam - Main settlement in New Netherlands
• Due to its good location, it is center for shipping from goods to and from America.
• Dutch West India Company gave land grants to anyone who could bring 50 workers
• Land owners were called patroons - They ruled like kings

New York and New Jersey

• The landowners who received these grants were called patroons. Patroons ruled like kings and had their own courts and laws.
• Settlers owed the patroons labor and a share of their crops.

New Netherlands becomes New York

• New Netherlands success was noticed by England who wanted to gain control of the Dutch colony.
• England insisted they had a right to the land based on John Cabot’s explorations in the late 1400s.
• In 1664, the English sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam

New Netherlands becomes New York

• Governor of New Netherlands, Peter Stuyvesant, surrendered the colony without a fight.
• England’s King Charles gave it to his brother, the Duke of York, who renamed it New York.

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New Netherlands becomes New York

• Why did the English want New Amsterdam?
• Why did the Dutch give it up without a fight?

New Netherlands becomes New York

• New York started out as a proprietary colony: a colony in which the owner (proprietor) owned all the land and controlled the government.
• In 1691, colonists in New York were allowed to elect their legislature.

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New Netherlands becomes New York

• New York continued to prosper with a diverse population of Dutch, German, Swedish, and Native Americans.
• In 1664, New York had about 8,000 residents including 300 enslaved Africans.
• Nearly 20 years later, the population would reach 12,000
• New York City was one of the fastest growing places in the colonies.

Founding New Jersey

• The Duke of York decided to divide his colony. He gave the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. The land was named “New Jersey” after an isle in the English Channel.
• To attract settlers, they offered land, religious freedom, trial by jury, and a representative assembly.

Founding New Jersey

• Like New York, New Jersey had a diverse population.
• New Jersey had no natural harbor so it did not develop a major port or city like New York.
• Carteret and Berkeley made few profits and sold their shares back to the colony.
• By 1702, New Jersey was a royal colony but colonists continued to make local laws.

Why did no major city develop in New Jersey?

Pennsylvania and Delaware

• The Quakers, a Protestant group that had been persecuted in England founded the colony of Pennsylvania.
• In 1680, William Penn, a wealthy English Quaker received the land in payment for a debt King Charles owed Penn’s father.

Pennsylvania and Delaware

• William Penn saw Pennsylvania as a “holy experiment”.
• The Quakers believed everyone to be equal and that people could follow their own “inner light” rather than the teaching of a religious leader.

Pennsylvania and Delaware

• Penn was an active proprietor and in 1682 he sailed to America to help design the building of the city of Philadelphia.
• Penn also wrote Pennsylvania's first constitution.
• Penn also believed the land belonged to the Native Americans and that settlers should pay for it.

Pennsylvania and Delaware

• Penn advertised his colony throughout Europe and by 1683 more than 3,000 English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch, and German settlers have arrived.
• In 1701, Penn granted colonists the right to elect representatives to the legislature.
• Philadelphia quickly became America’s most prosperous city and it’s most popular port.

How did Pennsylvania differ from other English colonies?

Pennsylvania and Delaware

• People from Sweden settled land in southern Pennsylvania before the Dutch, and then the English took over the area.
• Penn allowed southern counties to form their own legislature. The counties then functioned as a separate colony known as Delaware.