By:— Dhiraj kumar ojha
Tgt - Social Science
Jnv - Tinsukia, Assam
PERIOD— Ist (45 minutes)
LEARNING OUTCOMES
The students will be able to know the Meaning and purpose of the lesson.
They will be able to identify the following themes and incidents that took place in ancient India.
like —
● The beginning of the use of Iron tools and agriculture
�● steps taken to increase production: irrigation
�● Who lived in the south indian villages?
�
SOURCES/RESOURCES—
— NCERT text book OUR PASTS-1
— www.ncert.nic.in
— Google arts and cultural website for high resolution pictures
— YouTube channels social cciences
— www.classteacher.com
Meaning and purpose of the lesson —
— Vital means important. so vital villages means the villages that were important in ancient India.
— whether north or south India, villages were important units of administration.
— Thriving means growing, developing thus becoming rich. so thriving towns here indicates some towns that grew to fame and prosperity during ancient India.
— So this lesson is all about the villages and towns that grew over and shaped the courese of India's past.
Iron tools and agriculture�
● We often take the use of iron for granted today. Things made of iron (and steel) are a part of our daily lives.
●The use of iron began in the subcontinent around 3000 years ago.
● Around 2500 years ago, there is evidence for the growing use of iron tools.
● These included axes for clearing forests, and the iron ploughshare.
● the ploughshare was useful for increasing agricultural production.
steps to increase production: irrigation�
● The kings and kingdoms you have been reading about could not have existed without the support of flourishing villages.
● While new tools increased production, irrigation was also used.
● Irrigation works that were built during this time included canals, wells, tanks, and artificial lakes.
Who lived in the south indian villages?�
● There were at least three different kinds of people living in most villages in the southern and northern parts of the subcontinent.
● In the Tamil region,
— large landowners were known as vellalar,
—ordinary ploughmen were known as uzhavar,
—landless labourers, including slaves, were known as kadaisiyar and adimai
A typical south Indian hous
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS�( answer in 60 - 80 words)�
1Q. what iron tools were used for developing agriculture? explain.
2Q. who were the different kind of people living in south India? explain.
Multiple choice question
Q.1. The use of iron begin in the subcontinent in around -
a. 4000 years ago
b. 3000 years ago
c. 2000 years ago
d. 1000 years ago.
Q.2. Irrigation work during this time was not done by?
a. canal
b. tanks
c. wells
d. electric motor.
Short answer questions (30-40 words)
1.Q. What were the various kinds of irrigation resources of this time?
2.Q. who were vellalars in south indian villages?
3.Q. what were the earliest iron tools used for agriculture?
Very short answer questions �( 1/2 word or 1 liner)
Q. 1. Ordinary ploughman in south india were known as...?
Q. 2. Name the early iron tools used for agriculture.
INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY — Activity
Discuss and Debate
Tips for Success in Agriculture
The Biggest Differences Between Cities of Today and Cities 2000 Years Ago
FOCUS SPOT
● People in the Indian subcontinent first started using iron about 3000 years ago.
● In the Tamil-speaking regions, pople called
- vellalar (large land owners),
- uzahavar (ordinary ploughmen),
- kadaisiyar or adimai (landless labourers).
By:— Dhiraj kumar ojha
Tgt - Social Science
Jnv - Tinsukia, Assam
PERIOD— IInd (45 minutes)
LEARNING OUTCOMES
The students will be able to identify and describe the following themes and incidents that took place in ancient India.
like —
● Who were the people living in north Indian villages?
�● sangam literatures
�● coins
�
SOURCES/RESOURCES—
— NCERT text book OUR PASTS-1
— www.ncert.nic.in
— Google arts and cultural website for high resolution pictures
— YouTube channels social cciences
— www.classteacher.com
WHO LIVED IN THE NORTHERN INDIAN VILLAGES �
● In the northern part of the country, the village headman was known as the grama bhojaka.
— Usually, men from the same family held the position for generations. In other words, the post was hereditary.
—The grama bhojaka was often the largest landowner. Generally, he had slaves and hired workers to cultivate the land.
—Besides, as he was powerful, the king often used him to collect taxes from the village.
—He also functioned as a judge, and sometimes as a policeman.
A typical north Indian house
● Apart from the gramabhojaka, there were other independent farmers, known as grihapatis, most of whom were smaller landowners.
● And then there were men and women such as the dasa karmakara, who did not own land, and had to earn a living working on the fields owned by others.
● In most villages there were also some crafts persons such as the blacksmith, potter, carpenter and weaver.
The earliest Tamil compositions�
● Some of the earliest works in Tamil, known as
Sangam literature, were composed around 2300
years ago.
● These texts were called Sangam because they were supposed to have been composed and compiled in assemblies (known as sangams) of poets that were held in the city of Madurai.
● The Tamil terms mentioned above are
found in Sangam literature.
A Sangam assembly
The two Tamil Epics
Madurai
locate Madurai
Coins
● You may have noticed how wealth is measured in terms of coins.
● Archaeologists have found severalthousands of coins belonging to this period.
● The earliest coins which were in use for about 500 years were punch marked coins.
● such as the one shown in next slide.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS�( answer in 60 - 80 words)�
1Q. why do you think the post of gramabhojaka was important ? explain.
2Q. who were the different kind of people living in north India? explain.
Multiple choice question
Q.1. The sangam literatures composed around -
a. 4000 years ago
b. 3000 years ago
c. 2300 years ago
d. 1000 years ago.
Q.2. Irrigation work during this time was not done by?
a. canal
b. tanks
c. wells
d. electric motor.
Short answer questions (30-40 words)
1.Q. What are punched mark coins?
2.Q. who were the grihpatis in north indian villages?
3.Q. what are the two tamil epics?
Very short answer questions �( 1/2 word or 1 liner)
Q 1. Name the two tamil epics.
Q. 2. what were the names of the earliest coins?
Q. 3. was gramabhojaka a powerful man?
INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY — Activity
Ideas for Action
Use the internet and find some pictures of old gold and silver coins. Then find out which coin belongs to which dynasty, and make a multimedia presentation on what you learn.
FOCUS SPOT
● Archaeologists have found some of the earliest coins that were used for around 500 years.
● They were punch-marked coins made of silver or copper, and they had designs engraved in them.
By:— Dhiraj kumar ojha
Tgt - Social Science
Jnv - Tinsukia, Assam
PERIOD— IIIrd (45 minutes)
LEARNING OUTCOMES
The students will be able to identify and describe the following themes and incidents that took place in ancient India.
like —
● about cities: stories, travellers, sculpture and archaeology
�● Cities with many functions
● Crafts and crafts persons
● A closer look — Arikamedu�
SOURCES/RESOURCES—
— NCERT text book OUR PASTS-1
— www.ncert.nic.in
— Google arts and cultural website for high resolution pictures
— YouTube channels social cciences
— www.classteacher.com
Finding out about cities: stories, travellers, sculpture and archaeology�
● You may have heard of the Jatakas. These were stories that were probably composed by ordinary people, and then written down and preserved by Buddhist monks.
● Another way of finding out about early cities is from the accounts of sailors and travellers who visited them. One of the most detailed accounts that has been found was by an unknown Greek sailor. He described all the ports he visited. especially Bharuch
● find out Bharuch in map.
locate Madurai
In many cities, archaeologists have found rows of pots, or ceramic rings arranged one on top of the other. These are known as ring wells.
These seem to have been used as toilets in some cases, and as drains and garbage dumps.
These ring wells are usually found in individual houses.
sculptures were used to decorate railings, pillars and gateways of buildings that were visited by people.��
Here : A sculpture from�Sanchi.
�This is a sculpture from�Sanchi, a site with stupas,�in Madhya Pradesh,
�showing the scene in a�city.
Cities with many functions�
● Mathura has been an important settlement for
more than 2500 years.
● It was important because it was located at the cross roads of two major routes of travel and trade — from the northwest to the east and from north to south.
● There were fortifications around the city, and several shrines. Farmers and herders from adjoining areas provided food for people in the city.
● Mathura was also a centre where some extremely fine sculpture was produced.
Mathura
● Around 2000 years ago Mathura became the
second capital of the Kushanas.
● Mathura was also a religious centre
— there were Buddhist monasteries, Jaina shrines, and it was an important centre for the worship of Krishna.
● Several inscriptions on surfaces such as stone slabs and statues have been found in Mathura.
Kushsna king KANISKA
Crafts and crafts persons�
● We also have archaeological evidence for crafts.
— These include extremely fine pottery, known as the Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW).
— It getsits name from the fact that it is generally found in the northern part of the subcontinent.
— There were famous centres such as Varanasi in the north, and Madurai in the south. Both men and women worked in these centres.
NBPW
NBPW
● Many crafts persons and merchants now formed associations known as shrenis.
● These shrenis of crafts persons provided training,procured raw material, and distributed the finished product.
● Then shrenis of merchants organised the trade. Shrenis also served as banks, where rich men and women deposited money.
● This was invested, and part of the interest was returned or used to support religious institutions such as monasteries.
closer look — Arikamedu�
● Find Arikamedu (in Puducherry) on Map.
● Between 2200 and 1900 years ago, Arikamedu was a coastal settlement where ships unloaded goods from distant lands.
● A massive brick structure, which may have been a warehouse, was found at the site. Other finds include pottery.
Arikamedu ruins
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS�( answer in 60 - 80 words)�
1Q. what were the ring wells? explain.
2Q. why mathura becam a important city? explain.
Short answer questions (30-40 words)
1.Q. What are jatakas?
2.Q. what were the shrenis?
3.Q. whay was Arikamedu famous?
4.��Choose the correct answer:�
(a) Ring wells were used for:
1. bathing
2. washing clothes
3. irrigation
4. drainage
(b) Punch marked coins were made of:
1. silver
2. gold
3. tin
4. ivory
c) Mathura was an important:
1. village
2. port
3. religious centre
4. forested area
(d) Shrenis were associations of:
1. rulers
2. crafts persons
3. farmers
4. herders
Very short answer questions �( 1/2 word or 1 liner)
Q. 1. What type of a city Arikamedu was?
Q. 2. Who was the most powerful kushana king?
Q. 3. what were the uses of ring wells?
f
←←←FOCUS SPOT
INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY — Activity
Ideas for Action
★ Make a list of the work people did in Mathura 2000 years ago.
★ Spend a day with your family in a village near your city, and look at the jobs people do there. Then write a short report or essay on your experience. How are the jobs in villages different from the jobs in cities?