聖經的可靠性

《聖經》可靠嗎？

• 無神論者行動綱領�The AGENDA of the ATHEISTS
• 《聖經》作者的可靠性�The RELIABILITY of the BIBLE AUTHORS
• 《聖經》譯本的精確性
• The ACCURATE TRANSLATION of the Bible
• 《聖經》的外在證據�The EXTERNAL EVIDENCE for the Bible
• 《聖經》科學上的精確性�The SCIENTIFIC ACCURACY of the Bible
• 《聖經》的考古學證據
• The ARCHEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE for the Bible
• 《聖經》預言的精確性�The PROPHETIC ACCURACY of the Bible

Is The Bible Reliable?

“Indeed so extensive are these citations that if all other sources for our knowledge of the text of the New Testament were destroyed, they would be sufficient alone for the reconstruction of practically the entire New Testament.” - Bruce Metzger, The Text of the New Testament, p. 86

• “這些引述是如此廣泛，以至於即使我們現知的其它所有新約文本來源都毀滅了，這些引文也足夠重新還原整本新約。”
• —— 布鲁斯 ·梅斯 《新约文本》第86页

早期教父的著述中对新约的引述次数。

Taken from Josh McDowell, The New Evidence That Demands a Verdict, p. 43

36,289

《聖經》外的資料來源

SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BIBLE

• 有人說除了聖經作者外， 無人記錄有關耶穌的事情， 這就證明耶穌只是宗教狂熱分子杜撰的人物.

Some people say that no one wrote about Jesus except the Bible authors and that this proves Jesus was a myth made up by religious fanatics.

• 書信很稀罕. 那時沒有雜誌，電郵，報紙，公共圖書館等. 每本書都需要手抄， 費事費時且昂貴。 � Books and letters were rare. They did not have magazines, email, newspapers, public libraries, etc. All books were hand copied and very expensive.

​

• 這些抄本最後往往落入統治者或學者的私人圖書館. 但我們還有擁有其中一些...� Those books that were written usually ended up in the library of a ruler or scholar. But we still have some of them…

​

我看到耶稣又在安息日医治病人…

I see that Jesus is healing on

the Sabbath again…

Pharisee Press

背景： 每個人都認為當年的羅馬大火是尼祿縱的火，但他嫁禍於基督徒，塔西佗的史書告訴了真相：�

塔西佗是公認的古羅馬最偉大的歷史學家之一。 他所著的《編年史》記錄了羅馬帝國從西元14年到68年的歷史。 塔西佗記錄了西元64年在羅馬發生的一場大火，而這場大火傳聞是羅馬皇帝尼祿所為。 塔西佗說尼祿嫁禍於基督徒是“為了終止傳聞”，他補充道：“'基督徒'這個名稱源於一個叫'基利士督斯'（即基督）的人，這個人在提庇留統治期間，被本國一個地方上的官員本丟·彼拉多處死。 “（《編年史》第15卷44段）   �

塔西佗 （寫於西元112年） �羅馬史學家& 亞細亞總督�

Cornelius Tacitus (wrote in A.D. 112)

A Roman historian & Governor of Asia

• 他將基督徒們與巴勒斯坦的會堂聯繫起來。�他暗指基督被釘十字架是因為將一種新的宗教引入到世界。� “...... 因為創立異端邪教而被釘在十字架上的一個人。 ...... 尤有甚者，基督是該教的立法者。 他勸服信徒離棄希臘諸神，轉而敬拜被釘在十字架上的自己以求得神的饒恕，他也勸服信徒遵守他所制定的法律，並且宣稱所有信徒皆為兄弟。 ”� —— (The Passing Peregrinus).

盧西安 （第二世紀） �諷刺作家， 輕蔑地嘲諷基督徒…

Lucian of Samosata (2^nd Century)

Satirist who spoke scornfully against Christians…

“這時猶太地出現一位名叫耶穌的智者（如果我們能這樣稱呼他的話）。 他能行神蹟與奇事，又是許多喜歡追求智慧之人的導師。 跟隨他的人除了猶太人以外，也有不少是希臘人。 這人就是基督，但羅馬巡撫在我們民間領袖的慫恿下，判釘他十字架。 從起初就愛他的那群人一直沒有離棄他，因為他在死後第三天又復活了。 眾先知曾預言他的復活以及許許多多有關他的神蹟奇事。 基督徒就是從基督得名的，直到今天仍未完全絕跡。” 

——《犹太古史》第18卷，33

​

约瑟夫 (生于公元37年)

猶太史學家/ 十九歲成為法利賽人�（西元66年）是加利利地區猶太軍隊的指揮官�被俘並歸屬於羅馬總部�

Flavius Josephus (born A.D. 37)

Jewish historian / Pharisee at age 19 (A.D. 66)

Commander of the Jewish forces in Galilee.

Captured & attached to the Roman headquarters.

Thallus (wrote in A.D. 52 )

還有撒瑪利亞的史學家他勒（ Thallus），他的作品多在西元後 50年左右寫成。 他持有反基督教立場，卻在作品中記載了耶穌受難時，遍地都黑暗的情形。 他將原因歸為「日蝕」 他的作品目前已經失傳，但是被西元211年的另一位史學家Julius Africanus 所引用，用以駁斥前者以日蝕來解釋耶穌死時遍地黑暗的那一幕。 表示“照我看來，似乎不合理。 “很多科學家、包括為數眾多的天文學家及史學家，都支援Julius的觀點。

他勒 (寫於西元52年)

普林尼 (公元112年)

小普林尼—小亞細亞卑斯尼亞的總督

小亞細亞地區俾西尼亞（Bithynia，即今土耳其一帶）的總督，曾在西元112年時上書羅馬皇帝圖拉真（Trajan），請求指示如何處置基督徒。�. 他解釋說，他曾大肆殺滅基督徒，男女老少皆不分。 如今他不知是否應繼續屠殺任何被發現了的基督徒，抑或只殺其中的一部分。 他又說，他命令基督徒向羅馬皇帝圖拉真的塑像下拜， “又叫他們咒詛基督，這些都是真正基督徒所不肯行的。�“他們只肯承認他們唯一的罪就是他們已習慣在某一固定的日子里，天尚未亮之前聚會，大家選擇性地唱讚美詩，頌揚基督為神。 且立誓不做惡事、不欺騙、不偷劫、不行詭詐 、不作假見證，對自己答應的事絕不失信。”

(書信篇, X.96)

Plinius Secundus (A.D. 112)

Pliny the Younger - Governor of Bithynia in Asia Minor

《聖經》科學上的精確性�The SCIENTIFIC ACCURACY of the Bible

Many people were persecuted for trusting the Bible’s declaration that the world was round, water circulated back to the skies, etc.

• 《聖經》不是一本科學書，但卻是另一個可以在現代科學的原理中找到證據的神聖默示。 這些發現作為自然事實早在科學家通過科學實驗得以確認之前就記錄在聖經中了 。

The Bible is not a science book, but another evidence of divine inspiration is found in the fact that many of the principles of modern science were recorded as facts of nature in the Bible long before scientist confirmed them experimentally.

• 很多人因為相信聖經中關於地球是圓形， 水迴圈到天空等這些聲明而遭受逼迫 。

地球是圓的�赛40:22

​

Earth is Round

Is. 40:22

繁星無數�耶33:22

​

Innumerable Stars

Jer. 33:22

水能迴圈�传1:7

​

Water Cycle

Eccl. 1:7

熱力學第二定律�诗102:25-27

2^nd Law of Thermodynamics

Psalm 102:25-27

地心引力�伯26:7

​

Gravity

Job 26:7

血液的重要性�利17:11

​

Importance of Blood

Lev. 17:11

还有更多!

…and many more!

這些例子的抽樣包括：

A sampling of these would include…

《聖經》的考古學證據�The ARHEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE for the BIBLE

尚無任何考古學證據與聖經相悖 �No archeological evidence has ever refuted the Bible.

數千考古發現支持聖經�Thousands of archeological finds support the Bible

威廉·拉姆齊爵士在十九世紀動身前去考古想證明《聖經》只是一個童話.�Sir William Ramsey in the late 19^th set out to prove that the Bible was a fairy tale.

他花了三十年時間呆在小亞細亞和中東進行深入考古，然而得到的卻是相反的結論。�After 30 years of in-depth archaeology in Asia Minor and the Middle East, he came to the exact opposite conclusion.

整個學術界震驚了！ 原本期待歷史證據反對聖經，然而得到的卻是證明聖經準確的強有力證據。�The academic world was shocked! Expecting historical proof against the Bible, it was confronted with strong confirmation of the Bible’s accuracy!

威廉·拉姆齊爵士稱路加為第一流的史學家。 基於無可辯駁的發現，他自己也歸信了基督。�Sir William Ramsey called Luke a historian of the first rank and converted to Christianity based on his findings.

畢士大的水池 The Pool of Bethesda

在約翰福音5：1-15中耶穌在伯賽大的一個水池旁醫治了一個人. 五個柱廊在五十英尺的地底下發現了，考古學家發現這個水池符合《約翰福音》中的描述.

In John 5:1-15 Jesus heals a man at the Pool of Bethesda. Five porticoes were discovered Forty feet under-ground, archaeologists discovered pools matches John's description.

​

西羅亞水池 The Pool of Siloam

在9：7中，約翰提到另一個有爭議的地點—西羅亞水池。 這個水池也在1897年被發現了，再次證實約翰記載的準確。

​

In 9:7, John mentions another long disputed site, the Pool of Siloam. However, this pool was also discovered in 1897, upholding the accuracy of John.

約瑟夫·該亞法的骨甕 �Ossuary of Joseph Caiaphas

​

西元18-36年間的大祭司�（於1990年發現）�

High Priest 18-36 A.D. (Discovered 1990)

1993-埃及古物學家發現一塊獨塊巨石上的題詞，上面寫著： “大衛之家” 和 “以色列之王”.�1993 - Egyptologists found inscriptions on a monolith that had “House of David” and “King of Israel” written on it.

在1993年前， 一直未在聖經以外發現任何大衛王， 或以色列在所羅門王之前作為國家存在過的證據。�Until 1993 there was no proof of the existence of King David or even of Israel as a nation prior to Solomon outside of the Bible.

“猶大巡撫本丟·比拉多” 公元26-37年

(1961年发现)

“Pontius Pilate Prefect of Judea” 26-37 A.D. (Discovered 1961)

死海古卷 The Dead Sea Scrolls

• 《死海古卷》說明猶太人在謄抄手稿時何等小心謹慎， 一絲不苟，證實了原稿的精確性。
• The Dead Sea Scrolls demonstrated the meticulous care in recording the manuscripts for Jews and attest to textual accuracy.

為什麼《死海古卷》很重要？

Why are the Dead Sea Scrolls Important?

• 在1947年，一個貝都因牧童在耶利哥南八英里庫姆蘭的一個洞穴里發現了這些卷軸.

In 1947 – A Bedouin shepherd boy discovered scrolls in cave at Qumran (about eight miles south of Jericho)

​

• 《死海古卷》的發現肯定了舊約歷史上的可靠性. 最古老， 最完整的以賽亞等其它書卷由此被發現。

The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls affirms the historical reliability of the Old Testament. The oldest and most complete copies of Isaiah and other books were found.

​

• “古卷“代表了1100份古手稿和上十萬個片斷.

They represent 1100 ancient manuscripts and 100,000+ fragments

為什麼《死海古卷》很重要？

Why are the Dead Sea Scrolls Important?

在發現死海古卷前，猶太人手中擁有的最古老的抄本是馬所禮抄本。 死海古卷的發現，最大的意義，乃是印證了於主前 125 年以前所抄寫成的以賽亞先知書（即死海古卷中的抄本），和一千多年以後馬所禮人所抄寫的以賽亞先知書（主后500-900）的內容，兩者完全沒有差別與誤差。 這證明古代抄寫聖經的文士們的何等精確無誤，歷經千年也毫無差別。�

雅各家來到埃及的人數:�創46:27 還有約瑟在埃及所生的兩個兒子．雅各家來到埃及的共有七十人。�徒7:14 約瑟就打發弟兄請父親雅各、和全家七十五個人都來。���在死海古卷中記錄了雅各家來到埃及的人數是七十五人，而不是創世記四十六章第27節中的七十人，因此糾正了文士抄寫的錯誤，顯示司提反的數字是正確的.

“《聖經》地理上的地域和可見的古跡遺存逐步被記錄下來. 直到今天25000個考古遺址，從廣泛意義上來說，已經確定了位置，其年代可以追溯到舊約時期的…”

懷斯曼《舊約的考古證據》

The geography of Bible lands and visible remains of antiquity were gradually recorded until today more than 25,000 sites within this region and dating to Old Testament times, in their broadest sense, have been located…”

Wiseman, “Archaeological Confirmation of the Old Testament”

如同著名的考古學家尼爾森·格魯克說的那樣：“我可以直截了當地說，到目前為止，尚未有任何考古發現與聖經內容相悖. 大量考古發現反而證實了聖經中的歷史聲明輪廓清晰，細節準確。”

（1959年《荒漠甘泉》 第31页）

​

As the famous archaeologist, Nelson Glueck said,

“it may be stated categorically that no archaeological discovery has ever controverted a biblical reference. Scores of archaeological findings have been made which confirm in clear outline or exact detail historical statements in the Bible.”

(Rivers in the Desert, pg. 31, 1959)

《聖經》預言的準確性�The PROPHETICAL ACCURACY of the BIBLE

• 《聖經》中有數百個具體的預言真實地應驗了，很多是在聖經完成幾個世紀后應驗的。
• There are hundreds of specific prophecies in the Bible which have been literally fulfilled, in many cases centuries after the completion of the Bible.
• 任何推遲這些預言日期的企圖都是不可能的。 舊約中每卷書 都有一本抄本，其中一本是西元前150年的抄本，幾百個這類預言直到好幾個世紀後才應驗.
• Any attempt to late-date these prophecies is impossible -- there is a copy of every Old Testament book but one from before 150 BC, and hundreds of these prophecies were not fulfilled until centuries later.
• 拿撒勒的耶穌是彌賽亞. 他很早 就有456個可識別特性，他應驗了所有！ 這在數學上的概率是 多少?
• Jesus of Nazareth is the Messiah. He had 456 identifying characteristics far in advance, and fulfilled them all! What is the mathematic probability of this?

​

• 细节讨论，参阅 麦道卫《铁证待判》For details see Evidence that Demands a Verdict: Josh McDowell.

John Ankerberg relates the true story of how governments use prearranged identification signs to identify correct agents:

• David Greenglass was a World War II traitor.
• He gave U.S. atomic secrets to the Russians
• His conspirators arranged to help him by planning a meeting with the secretary of the Russian ambassador in Mexico City.
• Proper ID for both parties became vital.
• Greenglass was to identify himself with six prearranged signs.
• (1) Greenglass was to write a note to the secretary, signing his name as "I. JACKSON“
• (2) after three days he was to go to the Plaza de Colon in Mexico City and
• (3) stand before the statue of Columbus,
• (4) with his middle finger placed in a guide book.
• (5) when approached, he was to say it was a magnificent statue & that he was from Oklahoma.
• (6) The secretary was to then give him a passport.
• These six prearranged signs worked. Why?
• With six identifying characteristics it was mathematically impossible for the secretary not to identify Greenglass as the proper contact

Math behind Jesus’ prophecies

• Professor Emeritus of Science at Westmont College, Peter Stoner, has calculated the probability of one man fulfilling the major prophecies made concerning the Messiah.
• The estimates were worked out by 12 different classes representing 600+ university students.
• The students carefully weighed all the factors, discussed each prophecy at length, and examined the various circumstances which might indicate that men had conspired together to fulfill a particular prophecy. They made their estimates conservative enough so that there was finally unanimous agreement even among the most skeptical students.
• However Professor Stoner made them more conservative.
• He also encouraged other skeptics or scientists to make their own estimates to see if his conclusions were fair.
• Finally, he submitted his figures for review to a committee of the American Scientific Affiliation.
• Upon examination, they verified that his calculations were dependable and accurate in regard to the scientific material presented
• (Peter Stoner, Science Speaks, Chicago: Moody Press, 1969, 4).

八個預言應驗的可能性

耶穌將出生在伯利恆�Jesus would be born in Bethlehem

耶穌將會釘十字架�Jesus would be crucified

為他的衣服抓鬮�Cast lots for His clothes

身側被戳�Side would be pierced

骨頭沒有斷�No bones broken

被朋友出賣�Betrayed by a friend

從死裡復活�Rise from the dead

住在拿撒勒�Live in Nazareth

Probability of 8 Prophecies Fulfilled

• 他們得出結論：一個男人要出生在伯利恆的機會是300，000， （or one in 2.8 x 10^5）�They concluded that the chance of one man being born in Bethlehem was one in 300,000, (or one in 2.8 x 10^5 - rounded),

​

• 在審核了八個不同的預言后，他們保守地估計一個人要應驗所有八個預言的機會是10^17之一.

After examining only eight different prophecies, they conservatively estimated that the chance of one man fulfilling all eight prophecies was one in 10^17.

1 in 100,000,000,

000,000,000

耶穌基督徒應驗了465個有關彌賽亞的預言!!!�這樣的概率是多少?

• JESUS FULFILLED 465 PROPHECIES REGARDING THE MESSIAH!
• What are the odds of THAT?

《聖經》可靠嗎？ 完全可靠!

• 《聖經》作者的可靠！

The BIBLE AUTHORS are CREDIBLE!

• 《聖經》譯本精準！

The TRANSLATION is ACCURATE!

• 外在證據支援《聖經》!

The EXTERNAL EVIDENCE Supports the Bible!

• 《聖經》在科學上準確 !

The Bible is SCIENTIFICALLY ACCURATE!

• 考古學支持《聖經》！

The Bible is Supported by ARCHEOLOGY!

• 預言的準確性讓《聖經》毫無疑問！

The PROPHETIC ACCURACY of the Bible leaves NO DOUBTS!

Is The Bible Reliable? YES!

《聖經》百分百可靠!!!

THE BIBLE IS 100% RELIABLE !