Doctoral Preparation Track: Overview and Frequently Asked Questions
**updated 4/19/25
Greetings,
We want to make available an opportunity to participate in the Doctoral Preparation Track for the CACREP master’s programs. The following document gives some details of the program, and we also have a youtube channel with some additional information.
What is the purpose of the program?
This program seeks to provide clear and structured opportunities for all students to engage in a process that will help them prepare for the process of applying to a doctoral program. Our department is an excellent place to train, but it helps if you can secure formal mentoring structures to support your goals.
What experiences do I need in order to be competitive for a doctoral program? �
The fact that you are enrolled in one of CPS’s graduate programs means that you already have many of the academic credentials to be considered for a doctoral program. To realize that potential will require wise investment of your time and energy. Doctoral program admissions committees are looking to see evidence that you are developing your own line of research, including:
Signs that you have gotten involved in writing papers and presenting at conferences Evidence that you have already invested time and energy developing expertise A cover letter that shows a mature set of professional interests that align with the faculty member’s (whom you are applying to work with) areas of expertise Corroboration from mentoring that you are a hard-worker and a good team player.
Three Research Goals
In addition to joining a team and securing mentoring, the program includes three goals that ought to put you in good position to be ready for in-person interviews for a doctoral program. We developed three goals designed to provide you with a flexible structure for seeking mentoring within the department. The three goals are as follows:
Learn to conduct a literature search (around 15 empirical articles) and create a summary table of findings (due with application). Design a study and collect data (Spring 2026) Submit one paper as a co-author to a journal (and professional conference; due by December 2026).
These goals are designed to promote a flexible and collaborative relationship with your mentor. You agree to join a team and contribute to the work of your mentors, and they agree to support you in developing a new project, as well as ensuring that you get to contribute to one or more publications.
Furthermore, the work you do to develop your own project ought to give you a major head start if you decide to complete your doctorate degree. As an example, the three doctoral programs in CPS require three projects to graduate, including a literature review and two empirical papers (your predissertation and Chapter 2 of the dissertation). So, you would have a head start on two of the three projects you would eventually need to graduate. So, by the end of this program, you should have a very good sense of what it would take to complete your doctorate. This experience will help you make a good decision about next steps in your career, and you will be surrounded by other people who can help navigate that process. In summary, students entering the doctoral preparation track will work on these three goals between January of 2026 and December of 2026.
How will I achieve these three goals?
The main strategy to help you achieve these three goals is to set in place relationships that have the purpose of providing you with support, accountability, and encouragement. Just like it is harder to work out alone, it is also very hard (if not impossible) to do strong research alone: Research happens in teams (and is much more fun that way!). So, your involvement will involve three weekly meetings that will help you make incremental steps towards developing your own research program:
Weekly one-hour seminar meeting The purpose of this meeting is to provide accountability and encouragement through a team environment. Students email a weekly update on their progress the prior week, goals and next steps, and any agenda items. The first half of the meeting will focus on agenda items sent in by the group. These items may include professional development issues (e.g., talking about different types of programs, discussing the application process, or getting feedback on ideas for next steps on one’s project). The second half of the meeting will involve semi-formal presentations by seminar participants or invited speakers from the department or community. Students will present their project, at whatever stage it is at, and get feedback from the instructor and peers. Weekly one-hour meeting with a doctoral student mentor The purpose of this meeting is to get step-by-step support in how to complete your three goals (i.e., a literature search, designing a study, and analyzing data). This is a collaborative relationship. You will support the doctoral students' existing projects. The doctoral student has agreed to help get you at least one publication and professional presentation within your time in the program. You will work with him or her on their project in exchange for co-authorship. The plan for this project will be proposed in your application materials to the program. In addition, the doctoral student will help provide step-by-step support in how to complete your three goals (i.e., a literature search, designing a study, and analyzing data). Weekly meeting with the doctoral student’s research mentor. The purpose of this meeting is to integrate you into a research team. Most faculty meet with their doctoral students on a weekly basis. You will sit in on at least part of the faculty member’s individual meeting with your mentor or the lab’s team meeting. The purpose of this meeting is to help you become integrated into the team, which will give you a better sense of what it might be like to join a doctoral program.
Application
If you would like to apply to the program, please submit an application by November25, 2026
The application consists of the following parts:
Cover letter Letter of support from the faculty member who has agreed to mentor you towards achieving your three goals (and any other goals you decide to set for yourself). Completing the first goal (summary table and method section of a systematic literature review). CV (please do not worry about this for evaluative reasons. We will use this to get a sense of your general experience. If you have not done anything since you applied to MHC, you may simply submit the CV you submitted in your GSU application).
FAQ for Applicants to the Program
Does the program work?
We have conducted pilot versions of the seminar for several years. We have decided to offer the opportunity more formally to a group of around 10 students per year. Here are examples of students who have successfully completed the program and what they are doing now:
Elise Choe (faculty member in the department) Vanessa Placeres (faculty member at San Diego State) Sarah Gazaway (intern at Clemson University) Wendy Hsu (intern at Vanderbilt University) Sebastian Love(doctoral student at UC Berkeley)
What are the selection criteria?
The purpose of the Doctoral Preparation Track Seminar is to provide mentorship to students who have a strong commitment to preparing for a doctoral program and are potentially interested in pursuing an academic career. Therefore, being able to articulate a vision and goal of applying to doctoral programs, as well as your research interests, is desired. Although not a requirement, having previous research experience and a demonstrated ability to manage multiple roles (i.e. student, research assistant) is also desired.
What is a systematic literature review?
We have some training resources that describe how to do the initial steps of a literature review posted here. We only want you to do the first few steps, including picking a potential topic, conducting a search on PsycInfo, narrowing your search to around 15 empirical articles, and creating a table that summarizes the sample, measures, procedure, and key findings of these articles. You may seek support from doctoral students or faculty on how to take these initial steps. We also have some training videos that illustrate how to conduct searches in psych info or google scholar (with a program called Publish or Perish). We also have a guide below with some additional notes on what we are looking for on this part of the application.
What is the most difficult step in the process?
The literature might sound a little daunting, but frankly, this is a bit of a commitment test. We are less worried about quality and more interested in effort. This will require an initial investment of time, not to mention the emotional energy to try to narrow on an area of interest. However, we have setup structures that work. The most challenging part is going to be securing mentoring. Once you join a group and have a mentor who commits to investing in your success, you will have the balance of challenge and support that will help you make steady progress. But this part could be tricky, especially within the context of COVID, where you may not have had as many chances to get to know professors and doctoral students outside of zoom calls. During the Q&A session, we will offer some suggestions on how to navigate this part of the process.
Is it possible to prepare for a doctoral program without joining this structure?
Of course! There are two main advantages to this program. One advantage has already happened. Everyone has easier access to information about the actions that will put people in a better position to apply to a doctoral program. The second is additional support. Sometimes joining a team of primarily doctoral students can feel a little intimidating. Some teams include members that are at various levels, including undergraduates. Often these teams have some projects that require everyone on the team. The DPT group provides a group of other masters students with similar long-term goals. Often strong friendships form, which provides greater motivation. Because parts of the process are uncertain, which can be scary, it often helps to go through the journey with others.
Why do I seek a faculty mentor and a doctoral mentor?
Great question! We’ve found that most people need different things. Faculty mentors have years of experience mentoring students in developing research programs. Experts help multiply your efforts so that you aren’t just spinning your wheels. Also, your faculty mentor likely has professional connections, so they can begin to involve you in that network. Your faculty mentor is also probably in the best position to help you get on at least one publication.
Have a doctoral mentor can help with navigating the practical aspects of the process and give you a different perspective. You will have lots of questions, and your doctoral mentor can help. Sometimes they will know the answer. Often, they can help you figure out next steps. When this works well, a nice partnership forms. You can help them with one of their projects. They can help you develop one of your projects. Research is a team sport, and it’s certainly more fun to do this kind of work when you also enjoy your relationships with others who share similar values and areas of curiosity.
FAQ for Faculty Mentor
What am I committing to?
Good question. We tried to keep the goals of the course to something that would naturally occur if someone volunteered for your research team. Thus, students do not have any required “master’s thesis.” There are three main requests:
We ask you to include the student in your team’s meeting structure, including a group meeting (if applicable) and at least part (e.g., 15-30 minutes) of your meeting with a doctoral student (ideal-but we have had some students just meet with the faculty member without a doctoral mentor). We ask you to help the student take steps towards designing a study and collecting data. We ask that you attempt to include the student on one publication or presentation as a minimal goal for enhancing their CV over the course of the next year.
What do I need to do in order to help the student apply?
The student will bring you a form that can be used for a letter of support . The form documents initial ideas on the three baseline goals for the program, as well as expectations regarding involvement with your team (e.g., meeting structure, anything else).
What should I do if I get a lot of emails asking me to be a faculty advisor?
If you are willing, we suggest offering office hours for anyone interested. In the future, we are planning a more formal meet-and-greet that might streamline the process, but for now, we are left to old fashioned methods. We apologize in advance for any increase in email traffic.
FAQ for Doctoral Level Mentors
What is required of the doctoral mentors?
The main requirement is a one-year commitment to provide weekly structure and support to your mentee—particularly in the fall and spring semesters, although it is optional to meet in the summer in order to maintain progress. You will need to get permission from your research mentor to engage in this commitment, because it involves a commitment of your time, as well as part of your meeting with your research mentor.
There are two primary advantages of engaging in this role. First, if you are planning on becoming a faculty member, mentoring research is a unique skill. This commitment will allow you to begin to develop your style while you are in graduate school, as opposed to trying to learn while you are making the transition into a tenure track position. Second, the program provides a way of locating partners for your research that are committed to preparing for a doctoral program. Indeed, oftentimes, students want research experience, but it is difficult to evaluate their level of commitment. They may be curious about what it’s like to do research, but have much less interest in working hard. Therefore, we have designed this program to require some upfront costs that ought to provide a steadier signal of commitment to a training process. Also, we have a formal course structure, which although pass/fail, provides additional structure to support commitments made for that semester.
What structures are available to support doctoral mentors?
We tend to have one or two meetings with doctoral mentors per semester to check-in on how things are going and to share ideas. We will be judicious with your time, but also want to provide a few avenues for you to connect with other doctoral students serving in a similar role.
What do I do if I am looking for a potential doctoral student to serve as my mentor?
Email our team: Giscard Petion, Sarah Gazaway, Iman Said, Regina Finan, Don Davis
How should I decide whether this is a good fit?
We do have a few pointers from prior experience. When you meet with potential mentees, evaluate fit, both in terms of interest and personality and working style. Here are some good questions to consider:
Is the student sufficiently interested in something that can be linked with your work? Is there room to look at something at the intersection of your interests and theirs? Does the student appear to have qualities that align with your working style? Do you think you will communicate well with the student? Does the student have a strong work ethic? Is the student responsible and accountable for commitments?
In addition, before you get too far into the relationship, seek mentoring from your research advisor on their mentoring style and how to structure the relationship. For example, you may learn some helpful pointers on how to navigate conversations about designing projects that have sufficient overlap with one’s own interests.
What is our long-term vision?
We hope to eventually explore creative ways to provide funding to support master’s students’ work within the program. Currently, it would cost 5k to provide students a half-time GRA, but this would have additional value, because the university would offer tuition remission. Currently, departmental resources are scarce for funding master’s students, so it will take creativity and hard work to achieve this goal over the next few years.
Note: We included some notes below on this guide. You are just seeing how far you can get on the first four steps. This is literally what you will do one day for Chapter 1, if you decide to enter a doctoral program.
Dr. Hook’s Guide to Completing a Literature Review
The goal of a literature review is to organize all the literature on a specific topic. Often this can be a really nice publication. Writing a literature review is also a good way to introduce yourself to a new area that you would like to begin doing some research. Also, writing a literature review is the first step to your thesis or dissertation project.
Step 1: Pick a topic
This first step can take some time. There are a few things that you need to think about.
Make sure no one has published a recent literature review on your topic. If someone has published a recent literature review on the same topic, it is a waste of time to redo his or her work. You need to brainstorm a different angle or somewhat different topic. I can help you with this. Make sure your literature review is at the correct level of specificity. Too broad, and there will be too many articles to review. Too specific, and there won’t be enough. The desired level of specificity also depends on how much time/energy you have to put into this project. I recently did a literature review with about 50 studies. It was a good paper, but I had the time to do that. If this literature review is part of your thesis or dissertation project, you will probably want to have a more narrow level of specificity so that your project is more manageable. A good rule of thumb is somewhere between 20-30 studies. There are exceptions to this rule. If your topic is interesting and you think a review is necessary, you can get away with fewer studies. You can definitely do a review with more studies; it just will take a lot of time and effort. Getting to the correct level of specificity is a process. It involves doing a series of preliminary searches. First, you set a wide search parameter, and see how many studies meet those criteria. Then, you think about different ways to narrow, so that the number of studies is manageable. The important thing is that you want to set criteria in a way that makes theoretical sense. You want to do a comprehensive literature review, which means getting all the articles on a specific topic. (You will never find all the articles, but you will carefully record the steps of your search so that someone could replicate your search.) I will help you with this process of getting to the correct level of specificity.
Note: This is the most important process we want to initiate in the application. Sometimes it takes a little time to start to narrow on an area in which your interests overlap with a body of literature that is a manageable start. For example, a search on cultural humility might yield hundreds of studies.
Step 2: Decide what type of literature review to conduct
There are two main types of literature reviews—narrative reviews and meta-analyses. In a narrative review, the author reviews the findings from the included studies, and makes conclusions based on those findings. A meta-analysis is similar, except that in a meta-analysis, the author does some analyses that statistically combine the results of the included studies. Studies with larger sample sizes get more weight, and you can come up with an overall effect size. Meta-analyses are better, but also take more work. Also, sometimes meta-analyses are difficult to do if the included studies are not comparable. If you are doing a literature review as part of your thesis or dissertation, you will probably do a narrative review to start (and use that in the thesis or dissertation proposal). Later, if you decide that a meta-analysis will be helpful for publication, you can make that change.
Note: For now, you can assume you are doing a narrative review.
Step 3: Conduct the literature search
Now that you have determined our topic and inclusion criteria in Step 1, you are ready to do the literature search. There are several steps.
Search multiple databases for articles using specified key words. Generally (this may change somewhat depending on your topic), I like to use psychinfo, proquest (for theses and dissertations) and pubmed. Review the reference sections from the identified articles to get other articles you may have missed. Get file-drawer studies. It is good to do some work to identify articles that we may have missed, as well as studies that may not have been published. This involves sending an email to all the first authors of the identified articles. I usually send the list of articles I do have, and ask if there are any others that I have missed (or for studies that author has conducted which have not been published). Another way to seek filedrawer studies is to send an announcement on relevant listservs. Keep track of how you do the search. Keep track of the date you do the search, what databases you use, and what key words you use. This information will go in the method section of your review.
Note: For our purposes, it is okay to just use PsycInfo. Keep track of the exact terms that you ender and your process of narrowing the studies to around 10-25 articles. If you end up sticking with this topic for your dissertation, you may end up reviewing 30+ articles, but for this exercise, we strongly encourage you to find a way to limit the scope.
Step 4: Make a chart
As I read the articles I have found, I usually summarize the articles in a chart. I include a bunch of information (some of this will vary based on your topic):
Authors, Year, Journal Published (yes/no) Research design (e.g., experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, etc.), Randomized to condition (yes/no) Participant information (sample size, gender, age, sexual orientation, type of sample—college students, community, inpatient, etc.) Measures used Effect size Summary of main findings
Note: Steps 3 and 4 are the main evidence that you’ve done some preliminary work. You will write up your search method from Step 3. In addition, use an excel sheet with at least four columns:
Article (list first author’s last name and year of publication). Sample information (e.g., 899 undergraduates). Measure used to assess the primary construct you are interested in. Other outcome measures. Primary findings (for now, it’s okay to just try to put the main findings from the abstract into your own words).
A final word of encouragement—just give this your best shot, but we aren’t looking for perfection. We just want to see how you can manage to do with a task like this, which includes some ambiguity and may require asking for help and support and dealing with some perfectionistic strivings.
Step 5: Start writing
You will organize your literature review as you would an empirical article, with sections for the introduction, method, results, and discussion. I usually start with the method and results sections, then write the introduction, and finally write the discussion.
Introduction: Your introduction will look somewhat different from an introduction to an empirical article. For an empirical article, a big part of the introduction is the literature review. But for a literature review, the whole paper is focused on the literature review. So the introduction is a bit different (and usually is shorter). The introduction is organized like funnel. The story begins with broader themes and then logically narrows in on the purpose of the review. Start by introducing the topic of interest and defining the main variables that you will study. Explain and discuss why this topic is important. Why is this question timely? Why is a review of the literature necessary at this time? Discuss theory that supports your hypotheses. For example, if your meta-analysis is focused on the relationship between sex addiction and depression, discuss theories that might explain this link. You aren’t reviewing the studies here (e.g., the average correlation across studies was .30, 15 of 20 studies found a positive correlation between sex addiction and depression, etc.). Reviewing the empirical literature happens in the results section. Here you are discussing theory (e.g., describe theoretical model that links depression to acting-out behavior in order to improve one’s mood). Also here is the place to discuss theory that supports your moderator hypotheses. Again, you aren’t reviewing the actual studies here, but rather discussing the theory for why this hypothesis might be true. If there have been previous reviews of the literature on your topic, it is a good idea to discuss these reviews, and also discuss how your paper will be new, different, and add something unique to the literature. End the introduction with a paragraph describing your present review, including your main hypotheses. Method Inclusion Criteria: Write a paragraph describing the decision rules you used for including or excluding studies. What had to be true about an article for you to include it in the review? This should have been decided before you conducted your literature search in Step 3, so this should be easy to write. Literature Search: Write a paragraph or two describing your literature search. Again, this is just basically describing what you did in Step 3 (e.g., what date did you conduct your search, which databases, what keywords, did you review the reference sections, did you inquire about file-drawer studies, etc.). Effect Size: This is relevant for meta-analyses. What was the effect size that you used in your study? Cohen’s d? The correlation r? Those are the two main ones. Missing Data: Again, this is mostly relevant for meta-analyses. What did you do if not all the studies had sufficient information to calculate the effect size? Outcome of Search: There is some flexibility in organization here, and some people put this in the beginning of the results section. Sometimes I include a paragraph here stating how many articles were found in the search. Coding: Again, this is mostly relevant for meta-analyses. What information did you write down from each study? This is basically what the important columns were from your chart. Data Analysis: Again, this is mostly relevant for meta-analyses. You need to write a paragraph describing how the meta-analysis was conducted (I can help you with this). If you are conducting a narrative review of the literature, sometimes it is helpful to include a paragraph here describing why you chose not to conduct a meta-analysis). Results Description of studies: I start the results section with a paragraph (or two or three) describing the studies as a whole. Participants: How many total participants across all studies? Gender? Race/Ethnicity? Sexual orientation (if applicable)? Religion (if applicable)? Type of setting (e.g., college student, adult, community, inpatient)? Research Design: What types of research designs were used (e.g., correlational, experimental, quasi-experimental)? If experimental designs were used, what kinds of control or comparison conditions were used? Measures: What types of measures were used to assess the constructs of interest? Treatments: If this is a review of treatment studies, what types of treatments were used? Overall effect size: Overall, what is the conclusion on the primary question of interest? If you are conducting a meta-analysis, here is where you would put the overall statistics. Publication bias: This is mostly relevant for meta-analyses. You can run analyses to measure the extent of publication bias (i.e., do published studies have higher effect sizes than unpublished studies, is it likely that there are other unpublished studies ‘out there’ that you didn’t find). Moderators: Are there variables that might influence the primary question of interest? For example, is the relationship between sex addiction and depression greater for men than women? Do drug treatments have higher effect sizes than talk therapies for treating depression? Etc. Discussion First have a paragraph or two summarizing the main findings of your review. Discuss what the findings mean. Why are the findings important? Discuss limitations to the present review (e.g., types of participants, small sample sizes, poor research designs, poor measures, etc.). Discuss areas for future research. If applicable, discuss implications for counseling. Conclusion paragraph