ANIMATED PPTS .��ON��ENGINEERING DRAWING�� PART--2
Orthographic Projection�
PROJECTION SYSTEMS
1. First angle system
2. Third angle system
First Quadrant
Third
Quadrant
- European country�- ISO standard
- Canada, USA,� Japan, Thailand
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1st angle system
3rd angle system
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system
3rd angle system
Folding
line
Folding
line
Folding
line
Folding
line
✁
✁
ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS
1st angle system
3rd angle system
Front View
Front View
Right Side View
Right Side View
Top View
Top View
First angle system
Third angle system
PROJECTION SYMBOLS
PROJECTION SYMBOLS
d
1.7d
2.2d
Suggested proportion
Prepared by S.P.PATEL
Cutting
plane
CUTTING PLANE
Cutting plane line
Cutting plane is a plane that imaginarily cuts
the object to reveal the internal features.
Section lines
Cutting plane line is an edge view of the cutting plane.
CUTTING PLANE LINE
Indicate the path
of cutting plane.
Cutting plane line is an edge view of the cutting plane.
CUTTING PLANE LINE
Indicate the path
of cutting plane.
FULL SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the straight cutting plane completely through the part.
OFFSET SECTION VIEW
The view is made by passing the bended cutting plane completely through the part.
Do not show the edge views
of the cutting plane.
The view is made by passing the cutting plane normal to the viewing direction and removing the portion of an object in front of it.
BROKEN-OUT SECTION VIEW
A break line is used to separate the sectioned portion from the unsectioned portion of the view.
BROKEN-OUT SECTION VIEW
There is no cutting plane line.
Break line is a thin continuous line (4H) and is drawn freehand.
EXAMPLE : Comparison among several section techniques
Pictorial Sketching
PREPARED BY
Mr . S.P.PATEL
Isometric Drawing
Isometric drawing is a drawing drawn on an isometric�axes using full scale.
Isometric projection
(True projection)
Isometric drawing
(Full scale)
Forshorten
Full scale
Positions of Isometric Axes
Isometric axes can be arbitrarily positioned to create different views of a single object.
Regular
isometric
Reverse axis
isometric
Long axis
isometric
View point is looking
down on the top of
the object.
View point is looking
up on the bottom of
the object.
View point is looking
from the right (or left)
of the object.
Distance in Isometric Drawing
Isometric line is the line that run parallel to any of the isometric axes.
Isometric axes
True-length distances are shown along�isometric lines.
Nonisometric lines
1. Positioning object.
2. Select isometric axis.
3. Sketch enclosing� box.
4. Add details.
Note
In isometric sketch/drawing), hidden lines are omitted�unless they are absolutely necessary to completely�describe the object.
Sketch from an actual object
STEPS
5. Darken visible lines.
A
A
B
B
C
D
E
D
E
F
F
x
y
Front View
Regular
C
Example
Reverse
Circle & Arc in Isometric
3. Construct a perpendicular� bisector from each tangent point.
4. Locate the four centers.
5. Draw the arcs with these centers� and tangent to isometric square.
Sketching Steps
Four-center method is usually used when drawn an isometric ellipse with drawing instrument.
2. Construct an isometric square.
1. Locate the center of an ellipse.
Example
Orthographic Reading
Top view
A
B
C
EXAMPLE
All surfaces A, B and�C are not in the same
plane.
Some of possible objects’ shape.
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
C
B
GUIDANCE 2
Areas that show a similar shape in more than one
view is the same surface.
Similar shape
GUIDANCE 2
Areas that show a similar shape in more than one
view is the same surface.
Threaded Fasteners
FASTENING TYPE
1. Permanent
Welding
Gluing
Riveting
FASTENING TYPE
2.1 Threaded fastener
- bolts
- studs
- screws
2. Temporary
2.2 Non-threaded fastener
- keys
- pin
key
COMPARISON OF THREAD CUTTING
External Thread
Internal Thread
Major Dia.
Minor Dia.
External thread
Internal thread
DETAILED REPRESENTATION
60o
Pitch
Use slanting lines to represent crest and root.
Roots and crest are drawn in sharp Vs.
Thread runout
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION
External thread
Pitch
Crest (thin line)
Root (thick line)
Use alternate long and short lines for representing
crests and roots of the thread, respectively.
Internal thread
ANIMATION OF CAM & FOLLOWER
PART-3
ANIMATION
ANIMATION OF FOUR SROKE CYCLE
4-STROKE ENGINE
PUMP ANIMATION