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Standard and Objectives

6.0

TSW analyze the existing and potential hazards to clients, co-workers, and self and will prevent injury or illness through safe work and infect control practices

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6.5

Identify the factors that affect microbial growth and methods for destroying them

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Understanding the Principles of Infection Control

Chapter 17

Page 488

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Understanding the Principles of Infection Control

What is a Mircroorganism?

It is a small living plant or animal not seen with the naked eye.

-They live everywhere

Examples are:

Nonpathogens and Pathogens

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Pathogens

  • Bacteria are simple one celled plants that multiply rapidly.

-they are classified as shapes like cocci are round.

-Cocci in pairs are called Diplococci bacteria Example: Meningitis and pneumonia.

-If Cocci are in chains streptococcus

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Pathogens

-In clusters, staphylococci

Can cause boils and wound infections.

Rod-Shaped bacteria are called bacilli

-Many Bacilli have flagella and can form spores and can cause tuberculosis, tetanus, botulism.

Bacteria that is spirilla shaped can cause syphillis.

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Protazoa

  • One-celled animal organisms often found in decaying materials and contaminated water.

Diseases: Malaria, trichomonas,ect

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Fungi

  • Simple plantlike organisms that live on dead organic matter.

Examples: yeast and mold

Diseases: Ringworm, athlete’s foot, thrush

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Thrush commonly seen from breast feeding.

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Rickettsiae

  • Parasitic microorganisms that cannot live outside of a host.
  • Commonly found on fleas, lice, ticks and mites
  • Diseases: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

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Viruses

  • Can only reproduce in living cells
  • Spread from blood or body secretions
  • Not affected by antibiotics

Diseases: Common Cold, Flu, Chicken Pox, HepB, AIDS

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Infection and Diseases

  • Endogenous, means the infection or dz started in the body.
  • Exogenous, means it was started outside the body
  • Nosocomial is carried by healthcare workers.

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The Chain of Infection

Infectious Agent

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The Chain of Infection

Reservoir Host

Infectious Agent

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The Chain of Infection

Reservoir Host

Portal of Exit

Infectious Agent

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The Chain of Infection

Reservoir Host

Portal of Exit

Mode of Transmission

Infectious Agent

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The Chain of Infection

Reservoir Host

Portal of Exit

Mode of Transmission

Portal of Entry

Infectious Agent

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The Chain of Infection

Reservoir Host

Portal of Exit

Mode of Transmission

Portal of Entry

Susceptible Host

Infectious Agent

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Aseptic Control

  • Antisepsis-inhibit growth of pathogens other than spores and viruses.

Examples: Alcohol and betadine

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Disinfection-same as above. This can damage skin

Examples: boiling water, bleach

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Aseptic Control

  • Sterilization-This kills all good and bad microorganism.

Example: steam, gas, radiation, chemicals

This technique is used to sterilize equipment.

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The End

Reflection Questions

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Reflection Questions�Write the Questions

1. Define the terms pathogenic and nonpathogenic.

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2. A microorganism that doesn’t need oxygen is called what?

3. List five disease-causing pathogens.

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4. What are five ways by which microorganisms and viruses spread?

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