NEW DESIGNS OF VAWT AND COMPARING IT TO ITS TRADITIONAL TYPES
Wind turbines
PRESENTED BY
Philobater saad
Mohamed nader
Adham afifi
Mohaned Rostom
Karim medhat
- Dr el araby el morsy
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Supervised BY
- DR. Rola Afifi
CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES:
THEORY OF OPERATION
DESIGN& COMPONENTS
PERFORMANCE
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ADVANTAGES& DISADVANTAGES
WORKING PRINCIPLE
Wind turbines work on a simple principle: instead of using electricity to make wind like a fan wind turbines use wind to make electricity converting wind power into mechanical energy).
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CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES:
WIND TURBINES CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO DIFFERENT GROUPS ACCORDING TO:
AXIS OF ORIENTATION :
HORIZONTAL AXIS AND VERTICAL AXIS.
NUMBER OF BLADES:
SINGLE BLADED, TWO BLADED, THREE BLADED AND MULTIBLADED.
POSITION OF ROTOR:
UPWIND TYPE ROTOR AND DOWNWIND TYPE ROTOR.
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INTRODUCTION
Definition Of Wind Harvesting:
Wind harvesting is the process in which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power.
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HOW WIND TURBINE WORK
A wind turbine turns wind energy into electricity using the aerodynamic force from the rotor blades, which work like an airplane wing or helicopter rotor blade. When wind flows across the blade, the air pressure on one side of the blade decreases. The difference in air pressure across the two sides of the blade creates both lift and drag. The force of the lift is stronger than the drag and this causes the rotor to spin. The rotor connects to the generator, either directly (if it's a direct drive turbine) or through a shaft and a series of gears (a gearbox) that speed up the rotation and allow for a physically smaller generator. This translation of aerodynamic force to rotation of a generator creates electricity�
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INTRODUCTIONHORZIONTAL VS VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES :
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TYPES OF VAWT
$3B
$2B
$1B
SAVONIOUS
DARRIEUS
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vawt
HOW WIND TURBINE WORK
A wind turbine turns wind energy into electricity using the aerodynamic force from the rotor blades, which work like an airplane wing or helicopter rotor blade. When wind flows across the blade, the air pressure on one side of the blade decreases. The difference in air pressure across the two sides of the blade creates both lift and drag. The force of the lift is stronger than the drag and this causes the rotor to spin. The rotor connects to the generator, either directly (if it's a direct drive turbine) or through a shaft and a series of gears (a gearbox) that speed up the rotation and allow for a physically smaller generator. This translation of aerodynamic force to rotation of a generator creates electricity�
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���INTRODUCTION
Introduction:
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SAVONIUS WIND TURBINE:
SAVONIOUS BLADES
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SAVONIOUS WIND TURBINE (CON.)
WORKING PROCESS:
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HOW A WIND TURBINE WORKS��
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PERFORMANCE:
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SAVONIOUS TURBINE PERFORMANCE:
Parameters that affect the performance of Savonius wind turbine:
Blades number:
the optimum number of blades is two for the Savonius rotor whether it is single, two or three stage.
Blade shapes:
By modifying the blades shape the aerodynamic properties of the blades can be increased therefore increasing the coefficient of power.
Number of stages:
a single staged rotor gives a Cp = 0.18, a two-staged rotor gives a
Cp = 0.29, while the three-staged rotor Cp of only 0.23.
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SAVONIOUS TURBINE PERFORMANCE (CON.):
Parameters that affect the performance of Savonius wind turbine:
Aspect Ratio:
the ratio between blade length and rotor radius, generally the use of ARs within the range of 1.5–2.0 set good results on the performance.
Overlap ratio:
the ratio of the diameter of the rotor blade to the distance which the blades overlap, the optimal value of overlap ratio is in the range of 0.1 to 0.15.
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APPLICATIONS:
Savonius turbines are used whenever cost or reliability is much more important than efficiency for this reason it is used in:
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DARRIEUS WIND TURBINE:
Introduction:
An alternate name of Darrieus Wind Turbine is an Eggbeater turbine. This kind of turbine was invented in the year 1931 by Georges Darrieus. A Darrieus machine is a low torque and high-speed device used to generate AC (alternating current). Generally, Darrieus requires physical push so some exterior power source is used to start rotating because the initial torque is extremely low. This machine consists of two blades that are vertically oriented and rotating around a perpendicular shaft.
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THEORY OF OPERATION:
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TYPES OF DARRIEUS:
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SWEEP AREA:
To calculate the wind power, we need to find out the swept region of the wind turbine based on the following equations:
A = D * H
Where
H: is the turbine’s height
D: is the diameter of the blade
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WIND POWER:
The available power of wind can be calculated like the following.
If we know the sweep area, we can discover the accessible wind power based on the following formula.
Pwind = 0.5 * ρ * v³ * A
Where:
A: is the sweep area
ρ: is the density of air
V: is the wind speed
Pwind: is the accessible wind power.
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EFFICIENCY & POWER OUTPUT
The turbine efficiency can be calculated like the following:
μ = (1 – k) * (1 – kₑ) * (1 – ke,t) *(1 – kt) * (1 – kw) * C
Where:
C: is the turbine efficiency and is typically between 30-40%
kw: is the wake of losses
kₑ: is the electrical losses of the wind turbine
ke,t: is the electrical losses of transmission to the grid
kt: is the % of the time out of order because of failure
μ: is the real efficiency
To find out the power of the wind turbine, simply multiply the efficiency through the available wind power
Poutput = μ * Pwind
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EFFICIENCY:
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APPLICATIONS:
Agriculture
Grinding grain
pumping water
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DESIGN AND COMPONENTS:
The darrieus turbine is composed of:
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DESIGN AND COMPONENTS:
The darrieus turbine is composed of:
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WIND POWER:
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:
Advantages
The rotor can take wind from every direction
Ease of maintenance
low maintenance cost.
virtually silent operation
Easily integrates into buildings
Disadvantages
Difficult start.
low efficiency.
Lower Available Wind Speed
They have a low starting torque and may need energy to begin turning.
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SUMMARY
What Makes Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines Better is that for a vertical-axis wind turbine, the shaft it set transverse to the wind and its main components are found at the turbine’s base. This arrangement enables the gearbox and generator to be positioned near the ground
As a result, maintenance/servicing and repair is much easier compared to horizontal-axis turbines where the key components are located high atop a tall tower. This reduces not just the costs but also the environmental impact
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REFERENCES:
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