LG 4: Describe the political, economic, and social motivations for imperialism and explain the role technology played in imperialism.

• The White Man’s Burden
• Rudyard Kipling, 1899 (British poet who spent time in British-controlled India; also wrote the Jungle Book)
• Written as advice to the United States at the time of the Spanish – American War when the U.S. took control of places like the Philippines.
• What do you think Kipling’s message to the USA was?
• What evidence in the text justifies your answer?

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Motivations for European Imperialism

• Describe the political, economic, and social motivations for European imperialism and explain the role technology played in European imperialism.(TEKS/SE’s 1E,8C,28B)

• Public policy of expansion and conquest followed by the European industrialized nations during the second half of the 19^th century.
• Primarily in Africa and Asia, Europeans established
• Colonies,
• Protectorates or
• Spheres of influence
• Often utilized military force to exert control

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• Industrialization
• created wealth and new technologies to conquer and control foreign lands.

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• Modern ships powered by steam,
• Steam Engine invented by James Watt
• Modern rifles, machine guns, and long-range artillery
• Telegraph (invented by Thomas Edison) and Railroads kept Imperial powers connected to conquered areas

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• Treatments for tropical diseases
• Quinine to treat Malaria
• Treatments for Yellow Fever

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• Prior to Quinine, European explorers were unable to survive in the interior of Africa

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• Industrialization allowed for mass production of commodities which in turn,
• created an increased demand
• for more natural resources to run the machines in the factories.
• for more raw materials to produce the goods.
• For example, cotton and rubber were not produced in European climate
• Thus, these types of products were needed for import for industry/manufacturing
• to find new sources of cheap labor to produce goods.
• for new markets to sell the products.
• to protect Imperial possessions (like colonies) and shipping lanes
• How would you categorize this list of demands?
• Political, Economic or Social?
• While this was a major motivation for 19^th century European Imperialism, it was not the only motive or justification for the policy.
• How would you categorize Rudyard Kipling’s rationale for imperialism?

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• IDEOLOGICAL
• As Kipling’s poem suggests, some Imperialists believed than Non-Europeans were unable to rule themselves
• Theories like Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest societies) supported the notion of European cultural, technological superiority and right to rule over “weaker” societies
• Belief that Europeans had duty to “civilize” other societies
• Racism: belief in European racial superiority

RELIGIOUS

• Missionaries hoped to convert non-Christians to Christianity

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• Western Europe’s balance of power was complicated by the creation of the new nations, Italy and Germany (1860s and 1870s.)

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• France and Great Britain were fueled to reassert their influence in light of these power shifts.

• Traditional supremacy of Great Britain and France in Africa and Asia.

• As new powers, Germany and Italy saw imperial expansion as a way to legitimize their status within Europe.

Fueled competition

http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/sounds/pomp.mid

GOAL: You will be analyzing written and visual artifacts depicting European motives for empire building in the late 19^th century.

• STEPS:
• In Pairs, study the image or text
• Complete chart by categorizing the motive illustrated in artifact by number
• Complete chart by citing evidence from artifact that supports your categorization

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• ECONOMIC:
• POLITICAL:
• SOCIAL:

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• Make $$
• Control foreign trade
• Open up new markets
• Obtain, Natural Resources, Raw materials and cheap labor
• Invest for trade
• Dominate commercial relations (as they did in Asia)

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• Nationalism drove nations to compete with other countries
• Acquire new territories
• Boost national pride
• Protection of conquered lands
• Acquire strategic sites for trade ports and naval bases
• Exercise Military Force

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• RELIGIOUS & IDEOLOGICAL:
• Spread Cultural values
• Belief in Racial superiority (racism)
• Belief in duty to “civilize” people in other parts of the world
• Spread Christianity
• Social Darwinism: “Survival of the Fittest”- only the strongest nations will survive.
• Belief that all great nations should have empires controlling “weaker” nations

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#1: Open-shaft diamond mining in Kimberly, South Africa, 1872

#2: A Methodist Sunday School at Guiongua, Angola, 1925

#3: Germans taking possession of Cameroon in 1881

#4: Quote from Henry Stanley in 1882

#5: Africans bringing ivory to the wagon in South Africa, c. 1860

#6: An advertisement for Pears’ Sope from the 1890s, and one stanza of the British poet Rudyard Kipling’s poem, The White Man’s Burden, written in 1899

#7: Mrs. Maria C. Douglas, a doctor and missionary, and the first class of pupil nurses in Burma, 1888.

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#8 British cartoon showing the Chinese being savaged by European powers, and the poem The Partition of China 1897

#9: Bagged groundnuts in pyramid stacks in West Africa

#10: French capture of the citadel of Saigon, Vietnam

#11: British Lipton Tea advertisement in the 1890s

#12: British cartoon “The Rhodes Colossus” showing Cecil Rhodes’ vision of making Africa “all British from Cape to Cairo” 1892

#13: An imperial yacht passing through the Suez Canal in Egypt at the opening of the canal in 1870

#14 American Attitude about Imperialism, 1898

#15 America’s View of European Imperialism, 1882

Open-shaft diamond mining in Kimberly, South Africa, 1872

Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (African labor, exploiting natural resources for profit)

A Methodist Sunday School at Guiongua, Angola, 1925

Imperial motives: SOCIAL: (Religious: Europeans spreading Christian values & education) or (Ideological: teaching European customs & beliefs)

Germans taking possession of Cameroon in 1881

Imperial motives:

POLITICAL (nationalism: flag shows national identity or desire to possess new territory, European & African leaders meeting, European military presence)

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Quote from Henry Stanley in 1882

Imperial motive:

SOCIAL: (ideological belief in superiority of Europeans or that Europeans should “civilize” African)

Africans bringing ivory to the wagon in South Africa, c. 1860

Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (collecting African resources)

An advertisement for Pears’ Sope from the 1890s, and one stanza of the British poet Rudyard Kipling’s poem, The White Man’s Burden, written in 1899

Imperial motives:

SOCIAL (Ideological: belief in European superiority, need to “civilize” captive peoples, need to cleanse “dark corners of the earth”)

and

ECONOMIC (boats transporting goods to colonies, advertisement to sell product)

Mrs. Maria C. Douglas, a doctor and missionary, and the first class of pupil nurses in Burma, 1888.

Imperial motives: SOCIAL: IDEOLOGICAL (teaching European values) or RELIGIOUS (education people of other cultures)

British cartoon showing the Chinese being savaged by European powers, and the poem The Partition of China 1897

Imperial motives:

POLITICAL (Naiionalism: Europeans depicted as animals competing for piece of China) or

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ECONOMIC (desire to trade in China to make cash) or

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SOCIAL:

RELIGIOUS (Chinese depicted as heathen, calls on Christian duty to preach in China) or

IDEOLOGICAL (belief that foreigners should be “civilized” by Europeans)

Bagged groundnuts in pyramid stacks in West Africa

Imperial motives:

ECONOMIC (Africans transporting indigenous goods)

French capture of the citadel of Saigon, Vietnam

Imperial motives: POLITICAL (Nationalism & Militarism: exerting military force, battling for possession of territory, carrying flags to establish political control)

British Lipton Tea advertisement in the 1890s

Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (goods from Ceylon transported to London, use of indigenous labor and resources, exportation of industrial technology) or POLITICAL (Nationalism: gaining national prestige through international trade)

British cartoon “The Rhodes Colossus” showing Cecil Rhodes’ vision of making Africa “all British from Cape to Cairo” 1892

Imperial motives:

POLITICAL (Nationalism & Militarism- desire to control African territory, desire to boost national pride and gain power by winning colonies, desire to have military presence)

An imperial yacht passing through the Suez Canal in Egypt at the opening of the canal in 1870

Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (exportation of transportation methods to improve trade) or

POLTICAL (Nationalism: boosting national pride and prestige by controlling foreign territories)

#14 American Attitude about Imperialism, 1898

Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (import raw materials, export manufactured items to Latin American ) or

POLTICAL (Nationalism: boosting national pride and prestige by controlling foreign territories)

#15 America’s View of European Imperialism, 1882

Imperial motives: ECONOMIC (Britain sought control of Suez Canal in Egypt) or

POLTICAL (Nationalistic rivalry between the United States and Europe )