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JEEVAK AYURVED MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL & RESEARCH CENTER�KAMLAPUR AKAUNI CHANDAULI U.P.

TOPIC – AUSHADHA SEVANA KAALA & AUSHADH MATRA

PRESENTED BY –

PREETI KUSHWAHA

RITU CHAUHAN

GUIDED BY –

DR. GD GUPTA

DR. KAMOD GHIRPUNJE

DR. ABHINAV SINGH

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INTRODUCTION

AUSHADHA

ओषो वीर्य तदधारकत्वादौषधम् ।।

Aushadha is so called as it possesses “osa” mean virya (potency) & who hold this potency known as Aushadha.
Aushadha is a synonym of Chikitsa ( Treatment).

Sevan :- In simple words –

To Intake.
To consume something.

KAALA

कालो हि नाम (भगवान्) स्वयम्भुरनादिमध्यनिधनोऽत्रः ।

Mean time or specific time period.
According to Charka, kaala have been divided into two : Nithyaka and Avasthika.

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And this AUSHADH SEVAN KAALA is considered under AVASTHIKA KAALA.
Proper time for administration of Aushadha or the specific time mentioned for the intake of medicines depending the dosha invovled is known as Bhaishajya or Aushadh sevan kaala.
The Acharyas have designed the Bhaisajya kaala, in which food is predominating used as a vehicle to achieve the expected therapeutic result.

Number of different Aushadha sevan kaala by different Acharya:

S . No	KAALA	SAMHITA	REFERENCE
1.	05	Sharangadhara Samhita	Purva.Khanda 2/1-12
2.	10	Charak Samhita	Cha.chi 30/297
	10	Sushruta Samhita	Sush.utt 64/65
	10	Ashtanga Hridaya	Ash.Sut 13/37
	10	Kashyapa Samhita	Ka.kila 3/34
3.	11	Ashtanga Sangraha	A.S.Sutra 23/12

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FACTORS DECIDING AUSHADHI SEVANA KAAL

Potency of the Drug
Different form of drug preparations

Pathological process of the disease

Environmental factor

Patient internal constitution

The state of Digestion

AUSADAHI

ROG

DESHA

PRAKRITI

Or BALA

AGNI

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Sharngdhara descibed 5 Types of Medicinal intake method :-

Suryodaya kaala ( Sun rise time )
Divasa Bhojana kaala ( Day meal time)
Bhojana Agre
Bhojana Madhye
Bhojana Ante
Purvam Ante
Chitrya Bhojye
Sayam Bhojana kaala ( Evening meal time)
Grasa
Grasantara
Bhuktasya Ante
Muhurmuhu kaala ( Repeated times)
Nishi kaala ( Bed time)

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Abhakta/Niranna� (Empty stomach)

EMPTY STOMACH

Ananna, Nirbhukta, Suryodaye Jaate are the synonyms of the above kaala.
It is the specific kala (time) in which Bheshaja is administered on empty stomach.
Chkrpanni- It should be given before meals in the morning.
Hemadri – Aushadha is given after digestion of food.
Indu – It should be given after one Yaama (three hours) after sunrise.

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CONDITION:

Patient with good digestive fire (Pradipta Agni Avastha)
Patients having a good strength (Balwan Rogi) and with Balavan Vyadhi.

INDICATIONS:
Kapha Vikaras (Kaphaja disease) or Pitta / Kapha Vruddhi and for intake of Vamana-Virechana Aushadhi.

CONTRA INDICATIONS:
Baala, Vriddha, Vanita, Mridu persons in order to avoid glani and bala kshaya.

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Example:

ICHABEDI RASA and ERANDA TAILA used for VIRECHANA purpose
GUDUCHYADI KWATH used in Jwara.
KANCHNAR GUGGULU used in Galagandadi roga
GUDA BHALLATAK used in Anaha.

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Pragbhakta/Bhuktadau (Before Meal)

Prak Bhojana, Bhojana Agre, Poorva Bhaktashaya, are the synonyms.
Pragbhakta means before meals.
In this specific Aushadha kala, Hemadri suggests taking aushadhi immediately followed by food.
Activity of Aushadha :
Ashupaka of Aushadha.
No balakshaya, as the food follows the Aushadha.
No mechanical expulsion of Aushadha, due to intake of food. (Urdhwagati Pratibandha).

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INDICATIONS:

Apana vayu vikruti.
Diseases of lower(Adha) body (Kaya Vikaras).
Mutravaha-Malavaha-Shukravaha.
Pakvashayagata VyadhiArsha, and Gudabhransha.

Example - VARUNADI KWATHA and SHWETAPARPATI used in MUTRAKRICHRA, PUSHYNUGA CHURNA used in PRADARA, CHITRAKADI VATI used in AJEERNA, SAPHATIKA CHURNA used in UDAVARTA.

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Madhyabhakta (In between meals)

Madhye bhaktam Madhya bhojanam, madhye are the synonyms.
Bheshaja is administered in between meals.
Chakrapani & Indu-50% food intake → Bheshaja → remaining food intake.

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Activity of Bheshaja

Bheshaja-acts locally & eradicates the Sthanic doshas.
Stimulaton of the Samana vayu and pachak pitta because consumed food initiates the process of digestion, which in turn activates samana vayu and pachak pitta. Thus saman vayu will act over the medicine taken and helps to give the expected result. Then again food is consumed, which covers the medicine and prevents the regurgitation of medicine.
Indications
Dosha- Samanavayu Vikruti, pitta
Disease- Koshthagatavyadhi, pakvashayagata vyadhi, shula, gulma, grahani.
Example
DHATRI LOHA used in Shula roga.
AVIPATTIKAR CHURNA used in Amlapitta.

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Pashchadhakta/Adhobhakta (after Lunch & Dinner)

Ante, Adhoha, Adhobhaktam, Pashchat are the synonyms.
Bheshaja is administered after meals (after lunch & dinner).
Hemadri & Indu- Bheshaja is to be administered immediately after meals.
Vyanavikruti- Bheshaja is administered after lunch.
Udanavikruti- Bheshaja is administered after dinner.

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Activity of Bheshaja

After lunch - stimulation of Vyana Vayu.
The site of vyaana vayu is considered to be hruday-(heart). Acharyas have stated that as every flower blooms in the morning everyday similarly every morning heart also blooms, activating vyaana vayu it. Thus the medicine administered in the morning will reach hridaya and will act properly on vyaana vaayu. The medicine should be administered after meal, as the vyaana vaayu gets activated after the digestion of food and formation of aahara rasa. Thu the administered medicine is carried along with the vyaana vaayu and helps to cure the diseases relatec with vyaana vaayu.

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After dinner - stimulation of Udana Vayu.
Acharyas has stated that, as the flowers droop in the evening after blooming for the whole day, similarly the heart also get languish after working for the whole day. Thus the activity of vyaana vaayu also droops in the night. The activities of vyaan are then taken over by udana vaayu. Thus the administered helps to cure the diseases related with udana vata.
Indications:
Dosha- Vyanavayu Vikruti, Udanavayu Vikruti.
Disease-
Vyanavayujanya-napunsakata, debility, shopha, jvara, depression, body ache, tingling, numbness, kushtha, visarpa.
Udanavayujanya - throat-infections, depression, chhardi, aruchi, pinasa, galaganda, urdhvajatrugata vyadhi, Karshya, Ura Sthangata Kasa - Shwasagata Vyadhi.
EXAMPLE
NAGARJUNA YOGA used in Arsha.
MAHASHANKA VATI used in Udar shula.
KUSHMANDA AVALEHA used in Raktapitta.
ASHWAGANDHARISHTA used in Deepana Pachana

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Antarbhakta (after digestion of meal in noon)

Antarabhaktam, Bhaktayormadhye are the synonum.
Previously consumed food is digested, Bheshaja consumed; after metabolism of Bheshaja, again food is taken in the evening.

Activity of Bheshaja
It shows Hrudya, Pathya & Manobalakara effect.

Physiology of the Sharira
Due to madhyanha i.e. Pittakala, Agni is in a stimulated condition. So Bheshaja is properly metabolized in this kala.

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INDICATIONS

It is indicated in Diptagni Vikara (diseases).
In Vyana Vata Dosha Janya Vikara (disease).

EXAMPLE
SHILAJATU PRAYOG used in PRAMEНА.

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Sabhakta kala

Aushadha is given mixed with food.
Indu- Bheshaja is processed or cooked along with food or it is given with food.
This kind of medication is given so as to mask the strong taste and smell of medicines.

Activity of Aushadha:

To potentiate the Agni-Bala.

Indications:

Disease-Arochaka, aruchi, sarvanga gatt vyadhis.
Patients-sukumara, vriddha, baala, debilitated patients & those who exhibit unpalatability to medicines.

EXAMPLE

AMRITADTA GHRITA used in Vatarakta.
DRAKSHADYA GHRITA used in Amlapitta.

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Muhurmuhu (frequently administered)

Aushadha is repeatedly taken with or without food.
Bheshaja is frequently administered irrespective of Bhukta or Abhuktavastha.

Indications:
Disease –
Pranavahastrotogata Vyadhi-- Shvasa, Kasa, Hikka.
Udakavahastrotogata Vyadhi – Trishna.
Annavahastrotogata Vyadhi - Chardi, Visha

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Activity of Aushadha:

Due to its frequent useage and high concentra drug provides more bio-availability and help to maintain the effect throughout so that it can ta the vitiated doshas in their Sanchaya & Vegava.

Example –
ABRAKA PARPATI used in SHWASA
RASONA KALKA used in CHARDI
BILWADI VATI used in VISHA
SHRINGADI CHURA used in SHWASA
KANAKASAVA used in KASA, SHWASA

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Samudga (Before food and after food)

Samudga means before and after food. Food taken should be Laghu (light).
Indu, Hemadri -Bheshaja should be consumed immediately in relation to food. Bheshaja acts as a Samudga (Box) for Ahara.
Indications:
Dosha- Vyana-Apana-UdanavayuType of Dravya- Avaleha, Churna
Disease-
Hikka, Kampa, Akshepaka, Vataja Prameha, Shukradosha.
Patients-a patient who consumes light food.

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Activity of Aushadha:
Corrects gati of vikrut Vata dosha by promoting anulomana of Vata dosha
Promotes Urdhva & Adhara Gati of the drug.

Example:
PIPPALI CHURNA used in HIKKA.
ARDRAKA AVALEHA used in HIKKA

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Sagrasa (with each and every morsel of food

Arunadatta, Hemadri-Bheshaja is to be mixed with each morsel of food.

INDICATIONS:
Dosha - Pranavayu
Agni - To stimulate Agni
Disease - Pranavayuvikruti (Pinasa, Ardita, trusha, Shvasa)
Bheshaja - Vajikarana Bheshaja (Churna, Leha, Deepana Dravya, Vati, Guti)

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Activity of Aushadha:
Sagrasa Bheshaja facilitates absorption of the bheshaja right from the buccal mucosa.
High concentration of drug in systemic circulation offers rapid onset of action.

EXAMPLE –
HINGWASHTAKA CHURNA used in Agnimandya
TRIPHALA GRITHA used in NETRA ROGA.

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Grasantara (in between two morsel of food)

Grasantara means adminstration of Bhaishaj in between each bolus of food

Indications:
Dosha-Pranavayuvikruti.
Type of Dravya- Leha
Disease- Pinasa, Ardita, Trisha, Shwasa, Hrudroga

Activity of Aushadha:
It helps in correcting the gati vikruti of Vata dosha by promoting anulomana of Vata dosha

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Nishi:

Synonyms: Swpnakale,Ratre.
Administration of Aushadha at night after digestion of consumed food.
Indu - Nishi Kala is the time after evening meal is digested and 3 hours have passed.
Sharangadhara – Anannavastha.
Indications:
Dosha-Kapha
Type of Dravya- Pachana, Shamana, nidrajanak, vednashamak and drug acting on manovaha strota.
Disease-Urdhvajatrugata Vyadhi.
Purpose-Lekhana, Brahmana

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Activity of Aushadha:
Selective action of the Aushadha towards the urdhvajatrugata anga because the Adhara gati of drug is prevented by food.

Example:
PATHYADI SHADANGA KASHAYA used in SHIRASHOOLA
SWADISHTA VIRECHANA CHURNA used in VIBHANDA
TRIVRITADI MODAKA used in MASTIKSHA ROGA.

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Aushadha Matra

"Matra“

Matra means: A Measure of any kind, quantity, size, duration, number, degree, etc.
Chakrapani in his commentary described Matra as “Either the Ahara or Aushadha when taken in proper quantity it produces good results. Also, if doesn't cause any undesired result when taken in proper quantity“.
Acharya charak also mentioned regarding the proper administration of the drug. It is the Matra only by which Visha becomes Amrita & vice versa Ausadha becomes Visha. If it is properly used in Samyak Matra it cures disesase.

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General dose of different pediatric age group according to Acharya Kashyap:-

Sr.No.	Age	Dose( Ghrita)
1.	Jatamatra (1-5 days)	Badariphala Beejatalya [size equivalent to the seed of Jujuba of ber fruit]
2.	5-10 days	Slightly increased
3.	11- 20 days	Equal to half Badariphala
4.	Up to 1 months	Equal to 1 Badariphala
5.	Up to 2 months	Slightly increased
6.	Up to 3 months	Size equivalent to 2 Badariphala
7.	Up to 4 months	Equal to dry Amalaki fruit
8.	Up to 5-6 months	Equal to wet Amalaki fruit
9.	Up to 7- 8 months	More than wet Amalaki fruit

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Specific dose for different kalpana according to kashyapa samhita:-

Sr. No.	Churna	Matra
1.	Deepaniya Churna (Appetizer powder)	Agraparvanguli grahya The quantity of drug held between for phalanges of finger of hand.
2.	Jeevaniya (Longevity enhancer ) & Sanshamaniya (pacifying powder ) churna.	Double of Deepaniya churna Matra
3.	Vamana (Emetic ) and Virechana (Purgtive ) Churna.	Half of Deepniya churna Matra.

Sr. No	Kalka	Matra
1.	Deepaniya Kalka	1 Karsha
2.	Jeevaniya, Sanshamaniya	2 Karsha
3.	Vamaka, Virechaka	1.5 Karsha

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