1 of 47

SOL Review

  • Middle Ages
  • Renaissance
  • Mesoamerica
  • Africa

2 of 47

Middle Ages

3 of 47

Middle Ages

  • Fall of Roman Empire
  • Invasions by Vikings, Magyars, etc.
  • People need protection- leads to castles and government called Feudalism

4 of 47

5 of 47

Feudalism

  • decentralized govt. w/ mutual protection alliances
  • nobles exchange land (fiefs) for loyalty and military aid

6 of 47

Feudalism

lord

vassal

fiefs

loyalty, military aid, other services

7 of 47

Lords

​

Vassals

Knights

​

Serfs

8 of 47

Manor Life

  • manor: self-sufficient estate w/ village, land, peasants

​

9 of 47

Manor Life

lord

peasant

farming, work, payments

farmland, protection

10 of 47

Other Events:

  • Charlemagne:
    • Frankish king who united land area of modern France
  • Crusades:
    • Kick Muslims out of Jerusalem (Holy Land)
    • Many attempts, only the first works

11 of 47

12 of 47

13 of 47

Other Events:

  • Black Death:
    • Bubonic Plague spread by fleas on rats
    • 2/3 of people die
  • Nation building:
    • England and France: 100 years war, Joan of Arc
    • Spain: Spanish Inquisition
  • Power of Catholic Church:
    • Church controlled peoples lives
    • Popes, Priests, Monks
    • Persecution of other religions

​

14 of 47

15 of 47

16 of 47

Renaissance

17 of 47

Renaissance

  • “rebirth” of classical (Greek/Roman) knowledge
  • cultural awakening in Europe
  • started in Italy
  • about 1350 – 1600

18 of 47

New Ideas

  • individualism – emphasis on person as individual rather than part of a group
  • humanism – focus on worldly themes instead of religious

19 of 47

Key People

  • Niccolo Machiavelli- The Prince
  • Leonardo da Vinci- “Renaissance Man”, Mona Lisa
  • Michelangelo- Sistine Chapel ceiling

20 of 47

Mona Lisa

21 of 47

The Last Supper

22 of 47

Sistine Chapel

23 of 47

24 of 47

Renaissance Spreads North to Europe

25 of 47

Key People/Invetions

  • William Shakespeare- playwright
  • Christopher Marlowe- poet
  • Jan van Eyck- artist
  • Thomas More- Utopia: “ideal society”
  • Gutenberg Printing Press (HUGE)

26 of 47

printing press

27 of 47

Mesoamerican Civilizations:

  • Aztec
  • Maya
  • Inca
      • Make columns

28 of 47

Mesoamerican Civilizations

  • Aztec:
    • 1200-1521
    • Central Mexico
    • Tenochtitlan
    • Emperor, Unified City-States
    • Polytheistic, Emphasis on Warfare, human sacrifices, pyramid temples
    • Agriculture, Conquest
    • Chinampas, Calendar, Medicine
    • Hernan Cortes in 1521

29 of 47

30 of 47

Mesoamerican Civilizations

  • Maya:
    • 300-900 AD
    • Modern-day Belize (Central America)
    • Tikal, Chichen Itza
    • Monarchy
    • Polytheistic: temples, pyramids, human sacrifices, afterlife
    • Trade and agriculture
    • Accurate calendar, number system, astronomy
    • Unknown decline/downfall

31 of 47

Mesoamerican Civilizations

  • Inca:
    • 1400-1532
    • Peru/Andes Mountains
    • Machu Picchu, Cuzco
    • The Inca
    • Polytheistic, Human and Animal Sacrifices
    • Agriculture
    • Road System, Surgery, Medicine, Calendar, Quipus
    • Francisco Pizarro in 1532

32 of 47

33 of 47

African Civilizations

34 of 47

Africa’s Geography

  • variety of climate zones
  • interior rivers help movement of people, goods
  • natural resources: salt, gold, iron, copper

35 of 47

West Africa

  • Ghana (800-1100s)
  • Mali (1200-1450)
    • Mansa Musa
  • Songhai (1450-1600)
    • Timbuktu is center of learning
  • Muslim
  • Gold-Salt Trade

36 of 47

37 of 47

38 of 47

39 of 47

40 of 47

41 of 47

East Africa

  • Axum (350-600)
  • Controlled trade among Africa, India, and Mediterranean
  • Christian first, then Islam dominates, leads to civil war

42 of 47

43 of 47

South Africa

  • Zimbabwe
  • farming and gold trade
  • “Great Zimbabwe” = “great stone buildings”

44 of 47

45 of 47

46 of 47

47 of 47