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The Industrial Revolution

The Revolution that changed the world forever

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  • Industrial – Having to do with industry, business or manufacturing
  • Revolution – a huge change or a change in the way things are done
  • Industrial Revolution – a change from making things by hand to making them in factories.

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Transportation

  • Before the Industrial Revolution, people relied on the horse and their own feet to get around.
  • With the invention of the steam locomotive, transportation took a huge step forward.
  • The first two major railroad companies were the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads.

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Passenger carriers

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An original steam engine

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Steam locomotive

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Leland Stanford

  • Leland Stanford was a business tycoon, (a wealthy, powerful person in business or industry) co-founder of the Central Pacific Railroad, creator of Stanford University, and the governor of California.

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Textiles

  • With the invention of the spinning jenny and the power loom, the textile industry took off.
  • Clothes could now be made far faster than ever before.

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Spinning wheel

  • The spinning wheel was the first invention, but it was very slow.
  • Threads were spun one at a time, by hand.

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The spinning jenny

  • The spinning jenny could spin up to eight thread at time. The spinning jenny was much faster than the spinning wheel.

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The Spinning Mule

  • The spinning mule used water power to spin the thread, which was much faster than doing it by hand.
  • More cloth could now be made.

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The Power Mule

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The power loom

  • The power loom used water power to weave cloth
  • People could make a lot of cloth quickly.

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A cotton factory

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Agriculture

  • Advances in agriculture were also made.
  • The invention of the seed drill allowed farmers to plant many more seeds much more quickly.
  • The reaper allowed farmers to harvest their crops more efficiently.
  • More crops could now be grown feeding an increasing population.

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The seed drill

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The reaper

  • The reaper was used to cut down the harvest. As you can see, it would take a long time to do it by hand.

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The mechanical reaper

The mechanical reaper was a lot faster than doing the hand reaper

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Steel

  • With the invention of steel, buildings could be made much taller.
  • Steel was much harder than iron, which would bend if made too tall.
  • The steel industry created many new products, and led to the invention of the car.

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Smoke stacks of a factory

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A melting plant

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Pollution

  • One of the bad things about industrialization was pollution, as you could see in the earlier slides.

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Andrew Carnegie

  • Andrew Carnegie became a millionaire in the steel business by putting all his competitors out of business.
  • He created U.S. Steel in Pittsburg.

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The electric light

  • Can you imagine what life would be like without the electric light?
  • Thomas Edison invented the electric light.
  • Thomas Edison also invented many other things, like the phonograph.

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Thomas Edison

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The phonograph

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Telegraph

  • In 1844, Samuel Morse demonstrates his telegraph by sending a message to Baltimore from the chambers of the Supreme Court in Washington, DC. The message, "What hath God wrought?," marks the beginning of a new era in communication.
  • The telegraph used dots and dashes to send messages over electric lines. These dots and dashes became known as Morse Code.

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Telephone

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  • Alexander Graham Bell patented the first telephone in 1876.

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John D. Rockefeller

  • John D. Rockefeller became the richest man in the world in the oil business.
  • He created Standard Oil Company.
  • Oil began being used in all types of machines, like cars.

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Henry Ford

  • Henry Ford invented the first practical car, the Model T.
  • The car had been invented earlier, but Ford was the first to make the car affordable.

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Samuel Gompers

  • With all the new businesses being created, someone needed to take care of the workers.
  • Gompers created the American Federation of Labor, or organization of other labor unions that had bonded together to protect the rights of workers.

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What are the similarities between Carnegie, Rockefeller, Stanford, and Ford?

  • They were all leaders of big business

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Orville and Wilber Wright

  • The Wright brothers were the first men to successfully fly an airplane.
  • The flight lasted only twelve seconds, but it proved men could fly.

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