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NERVOUS SYSTEM

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Nervous System

Nervous system is very important part of human body. The nervous system is made up of all the nerve cell in our body. It is through the nervous system that we communicate with outside world and, at the same time , many mechanisms inside our body are controlled. The nervous system takes in information through our senses, processes the information and triggers reactions, such as making our muscles move .

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Types of Nervous System

  • Central Nervous System( Cerebro Spinal Axis)
  • Peripheral Nervous System
  • Autonomic Nervous System

Central Nervous system consists of Brain and Spinal Cord.

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Peripheral Nervous System

  • 31 pairs of nerves branching from the spinal cord(spinal nerves)
  • 12pairs that emerge from the brain(cranial nerves)

Considered separate from the brain and spinal cord

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The blue is PNS, red is CNS

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(PNS)Two type of Neurone- Sensory and Motor

  • Motor neurone carry massages nerve cells in the brain( called upper motor neurones) are transmitted to nerve cells in the brain stem and spinal cord ( called lower motor neurones) and from them to particular muscles.
  • Upper motor neurones direct the lower motor neurones to produce movement such as walking or chewing
  • Lower motor neurones control movement in the arms, legs, chest, face, throat, and tongue
  • Sensory- Sensory neuron also known as afferent neurons, its carries impulses from sense organs to the CNS(spinal cord or brain) like pain, heat etc.

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Autonomic Nervous System�

  • Autonomic nervous system it is part of peripheral nervous system. It control the inside of the body: viscera and gut. It carries information about the inside of the body to the CNS and controls unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, urination and sexual arousal. It is regulated by hypothalamus.
  • It has three branches: sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric nervous system.

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Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

  • Sympathetic Nerves
  • Sympathetic nervous system prepares the

body for intense physical activity and is often

referred to as the fight-or fight response.

  • Originates in thoracic and lumbar region of spinal cord

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  • Parasympathetic Nerves
  • Parasympathetic nervous system has almost the exact opposite effect and relaxes the body and inhibits or slow high energy function.
  • Originates in Sacral region of spinal cord, medulla, cranial nerves 3,7,9 and 10

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Functions of Neuron

  • Collect sensory input from inside the body and external environment and carry the information to Central Nervous System(CNS)
  • Sensory information brought to the CNS is process and interpreted.
  • Motor nerves convey information from the CNS to muscles and glands of the body.

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References

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Peripheral Nervous System�

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