Primary Cleaning of Vegetable Oils

Lecture N 8

Subject: Technology of vegetable oil production

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Definition and Translation

• O‘simlik moylarini birlamchi tozalash
• = Primary Refining of Vegetable Oils

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• Initial purification of crude oils to ensure food safety and quality.

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Importance in Food Technology

• - Ensures food safety
• - Improves nutritional and sensory quality
• - Prepares oil for edible refining
• - Extends shelf life

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Oil-Bearing Raw Materials

• - Sunflower
• - Soybean
• - Cottonseed
• - Rapeseed (Canola)
• - Corn germ
• - Olive, Palm

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Composition of Crude Vegetable Oils

• - Triglycerides (95–98%)
• - Free fatty acids
• - Phospholipids (gums)
• - Pigments
• - Moisture
• - Mechanical impurities

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Objectives of Primary Refining

• - Remove physical and colloidal impurities
• - Reduce moisture and FFA
• - Improve clarity and stability
• - Meet food standards

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Classification of Impurities

• Physical: dust, fiber, seed particles
• Colloidal: phospholipids, proteins
• Chemical: FFA, metals

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Technological Scheme

• 1. Settling
• 2. Filtration
• 3. Centrifugation
• 4. Hydration (Degumming)
• 5. Drying

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Settling (Sedimentation)

• - Gravity separation
• - Removes water and heavy solids
• - Preliminary clarification step

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Filtration

• - Removes suspended solids
• - Uses food-grade filters
• - Improves visual quality

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Centrifugation

• - High-speed separation
• - Continuous operation
• - Effective removal of water and solids

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Hydration (Degumming)

• - Key food technology step
• - 60–80 °C, 1–3% water
• - Removes phospholipids
• - Improves stability and taste

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Drying of Oil

• - Removes residual moisture
• - Prevents hydrolysis
• - Performed under vacuum

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Equipment Used

• - Settling tanks
• - Filters
• - Disc centrifuges
• - Heat exchangers
• - Vacuum dryers

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Quality Indicators

• - Moisture content
• - Insoluble impurities
• - Phosphorus level
• - Acid value
• - Color

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Role in Edible Oil Technology

• - Protects nutritional value
• - Reduces refining losses
• - Ensures consumer safety

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Conclusion

• Primary refining is a fundamental stage in food oil technology, ensuring safety, quality, and efficient further processing.

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTIONS !!!

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