What are the 7 nutrient groups?

B7.2 Digestive system

6.1.2 List the principal sources of and describe the importance of

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12

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1. Mouth

2. Saliva

3. Teeth

4. Oesophagus

5. Stomach

6. Pancreas

7. Liver

8. Gall Bladder

9. Small Intestine

10. Large Intestine

11. Rectum

12. Anus

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B7.2 Digestive system

Place the organs in the correct order

B7.2.1 Identify the main regions of the alimentary canal: mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, (duodenum and ileum) and large intestine (colon, rectum and anus) and associated organs pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

B7.2 Digestive system

Do you know all the terms?

Checkpoint

https://quizlet.com/_8lz51z?x=1qqt&i=28b19k

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1. Liver
2. Gall Bladder
3. Pancreas

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B7.2 Digestive system

B7.2.1 Identify the main regions of the alimentary canal: mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, (duodenum and ileum) and large intestine (colon, rectum and anus) and associated organs pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

List the steps in digestion (and what organs we would see on the way):

1. Mouth
2. Saliva (Secreted from the salivary gland)
3. Teeth
4. Oesophagus
5. Stomach
6. Small Intestine
7. Large Intestine
8. Rectum
9. Anus

Challenge:

Which one is the most important?

Why?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Og5xAdC8EUI

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VwrsL-lCZYo

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B6.3.7 Identify the main regions of the alimentary canal and associated organs, limited to mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

Mouth

Salivary Glands

Oesophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine (colon)

Rectum

Anus

Liver

Gall Bladder

Pancreas

Bile Duct

Teeth for Physical Digestion

Saliva contains enzymes for chemical Digestion

Peristalsis moves food to the stomach

Contains HCl Acid, Protease and ‘Churns’ the food

Produces bile

Stores bile

produces all enzymes

contain villi for absorption

absorbs water and salts

stores faeces (poo) including fibre

egests waste

Imagine you are walking down the digestive system…

What would you see?

What is happening?

What would it smell like?

What sort of substance would you be in?

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https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/dsmovie.html

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B7.2 Digestive system

Role play

6.3.8 Describe the functions of the mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

• What are villi?
• Where are villi found?
• What do villi do?
• What features do villi have? Why?
• What do villi look like?
• Challenge: How are celiac people affected by gluten?

B7.3 Digestion

Villi Research

B6.7 Identify the main regions of the alimentary canal and associated organs, limited to mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

What is the function of stomach acid?

What are its properties?

Why do we have it?

What are some conditions/diseases that occur in the stomach?

What enzyme is produced in the stomach?

What is it’s optimum pH? Why?

B7.3 Digestion

What is stomach acid and what is the function?

B7.3.7 Describe the functions of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, limited to killing harmful microorganisms in food and providing an acidic pH for optimum enzyme activity of proteases in the stomach

Challenge:

Could you live without stomach acid?

What are the 2 functions of bile?

What are biles properties?

Why do we have bile?

Where is bile produced and stored?

What does emulsify mean?

What is bile made out of?

What are gallstones and how do they affect normal functioning?

What is the pH of bile? Why?

B7.3 Digestion

What is bile and what is the function?

B7.3.8 Explain that bile is an alkaline mixture that neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering the duodenum from the stomach, to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action in the small intestine

B7.3.9 Outline the role of bile in emulsifying fats and oils to increase the surface area for chemical digestion

Challenge: What issues does Vietnam face around “Bear Bile”?

B7.3 Digestion

Modelling Digestion

B6.3.7 Identify the main regions of the alimentary canal and associated organs, limited to mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

B7.3 Digestion

Modelling Digestion

B6.3.7 Identify the main regions of the alimentary canal and associated organs, limited to mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

1. List the parts of the digestive system from mouth to anus
2. Why do the mouth and stomach both squeeze and break up the food?
3. The adult intestine is approximately 7.5m long and surrounded by a very rich blood supply. Suggest why.
4. Food is pushed through the digestive system by muscle contraction. How do you show this in your model?

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B7.3 Digestion

Modelling Digestion Reflection

B6.3.7 Identify the main regions of the alimentary canal and associated organs, limited to mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

It takes approximately 20-30 hours for the food you eat to travel from your mouth to your anus

List the steps in digestion (and what organs we would see on the way):

1. Mouth
2. Saliva
3. Teeth
4. Oesophagus
5. Stomach
6. Liver
7. Gall Bladder (+Pancreas)
8. Small Intestine
9. Large Intestine
10. Rectum
11. Anus

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B6 Animal Nutrition

6.3.8 Describe the functions of the mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

1. Cut out the remaining cards

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Challenge:

Match the following cards with their organ

**REMINDER**

Each organ has 2 features

B6 Animal Nutrition

6.3.8 Describe the functions of the mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

• Mouth –
• Teeth –
• Saliva –
• Oesophagus –
• Stomach –
• Liver -
• Gall Bladder -
• Small Intestine –
• Large Intestine –
• Rectum –
• Anus -

Task 1: Organise the cards with their organ

B6 Animal Nutrition

6.3.8 Describe the functions of the mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

1. I produce bile

2. I produce moisten the food and contain enzymes

3. I allow digestion to be completed so the digested food can be absorbed into the blood.

4. I store the bile.

5. I have muscular walls to churn the food and a protease to digest proteins. I have lots of hydrochloric acid.

6. I let the faeces out.

7. I produce enzymes for the small intestine.

B6 Animal Nutrition

Who am I?

6.3.8 Describe the functions of the mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

1. What is mechanical digestion? 
2. ___________ digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules
3. Find an image of an adult set of teeth 
4. What are the parts of a tooth? 
5. What is a carnivore, omnivore and herbivore? 
6. Research the teeth of one animal mentioned above. Eg. What type of teeth do they have? How many? What food do they eat? How does this type of tooth help them in digestion? 
7. You are about to graduate University as a Dentist. Create a TV advertisement to teach children why and how they should brush their teeth. 

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Challenge: Compare the digestive system of your animal to a human? How are they similar? How are they different? 

B7.3 Digestion

B7.3.1 Describe physical digestion as the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

B7.3.2 State that physical digestion increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion

Teeth –

1. What are the three main types of teeth?
2. What does each type of tooth do?
3. Why do we have to care for our teeth?
4. What could happen if we didn’t?
5. Why do dogs and cows have different teeth?

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Challenge: Design a business card to advertise your dental services.

B6 Animal Nutrition

Construct a flow chart with annotations to illustrate the digestion of a beef burger with salad and fries

6.3.8 Describe the functions of the mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

B6 Animal Nutrition

Practice Retrieval Grid

6.3.8 Describe the functions of the mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and anus

B6 Animal Nutrition

Checkpoint

Can you be the Kahoot champion?

https://create.kahoot.it/share/the-alimentary-canal-gastrointestinal-tract/5a66cb3d-6461-44ac-98c4-416f6932f385

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Quizlet

B6 Animal Nutrition

Checkpoint

Can you be the Kahoot champion?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZE-TtFhZlDw

B6 Animal Nutrition

Extra Information

Teeth

1. State the 7 nutrients (7 Marks)
2. List the organs in the digestive system (12 Marks)
3. Explain how to carry out a test for glucose (5 Marks)
4. State 3 types of enzymes, what large molecules they break down and what small molecules are they broken down into (10 Marks)
5. State where all of the enzymes are produced (2 Marks)

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Challenge: What foods have fibre in them and what is fibre used for?

Complete the following questions in your book = /36 Marks

1. Carbohydrate, Lipids, Proteins, Fibre, Water, Minerals and Vitamins
2. Mouth, Teeth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Pancreas, Liver, Gall Bladder, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum and Anus
3. Food Source, Benedicts, Bath, 2 Mins, Red = A lot, Yellow = Mod = Green Little
4. Carbohydrates 🡪 Carbohydrase (Amylase) 🡪 Glucose

Proteins 🡪 Protease 🡪 Amino Acids

Lipids 🡪 Lipase 🡪 Fatty Acids and Glycerol

5. Small intestine and pancreas

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Challenge: What foods have fibre in them and what is fibre used for?

Energy in Food

Complete the following questions in your book

Do Now

Energy in Food

Choose 1 vitamin and 1 mineral and create 1 A4 factsheet

Starter

B6 Animal Nutrition

B6.3 Explain how age, gender and activity affect the dietary needs of humans including during pregnancy and breastfeeding

B6 Animal Nutrition

How do the following affect the dietary needs of humans? 

B6.1.3 Explain how age, gender and activity affect the dietary needs of humans including during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Vitamin C: 

• This helps in the formation of connective tissue giving us strong supple skin. 
• Sources include citrus fruits, (oranges, lemons, limes etc.) 
• Not enough Vitamin C in the diet will lead to the deficiency disease scurvy with symptoms of bleeding gums and joints (bleeding under the skin). 

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B6 Animal Nutrition

What vitamins do we need and where do we get them from?

B6.1.4 Describe the effects of malnutrition in relation to scurvy

Vitamin D:  

• This helps the body to absorb calcium and in the formation of strong bones and teeth. 
• Sources include milk and exposure of your skin to the sun. 
• Not enough Vitamin D in the diet will lead to the deficiency disease rickets with sufferers having bended limbs. 

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B6 Animal Nutrition

What vitamins do we need and where do we get them from?

B6.1.5 Explain the causes and effects of Vitamin D deficiencies

Iron: 

• This is used in the formation of haemoglobin in the red blood cells to carry oxygen. 
• Sources include liver, beans, red meat, cornflakes and other breakfast cereals. 
• Not enough iron in the diet will lead to the deficiency disease anaemia with symptoms of tiredness, pale and a low red blood cell count. 

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B6 Animal Nutrition

Why is iron important?

B6.1.5 Explain the causes and effects of iron deficiencies

Challenge: Why is it important for females to maintain their iron levels?

Calcium: 

• This is used in the formation of strong bones and teeth. 
• Sources include milk, cheese and yoghurt. 
• Not enough calcium in the diet will lead to the deficiency disease osteoporosis with symptoms brittle bones that can easily break. 

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B6 Animal Nutrition

What minerals do we need, where can we find them and what are the effects of not having them?

B6.1.5 Explain the causes and effects of mineral deficiencies

A balanced diet is a diet in which all the components needed to maintain health are present in appropriate proportions.

Draw what your partner describes to you.

B6 Animal Nutrition

6.1.1 State what is meant by the term balanced diet for humans

Malnutrition is the result of not eating a balanced diet.

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There may be: wrong amount of food: too little or too much. incorrect proportion of main nutrients. lacking in one or more key nutrients.

B6 Animal Nutrition

Define the following

B6.2.1- B6.2.6

Look under your chair to see if you are a winner!!

Energy in Food

Setup the following equipment as shown below

Starter

Energy in Food

Do Now

1. Accurately measure out 10 cm³ of tap water using a measuring cylinder.
2. Pour the water into a test tube. Add a thermometer and record the initial temperature of the water.
3. Set up the equipment as shown. Clamp the test tube in place on a clamp stand. It should be about 15 cm from the bottom of the stand.
4. Place one piece of food carefully on the end of a needle.
5. Hold the food in a Bunsen flame until it catches light.
1. Immediately hold the burning food about 5 cm under the tube of water.
2. 7 Hold until the food has burned fully and record the final temperature of the water.
3. 8 Repeat this method for all the foods supplied.

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Energy in Food

Follow the method

Do Now

Energy in Food

Analysis

Task 3

Energy in Food

Task 3

Energy in Food

Task 3 Extension

Energy in Food

Do Now

Energy in Food

Vitamins

Do Now

Energy in Food

Minerals

Do Now

• Use the cards to identify and diagnose specific deficiencies.
• Eg. ‘I am struggling to …. Digest proteins or I have bleeding gums…
• How do I fix it?

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Energy in Food

Doctor Doctor!!