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Electrostatics

By

Dr. Annaso B. Gurav

Assistant Professor (CHB)

Department of Physics,

Raje Ramrao Mahavidyalaya, Jath.

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Introduction : Electrostatics

  • Electrostatics is a branch of physics that deals with the phenomena and properties of stationary electric charges.
  • The various applications of electrostatics include photocopiers, paint spraying, etc.
  • The computer peripheral devices such as LCD, keyboard, touch pad work on the principle of electrostatics.
  • Electronic components such as capacitors, resistors, etc. functions based on electrostatics.

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Electrostatic Field

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Electric Field Lines

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Fig. Electric Field Lines of positive charge

Fig. Electric Field Lines of negative charge

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Electric Field Lines

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Fig. Electric Field Lines due to two opposite charges

Fig. Electric Field Lines due to two positive charges

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Electric Flux

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Fig. Electric flux of electric field through a surface

The total number of electric field line passing a given area in a unit time is defined as the electric flux. SI unit of electric flux volt meters (Vm)

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Gauss’s Theorem of Electrostatics

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Electric dipole and Electric dipole moment

  • An electric dipole is a pair of electric charges of equal magnitude but opposite sign, separated by some (usually small) distance.
  • The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system, that is, a measure of the system's overall polarity.

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Fig. Electric dipole and Electric dipole moment.

 

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Dielectric Medium

Dielectrics, in general, can be described as materials that are very poor conductors of electric current. They are basically insulators and contain no free electrons. Dielectrics can be easily polarized when an electric field is applied to it, and thus, their behavior in an electric field is entirely different from that of conductors.

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Dielectric Polarisation

A dielectric may be made up of polar or non-polar molecules. But the net effect of an external field is almost the same, i.e., the external field will compel the molecules to align their dipole moments along its own direction.

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Fig. Dielectric Polarisation

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Thank You