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Cognitive Wins for MLLs

Lowering the Affective Filter

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Game plan

Today we will…

  • Understand Krashen’s theory of the Affective Filter and how it relates to ELLs
  • Learn about how certain brain functions can increase and decrease that Filter
  • Implement techniques to lower the Filter in your classroom

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The Affective Filter

Coined by linguist, Stephen Krashen, it is the idea that learning is impacted by a students’ level of:

  • Motivation
  • Self Esteem
  • Anxiety

when receiving new information.

These three factors affect students’ receptiveness to comprehensible input.

… did I understand that?…. Am I doing this right?... do people like me? What if I never fit in? … what if I fail?

Vocabulary

SHARK

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The Affective Filter

Our goal should be to foster a sense of safe brain space in the classroom to lower that “wall” keeping information from being salient.

… did I understand that?…. Am I doing this right?... do people like me? What if I never fit in? … what if I fail?

Vocabulary

SHARK

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Creating a Safe Brain-Space

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The Psychology of Risk-Prone Learning

{

our focus for today & locus of control

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The Brain’s Safety Systems

Amygdala

Fear alert for perceived social & physical threats

  • Regardless of cultural background, neurotypical brains work the same way

  • When individuals feel safe and secure, their brain takes in information and builds knowledge based on existing information

  • When the Reptilian Brain senses social or physical danger (real or perceived), it floods the brain with cortisol - which shuts down all other brain functions that are not related to survival

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Capitalizing on Brain Function

Oxytocin

Dopamine

Serotonin

Calms amygdala, builds trust-based relationships

How to increase:

Laughing

Talking/social bonding

Specific positive feedback

Greater learning, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and effort

How to increase:

Voluntary gross motor activity

Novelty

Surprising/fun activities

Anticipation of a rewarding events

Getting feedback that leads to improving their own performance

Increased production of new brain cells, better attention, learning mood regulation, and long-term memory

How to Increase:

Increased calmness

Feeling of control

Use of predictable rituals

Camaraderie

Cooperation

To counterbalance cortisol production that might be out of our control, we can build in specific actions and moments that will push student’s brains to release chemicals that help the learning process and increase their motivation and self-esteem..

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Pause & Reflect

What’s sticking? Where is your head going with this information?

Where in your classroom could you leverage this?

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Putting It In Practice

Start by thinking about…

An ELL in your class OR the lowest performer/kid who clearly hates your class (no shade, we’ve all had them).

Who are they? What do you know about their interests/goals/abilities?

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“Lowering” the Bar

Techniques for Socially Lowering the Affective Filter

  • Teach explicit phrases for supporting academic conversation AND class discussion
  • Give ELLs (or the student you’re thinking of) a heads up when you’re going to call on them
  • Additional processing/planning time
  • Cooperative work

Make a note in your lesson plan where you will incorporate one of these social strategies.

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Give a Heads Up

A multiple choice question - easy one to give to ELLs. As students work in groups and teachers are actively monitoring - stop by your ELL’s desk to tell them that you’ll be calling on them. And tell their peer buddies to help make sure they get the right answer. In your active monitoring, check on whether or not the group got the right answer.

Cooperative Work

Reading chapter 8 - cool. Let’s make it a partner and/or small group read.

Additional Planning time

Give students time to work on this question alone, then with a partner, and then share with the class.

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“Lowering” the Bar

Techniques for Academically Lowering the Affective Filter

Scaffolding Academics for Success

Find opportunities within a lesson plan that allows the student you have in mind to exercise what they can do first and get that dopamine rush, before hitting them with the more rigorous stuff.

This looks like:

  • Chunking steps of a procedure or problem into smaller steps
  • Working with a partner in their L1
  • Drawing or kinesthetic based responses or activities
  • Regular, specific praise for accomplishments

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“Lowering” the Bar

Techniques for Academically Lowering the Affective Filter

Scaffolding Academics for Success

What CAN that student do academically?

Build in one place where the content can be scaffolded or chunked and write out how you will have the student positively participate.

Fun Fact!

Our brains can do active processing for about 12-20 minutes depending on age. Afterwards it will naturally cycle down for about 10 minutes.

VS

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Specific Praise

“You did a great job of using evidence to support your claim - your critical thinking skills are getting so good.”

Chunking Workload into Smaller Pieces

Is it super important that students do all 4 questions at once? Probably not. Try just assigning one and then bringing the group back.

Give positive reinforcement for the completed one before moving on to the next.

Multimodal Response

This asks for writing - but could it be a drawing? Could students act out the animals?

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Quick Check

Does this mean you should ONLY give ELLs softball questions that you’re 100% certain that you know the answer to?

Respond with “True” or “False” in the chat

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Quick Check

Does this mean you should ONLY give ELLs softball questions that you’re 100% certain that you know the answer to?

It means building in opportunities for students to do something that is well within their wheelhouse before increasing the rigor.

FALSE

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Neurodivergent Scholars & The Affective Filter

While the theory behind the Affective Filter Hypothesis was hypothesized for language learners, the idea behind building in wins can help any scholar who is in your mainstream classroom, regardless of cognitive ability.

The process of MTSS and the accommodations in a student’s IEP are designed to access their brains where they are. Using those as a guide is a key entry point toward planning successful moments. And the more often those students’ neural receptors are engaged the more likely to increase their motivation, engagement, and achievement.

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Recap

  • An affective filter is the mental barrier that holds students back from performing at their highest potential
  • This filter can be lowered/removed by working with the brain’s natural functions, not against it
  • Planning for moments of community and where students “win” during class can increase the likelihood of academic success.

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Final Reflections

What are you holding on to?

What did you learn?

What do you want to bring into your classroom?