Zoom into College Research: �Introduction to APA
Today’s Agenda
Why Cite?
Why Cite?
Images taken from Student Sample Paper on the APA Style Sample Papers page.
Reference Guidelines
Author.
(Date).
Title.
Source.
The 4 Elements of an APA Reference
General Guidelines
Formatting – References should be double-spaced with a hanging indent.
Authors – Use initials for first and middle names. For multiple authors, include an & before the final author.
Title – Only capitalize the first letter of the title, the first letter of the subtitle, and proper nouns as they are normally capitalized.
URLs - Do not place a period at the end.
Reference Examples
Book or eBook Template
Author(s). (Date). Title of book: Subtitle of book
(edition). Publisher Name. DOI or URL
Book Example
Newton, D. E. (2017). DNA
technology: A reference
handbook (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO.
eBook from Library Database
Parrington, J. (2016). Redesigning
life: How genome editing will
transform the world. Oxford
University Press.
Book with a DOI
National Academy of Sciences, Engineering
and Medicine. (2017). Human genome
editing: Science, ethics and governance.
The National Academies Press.
https://doi.org/10.17226/24623
Fix This Generated Reference!
Metzl, J. (2019). Hacking darwin : Genetic engineering
and the future of humanity. Retrieved from
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Corrected Reference
Metzl, J. (2019). Hacking Darwin: Genetic engineering
and the future of humanity. Sourcebooks.
Journal Article Template
Author(s). (Date). Title of article: Subtitle of article.
Journal Title, volume(issue), page(s). DOI or URL
Journal Article
Lau, R. W. K., Wang, B., & Ricardo, S. D. (2018).
Gene editing of stem cells for kidney disease
modelling and therapeutic intervention.
Nephrology, 23(11), 981–990.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13410
Journal Article (article number)
Watanabe, D., Saito, Y., Tsuda, M., & Ohsawa, R. (2020).
Increased awareness and decreased acceptance of
genome-editing technology: The impact of the
Chinese twin babies. PLoS ONE, 15(9), Article
e0238128. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238128
Fix This Generated Reference!
De Masi, C., Spitalieri, P., Murdocca, M., Novelli, G., & Sangiuolo, F. (2020). Application of CRISPR/Cas9 to human-induced pluripotent stem cells: from gene editing to drug discovery. Human Genomics, 14(1), NA. Retrieved from https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A628017662/AONE?u=lincclin_sfcc&sid=AONE&xid=af3c2664
Corrected Reference
De Masi, C., Spitalieri, P., Murdocca, M., Novelli, G., &
Sangiuolo, F. (2020). Application of CRISPR/Cas9 to
human-induced pluripotent stem cells: From gene
editing to drug discovery. Human Genomics, 14(1).
Webpage Template
Author(s). (Date). Title of webpage. Title of Website.
URL
Webpage
Funk, C., & Hefferon, M. (2018, August 16). Most Americans
accept genetic engineering of animals that benefits
human health, but many oppose other uses. Pew Research
Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2018/08/16/� most-americans-accept-genetic-engineering-of-animals-� that-benefits-human-health-but-many-oppose-other-uses/
Webpage
Funk, C., & Hefferon, M. (2018, August 16).
Most Americans accept genetic engineering of
animals that benefits human health, but many
oppose other uses. Pew Research Center.
https://bit.ly/ge-ethics
Webpage (no date, organizational author)
University of Nebraska-Lincoln. (n.d.).
What is genetic engineering and
how does it work? AgBiosafety.
http://agbiosafety.unl.edu/� basic_genetics.shtml
Webpage (no date, organizational author)
National Human Genome Research
Institute. (n.d.). Human genomic
variation. https://www.genome.gov/� dna-day/15-ways/human-genomic-� variation
Newspaper Article Template
Author(s). (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Newspaper
Title, page(s). URL
Newspaper Article
What is CRISPR, and how can it
help citrus? (2020, December
10). The West Volusia Beacon,
A7.
Fix This Generated Reference!
MARCHIONE ASSOCIATED PRESS, M. (2020, March 5). DOCS USE GENE TOOL INSIDE HUMAN BODY. La Crosse Tribune (WI), p. A4. Available from NewsBank: Access World News: https://infoweb-newsbank-com.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/apps/news/document-view?p=AWNB&docref=news/1798571E34A81270.
Corrected Reference
Marchione, M. (2020, March 5). Docs use gene tool inside
human body. La Crosse Tribune, A4.
Online Newspaper vs. News Website
Article from Online Newspaper:
Khan, J. (2020, January 8). The gene drive dilemma: We can alter
entire species, but should we? The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/08/magazine/gene-drive-� mosquitoes.html
Online Newspaper vs. News Website
Article from News Website:
Senthilingam, M. (2018, December 4). WHO panel to address complex
issues around gene editing. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/04/� health/world-health- organization-gene-editing-panel-intl/index.html
Report Template
Author(s). (Date). Title of report (Report No.). Publisher
Name. DOI or URL
Report (with series)
Fernandez-Cornejo, J., Wechsler, S., Livingston, M., &
Mitchell, L. (2014, February). Genetically engineered
crops in the United States (Economic Research
Report no. 162). United States Department of
Agriculture. https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/� publications/45179/43668_err162.pdf
Report (no series)
Shanks, P. (2015). Extreme genetic engineering
and the human future: Reclaiming biotechnologies for
the common good. Center for Genetics and Society.
https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/sites/� default/files/human_future.pdf
Fix This Generated Reference!
Corrected Reference
Prager, D., Burns, C., Tulman, S., & MacDonald, J. (2020, October).
Farm use of futures, options, and marketing contracts (Economic
Information Bulletin no. 219). United States Department of
Agriculture. https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/� 99518/eib-219.pdf?v=723
Streaming Video Template
Person/group who uploaded the video. (Year, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Website. URL
YouTube Video
Last Week Tonight with John Oliver. (2018,
July 1). Gene editing: Last Week Tonight with
John Oliver (HBO) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=� AJm8PeWkiEU
TED Talk
Ronald, P. (2015, March). The case for
engineering our food [Video]. TED.
https://www.ted.com/talks/pamela_� ronald_the_case_for_engineering_� our_food
In-Text Citations
Narrative Citations
Components
Last name (year) … “quote” or paraphrase (p. #)
Example
Parrington (2016) discusses the inefficiencies of cloning a human person but speculates that cloned human embryos could be used for therapeutic purposes (p. 187).
Narrative Citations
Components
Last name (year) … “quote” or paraphrase (p. #)
Example
Lau et al. (2018) calls this "an unprecedented opportunity to elucidate disease mechanisms, drug and toxicology screening and potential cell replacement therapy in regenerative medicine" (p. 985).
Parenthetical Citations
Components
(Last name, year, p. #)
Example
Based on a survey completed by the Pew Research Center, most Americans think genetic modification to inhibit mosquito reproduction is acceptable (Funk & Hefferon, 2018, para. 3).
Parenthetical Citations
Components
(Last name, year, p. #)
Example
99.9% of base pairs for DNA are identical for all human beings (National Human Genome Research Institute, n.d.).
APA Resources
Official Manual
The Manual’s call number is BF76.7 .P83 2020 and is located at the second floor Reference Desk and in the Circulating Collection.
Websites
Official APA Style Site:
apastyle.apa.org
Tyree Library APA Citation Guide:
sfcollege.libguides.com/apa
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