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31

Chapter

Plumbing Systems

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Objectives

  • Cite codes that govern the installation of plumbing systems.
  • List necessary plumbing tools and explain how to use them.
  • Describe the different types of materials used in plumbing systems.
  • Name and recognize devices and fixtures that are part of the plumbing system.

A. Weyerhaeuser

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Objectives (Cont.)

  • Read plumbing prints.
  • Explain the proper design and installation of plumbing systems.
  • Demonstrate a basic understanding of well and pump systems.
  • Cite safety measures that plumbers must observe.

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Plumbing

  • Includes piping and fixtures that supply water for drinking, bathing, and laundry
  • Includes drainage pipes for wastewater that lead to municipal sewer or local septic system

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Rough Plumbing

  • Plumbers must cut holes and notches in building frame to install rough plumbing
  • Notched framing members should be reinforced with metal strapping

A. Weyerhaeuser

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Plumbing Regulations

  • Covered by several agencies
  • International Code Council sponsors International Plumbing Code
  • Some states have plumbing codes
  • Plumbers must be familiar with local codes

A. Weyerhaeuser

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Two Separate Systems

  • Water supply system distributes water under pressure throughout structure
  • Drainage, waste, and venting (DWV) system carries away solid waste and wastewater

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Tools

  • One of plumber’s most used tools is wrench
  • Some tools designed to perform tasks specific to plumbing
    • Power auger
    • Chain cutter
    • Reamer
    • Pipe wrench

Ridge Tool Company; �Reed Manufacturing Co.

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Measuring Tools

  • Important tools are used for measuring and producing accurate lines, circles, and other markings
    • Tapes, squares, levels
    • Transits, plumb bobs, chalk lines
    • Compasses and dividers

Ridge Tool Company

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Cutting Tools

  • Include saws, files, chisels, snips, and pipe cutters
  • Boring tools are used for making holes in wood framing members
  • Reaming and threading tools are used on metal pipe

Reed Manufacturing Co.; Ridge Tool Company

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Torches

  • Used to solder copper pipe and fittings
  • May be attached to handheld propane tank or much larger tank
  • Three fuel choices
    • Acetylene
    • Propane
    • MAPP

Forney Industries, Inc.

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Plumbing Supplies

  • Pipe and tubing for supply lines
  • Large-diameter pipe to drain away wastewater
  • Valves and faucets for controlling water supply
  • Washers and O-rings
  • Tape, compounds, and putties to help seal connections

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Copper Tubing

  • Available as rigid, straight lengths or in flexible coils
  • Comes in variety of diameters and seven different weights
  • Can be cut with pipe cutter or hacksaw
  • Joined using compression fittings or sweat solder

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Plastic Pipe

  • Used for both supply and drainage systems
  • Available in lengths that can be cut with handsaw or tubing cutters
  • Joined with special fittings or by using special adhesive

​

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Steel Pipe

  • Galvanized pipe used in water supply plumbing
  • Has coating of zinc to retard rusting
  • Black pipe is painted rather than galvanized
  • Will rust more quickly when in constant contact with water

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Valves

  • Devices that control flow of water in water supply system
  • Gate valves control water with flat disk that slides up and down
  • Compression valves can stop or restrict water flow

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Faucets

  • Compression or washer-less valves
  • Permit controlled flow of water
  • Usually deliver water to fixtures such as sinks, or to appliances

Kunkle Valve Co. Inc.

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Safety Note

  • When pipes are drained or installed, airborne microorganisms might enter system
  • After system recharged, it should be disinfected
    • Run diluted solution of chlorine laundry bleach through system
    • Use caution in handling chlorine bleach
    • Wear rubber gloves and safety glasses

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Fixtures

  • Water-using devices, such as sinks, bathtubs, bidets, toilets, or showers
  • Receive water from supply system
  • Have means for delivering wastewater to DWV system

American Standard

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Sealing Plumbing Systems

  • Some supplies and materials seal plumbing system against leaks
    • Slip-joint washers
    • O-rings
    • Teflon® tape
    • Pipe compound
    • Plumber’s putty
    • Wax ring

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Reading Prints

  • Plans may not include pipe drawings
  • Plumber may need to develop sketches
    • Riser diagrams
    • Plan view sketches
    • Isometric sketches

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Symbols for Plumbing

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Pipe and Fitting Symbols

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Installing Plumbing

  • Usually done by plumbing subcontractor
  • Most plumbing is concealed within building frame
  • Some fixtures must be placed before studs
  • Rough-in is first phase of plumbing installation

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Connecting Copper Pipe

  • Sweat soldering copper pipe is relatively easy
  • It must be carefully done to avoid leaks
  • You will need
    • Gas torch
    • Lead-free solder
    • Paste soldering flux
    • Steel wool or brush

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Bending Copper Tubing

  • Flexible copper tubing can be easily bent to change its direction
  • Use tubing spring to avoid crimping
  • Flare fittings used with copper tubing require no soldering

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Installing Plastic Supply Pipe

  • PVC is suited for cold water only
  • CPVC can be used for hot and cold water
  • Fittings slide over outside of pipe
  • They are secured with quick-curing solvent cement

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Safety Note

  • Solvent-cement is highly flammable
  • Keep it away from flame
  • Fumes can cause lung damage
  • Provide adequate ventilation during use

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Installing Galvanized Pipe

  • Check lengths to ensure accuracy
  • Make sure threads are clean
  • Apply pipe compound or Teflon® tape
  • Screw on fittings finger tight
  • Tighten with pipe wrench

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Fixing Sink Drain Problems

  • P-traps are most frequent site of clogging and leaking in DWV system
  • Are always full of water
  • Keep container handy to catch spills when disconnecting from drain

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Wells

  • Wells require pumps and pressure tanks to maintain water supply
  • Drilled wells are used where great depths are needed
  • Bored wells are made with earth augers

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Pumps and Pressure Tanks

  • Submersible pump may be installed in well
  • Aboveground pump may be placed near well or in building
  • Pressure tank stores reserve of water to meet continuing needs

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Construction Careers �Plumbers

  • Install and repair many types of piping systems
  • Work for building contractors or are self-employed
  • Complete on-job training and apprenticeships
  • Must be licensed

Monkeybusinessimages/iStock/Thinkstock

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