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When additional statutory procedures are required by Congress:

Hybrid Rulemaking

&

FOIA

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3 things to consider when it comes to hybrid rulemaking requirements:

  • What is the trigger?
  • What additional procedure is required?
  • Is compliance subject to judicial review?

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Environmental Law Example: NEPA

      • Trigger: When activities may have significant effect on human environment (42 U.S.C. § 4332(2)(c))
      • Analysis Requirement: Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
      • Judicial review?: YES, it is subject to judicial review

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Corrosion Proof Fittings v. EPA

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TSCA, 15 U.S.C. § 19(c)(1)(B)(ii)

Court says this wasn’t violated

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TSCA, 15 U.S.C. § 2605 (c)(1)(C)

But this was violated

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“EPA has failed to implement the dictates of TSCA [that requires that] before it impose a ban on a product, it first evaluate and then reject the less burdensome alternatives laid out for it by Congress.”

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AND NOW, the

BEST TOPIC:

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5 U.S.C. § 552

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What Can You Get Through FOIA?

AGENCY . RECORDS .

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FOIA Exemptions

(b)(1): National Security Information

(b)(2): Internal Personnel Rules & Practices

(b)(3): Information Exempt Under Other Laws

(b)(4): Confidential Business Information

(b)(5): Privileged Inter/Intra Agency Communication

(b)(6): Personal Privacy Exemption

(b)(7): Law Enforcement Records

(b)(8): Financial Institutions

(b)(9): Geological Information

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Dep’t of Justice

v.

Reporters Comm. for Freedom of the Press

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Why de novo review?

(Doesn’t seem very deferential)

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Balancing

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FOIA’s purpose?

“The basic purpose of the Freedom of Information Act ‘to open agency action to the light of public scrutiny,’ rather than…” to dig up dirt on private citizens (?)

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Citizens should be able to find out “what their Government is up to”

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But…

What if Medico had improper dealings with a corrupt Congressman? What if he is an officer of a corporation with defense contract?

Medico’s rap sheet wouldn’t illuminate the Congressman’s behavior or the Department of Defense’s conduct.

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Holding:

“As a categorical matter… a third party’s request for law enforcement records of information about a private citizen can reasonably expected to invade that citizen’s privacy, and when a request seeks no ‘official information’ about a Government agency, but merely records that the Government happens to be storing, the invasion of privacy is unwarranted.”

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FOIA Tips

  • Research before you request.
  • Be specific.
  • Be persistent.
  • Contact the FOIA office or OGIS.
  • Use FOIA forms and sample letters (online).
  • Deal proactively with FOIA fees and fee waivers.
  • Track your request & keep copies of all your correspondence.
      • File an appeal letter if the initial response is inadequate.
      • If the agency fails to adequately respond, ask your Congressperson to contact the agency on your behalf.

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