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Create a t-chart on your paper. Write your response to these two questions on your chart.

What do you think you know about the Holocaust?

What do you want to know about the Holocaust?

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Hitler gains support in the Nazi Party by attacking the hated Treaty of Versailles
Blames Germany’s problems on Jews and foreign powers
Appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933
Transforms the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a total dictatorship

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Hitler wanted to create a “master race” where Aryan people would be considered a pure race and superior to other people
Anti-Semitism or prejudice against Jews had been around for centuries

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Dr. Joseph Goebbels was the head of the Nazi Propaganda Ministry and controlled all communications
Encouraged book burning to eliminate other ideas

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Heinrich Himmler led the SS – the Nazi’s secret police
Formed death squads known as the Einsatzgruppen
One of the architects of the Holocaust and death camps

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Adolf Eichmann helped to organize the Holocaust
Was in charge of transporting Jews from ghettos to concentration camps

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Passed in 1935
Said anyone with any Jewish blood would be considered a Jew
Further restrictions were placed and persecution of the Jews increased.

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Kristallnacht -“Night of Broken Glass” took place November 1938.
Jewish stores, houses, and synagogues were systematically destroyed
Marks the beginning of widespread government-led violence against Jews

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Jewish Registry created where all people with Jewish ancestry had to register with the government
Jews had to wear the Star of David badge everywhere they went
Forced to live in isolated ghettos

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Plan developed in 1942 to eliminate all Jews from Europe
Jewish people from across Europe were taken to concentration camps
In the camps they were used for hard labor or killed

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Many could better be classified as extermination camps - set up to kill a mass number of Jewish people
Dr. Josef Mengele carried out experiments on Jewish people at Auschwitz

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Then

&

Now

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Underground resistance movements were formed to assist Jews in escaping
The residents of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon - a village in the south of France helped thousands of Jews escape to freedom

Jewish children sheltered by the Protestant population of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon.

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Warsaw Ghetto Uprising - April 19, 1943
750 Jews were able to hold off German soldiers to avoid being taken to the concentration camps
Eventually lost the battle – 7,000 were killed and 56,000 were deported.

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Nazi SS soldiers burning the Warsaw Ghetto after the uprising in 1943.

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Nazi SS soldiers leading the deportation of all Jews from Warsaw after the uprising.

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The “White Rose” resistance group distributed anti-Nazi pamphlets
Led by students Sophie and Hans Scholl
Caught by German authorities and killed in 1942

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Allied forces reach camps starting in summer 1944
Soviet forces liberate Auschwitz and camps in Poland and Eastern Germany
American forces liberate Buchenwald and camps in the west

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As the war ended, many top Nazis committed suicide
22 major Nazi criminals were tried for their crimes in Nuremberg
Most claimed to be “just following orders”
12 were sentenced to death
Some escaped to South America where they hid for years