ESM 641�RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATION

Chapter 9 & 10

Video E

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Dr Kim Teng Siang

kskim2007@gmail.com

h/p: 0124661131

9. DATA ANALYSIS

Descriptive Statistics

• To describe the distribution of the Collected Data / values
• Frequency Table
• Grouped Frequency Table
• Histogram
• Distribution shapes

To summarise the Data

• Measures of central tendency- the most popular value- the center of the distribution

-MEAN

-Mode

- Median

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Center (Mean, Mode,

Median the same in

normal distribution)

Frequency, N

Measures of Central Tendency under Skewed Distribution

Mode

To summarise the Data- �the Variability of the Distribution

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• Variability= how the values vary from one place to another

- Standard Deviation

- Range (Lowest to

highest)

- Percentile

- box-plot

Standard Deviation

Percentile and Box-plot

3^rd Quartile = 75 percentile

1^st Quartile = 25 percentile

2^nd Quartile = 50 percentile

= Median

Inferential Statistics

• To infer the values of the population from the Sample’s values collected
• First it need to rule out the element of chance in the sample
• (Testing the Null Hypothesis)

Population

N

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Sample

n

Inference

T-tests

• One Sample t – test the different from a predetermined value/ standard

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• Independent Sample t – test the difference between 2 groups (male & female)

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• Dependent Sample t – test the difference before and after effect from the same group (pre & post test)

Anova

• Same as t-test except the number of group is more than 2
• (Malay, Chinese, India)

Correlation

• Test the correlation between 2 or more variables

Linear Regression Analysis

Correlation Coefficient, R

10. WRITING THE RESEARCH REPORT

WHAT IS A RESEARCH PROPOSAL?

• Your overall and complete research plan
• Chapter 1 to 3
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Methodology

Proposal Template

1) Introduction

• General to specific discussion
• Problem Statement
• The Research Question
• Significance of the Study
• Limitation of the Study

2) Preliminary Literature Review

• Previous Studies
• Theoretical Framework

3) Proposed Research Methodology

4) Proposed Data Analysis

5) Project Timetable

6)List of References

7) Appendix

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL �AND THE FINAL RESEARCH REPORT�

• Proposal = Chapter 1-3
• Report = Chapter 1-5 including
• Data Analysis and Result
• Conclusion and Discussion

Format of the Research Report

• Pg 6

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• Preliminary Materials

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• Body of the Report
• Introduction
• Review of Literature
• Methodology
• Findings
• Summary and Discussion

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• References
• Appendix

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Methodology

• Research Design (e.g Experimental – control

group before-after design)

• Sampling and sample
• Instrumentation
• Research Procedure
• Data Analysis

Sample Report

• A brief one but not suitable for thesis
• (Thesis – need greater detail)

Thank You