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骨科/肌肉解剖筆記免費版

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2 of 180

Osteology

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3 of 180

Vertebral arch

Pedicle

Lamina

Transverse process

Vertebral foramen

Spinous process

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4 of 180

Dens

(Odontoid process)

Atlas

Axis

posterior

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5 of 180

Superior articular surface

Anterior tubercle

(NO true body)

Posterior tubercle

(NO spinous process)

Transverse process

Transverse foramen

Inferior articular surface (underneath)

Atlas

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6 of 180

Dens (Odontoid process)

Body

Bifid spinous process

Superior articular surface

Axis

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7 of 180

Cervical Vertebrae

Superior articular surface

Bifid spinous process

Transverse process

Transverse foramen

Body

Vertebral foramen

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8 of 180

Thoracic Vertebrae

Superior articular surface (face posteriorly)

Spinous process

Transverse process

Body

Vertebral foramen

Facet for tubercle of rib

Facet for head of rib

(inferior/same #)

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9 of 180

Lumbar Vertebrae

Superior articular surface (face medially)

Spinous process

Body

Vertebral foramen

Transverse process

Intervertebral foramen

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10 of 180

Clavicle

(left, superior surface)

Acromial end

Sternal end

Conoid tubercle

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11 of 180

Ribs

True Ribs

False Ribs

Floating Ribs

Sternum

Cartilage

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12 of 180

Rib

(left, inferior surface)

Tubercle

Head

Neck

Costal extremity/facets

body/shaft

Costal angle

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13 of 180

Rib

(left, inferior surface)

Costal groove

Transverse articular facet of the Tubercle

Superior articular facet of the Head (superior vertebrae)

Inferior articular facet of the Head (same # vertebrae)

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14 of 180

Sternum

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid process

Clavicular notch

Jugular notch

Costal Facets

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15 of 180

Scapula

(posterior)

Superior border

Lateral (axillary) border

Medial (vertebral) border

Lateral angle

Superior angle

Inferior angle

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16 of 180

Spine

Infraspinatus fossa

Supraspinatus fossa

Glenoid fossa

Acromion process

Coracoid process

Scapula

(posterior)

Infraglenoid tubercle

Supraglenoid tubercle

Neck

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17 of 180

Subscapular fossa

Suprascapular notch

Acromion process

Coracoid process

Scapula

(anterior)

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18 of 180

Deltoid tuberosity

Head

Humerus

(right)

Shaft (diaphysis)

(anterior)

(posterior)

Radial (spiral) groove

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19 of 180

Greater tubercle

Anatomical neck

Proximal Humerus

(anterior)

(posterior)

Lesser tubercle

Intertubercular (bicipital) sulcus

Surgical neck

(right)

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20 of 180

Lateral epicondyle

Radial fossa

Distal Humerus

(anterior)

(posterior)

Coronoid fossa

Capitulum

(right)

Trochlea

Olecranon fossa

Medial epicondyle

Supracondylar ridge

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21 of 180

Radius

Ulna

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

(anterior, right)

Distal radio-ulnar joint

(Head of Ulna + Ulnar Notch of Radius)

(Head of Radius + Radial Notch of Ulna)

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22 of 180

Radius

Head

(anterior, left)

Styloid process

Neck

Radial tuberosity

Ulnar notch

(posterior, left)

Dorsal tubercle

Interosseous border

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23 of 180

Ulna

Head

(anterior, left)

Styloid process

Radial notch

Trochlear notch

Interosseous border

Olecranon process

Coronoid process

Ulnar tuberosity

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24 of 180

Hand & Wrist

(anterior, left)

proximal

distal

Base

Head

Shaft

Scaphoid

Lunate

Triquetrum

Pisiform

Trapezium

Trapezoid

Capitate

Hamate

Phalanges

Metacarpal

Carpal

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25 of 180

Pelvic

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

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26 of 180

Pelvic

(Ilium)

Ala (wing) of ilium

Body of ilium

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27 of 180

Pelvic

(Ilium)

ASIS

PSIS

PIIS

AIIS

(anterior inferior iliac spine)

Acetabulum

Iliac crest

(lateral)

Greater sciatic notch

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28 of 180

(medial)

Pelvic

(Ilium)

Iliac tuberosity

(superior)

Auricular surface

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29 of 180

(posterior)

Pelvic

(Ischium)

Ischial tuberosity

(lateral)

Lesser sciatic notch

Ischial spine

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30 of 180

Pelvic

(Ischium)

Body of ischium

Ramus of ischium

Obturator foramen

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31 of 180

Superior ramus of pubis

Body of pubis

Inferior ramus of pubis

Pelvic

(Pubis)

Pubic Tubercle

Pubic Crest

Pubic Symphysis

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32 of 180

Base

Body

Ala

Anterior foramina

Coccyx

Sacrum (anterior)

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33 of 180

Sacral hiatus

Sacral canal

Auricular surface

Apex

Sacrum (posterior)

Posterior foramina

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34 of 180

Femur

(left, posterior)

Linea aspera

Diaphysis

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35 of 180

Head

Intertrochanteric line

Neck

Femur

(proximal, anterior)

Lesser trochanter

Trochanteric fossa

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36 of 180

Intertrochanteric crest

Femur

(proximal, posterior)

Lesser trochanter

Greater trochanter

Gluteal tuberosity

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37 of 180

Femur

(distal, posterior)

(anterior)

Medial Lateral

epicondyle

Adductor tubercle

Medial condyle

Lateral condyle

Intercondylar fossa

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38 of 180

Base

Patella

(right)

(anterior)

Apex

(posterior)

Articulating facet for medial epicondyle

Articulating facet for lateral epicondyle

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39 of 180

Tibial tuberosity

Tibia

(right, anterior)

Tibial crest

Medial malleolus

Medial condyle

Lateral condyle

Pes anserine

Interosseous Border

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40 of 180

Tibia

(proximal/distal)

Intercondylar eminence

Tibial plateau

Lateral condyle

Medial condyle

Fibular notch

Tibial (inferior) articulating surface

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41 of 180

Fibula

(right)

(anterior)

(posterior)

Head

Lateral malleolus

Interosseous border

Fibular articulating surface

Malleolar fossa

Facet for talus

Tibial facet

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42 of 180

Foot

(superior)

Calcaneus

Cuboid

Talus

Navicular

Lateral(III)/ Intermediate(II)/ Middle(I)

Cuneiforms

Metatarsals

Tarsals

Distal

Middle

Proximal

phalanx

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43 of 180

Foot

(inferior)

Groove of flexor hallucis longus

Sustentaculum tali

Navicular process

Sesamoid bone

Styloid process of 5th metatarsal

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44 of 180

Foot

(posterior)

(medial)

(lateral)

Navicular process

Medial tubercle of calcaneus

Lateral tubercle of calcaneus

Tendon insertion of calcaneus

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45 of 180

Occipital bone

External occipital protuberance

Skull

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46 of 180

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyle

Skull

Pterygoid process

Palatine bone

Maxilla

Perpendicular plate

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47 of 180

Skull

Occipital bone

Frontal bone

L. parietal bone

R. parietal bone

Coronal suture

Sagittal suture

Lambdoidal suture

Temporal bone

Squamous suture

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48 of 180

Skull

(superior view)

Crista galli

Cribriform plate

Lesser wing

Greater wing

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49 of 180

Skull

(superior view)

Optic foramina

Sella turcica

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50 of 180

Skull

Glabella

Supraorbital margin

Supraorbital foramen

Perpendicular plate

Vomer

Middle nasal conchae

Inferior nasal conchae

Infraorbital foramen

Zygomatic bone

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51 of 180

Superior orbital fissure

Optic foramen

Inferior orbital fissure

Lacrimal fossa

Lacrimal bone

Orbital plate

Skull

Nasal bone

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52 of 180

Skull

Mandibular fossa

Mastoid process

External auditory meatus

Styloid process

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53 of 180

Mandibular condyle

Mandibular notch

Coronoid process

Angle

Ramus

Body

Mental foramen

Mandible

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54 of 180

Mandibular foramina

Mandible

Alveoli (individual tooth socket)

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55 of 180

Musculature

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56 of 180

Trapezius

Origin	Occipital protuberance Ligamentum nuchae Spinous processes of C7-T12
Insertion	Upper fibers Lateral clavicle Middle fibers Spine of scapula Lower fibers Root of spine of scapula
Action	Upper fibers Elevation of scapula Upward Rotation of scapula Middle fibers Retraction of scapula Lower fibers Depression of scapula Upward rotation of scapula
Nerve	Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)

@sonic_physio

57 of 180

Rhomboid Minor

Origin	Spinous processes of C7-T1
Insertion	Root of spine of scapula
Action	Retraction of scapula Downward rotation of scapula
Nerve	Dorsal scapular nerve

@sonic_physio

58 of 180

Rhomboid Major

Origin	Spinous processes of T2- T5
Insertion	Vertebral border of scapula inferior to root of spine
Action	Retraction of scapula Downward rotation of scapula
Nerve	Dorsal scapular nerve

@sonic_physio

59 of 180

Levator Scapulae

Origin	Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion	Vertebral border of scapula superior to root of spine
Action	Elevation of scapula Downward rotation of scapula
Nerve	Dorsal scapular nerve

@sonic_physio

60 of 180

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin	Spinous processes of T7-T12 Lower ribs Thoracolumbar aponeurosis Iliac crest
Insertion	Bicipital groove of humerus
Action	Extension of shoulder Internal rotation of shoulder Adduction of shoulder
Nerve	Thoracodorsal nerve

@sonic_physio

61 of 180

Serratus

Posterior Superior

Origin	Ligamentum nuchae Spinous processes of C7-T3
Insertion	Superior border of ribs 2-4
Action	Elevates ribs
Nerve	Intercostal nerves T1-T4

@sonic_physio

62 of 180

Serratus

Posterior Inferior

Origin	Spinous processes of T11- L2
Insertion	Inferior border of ribs 9-12
Action	Depresses ribs
Nerve	Intercostal nerves T9-T12

@sonic_physio

63 of 180

Iliocostalis

Origin	Posterior ribs Thoracolumbar aponeurosis Iliac crest Sacrum
Insertion	Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae Posterior ribs
Action	Extension of vertebral column Lateral flexion of vertebral column
Nerve	Posterior rami of spinal nerves

@sonic_physio

64 of 180

Longissimus

Origin	Transverse processes of cervical & thoracic vertebrae Thoracolumbar aponeurosis Iliac crest Sacrum
Insertion	Mastoid process Transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Action	Extension of vertebral column Lateral flexion of vertebral column
Nerve	Posterior rami of spinal nerves

@sonic_physio

65 of 180

Spinalis

Origin	Ligamentum nuchae Spinous processes of cervical/ thoracic/ lumbar vertebrae
Insertion	Occipital bone Spinous processes of cervical & thoracic vertebrae
Action	Extension of vertebral column Lateral flexion of vertebral column
Nerve	Posterior rami of spinal nerves

@sonic_physio

66 of 180

Splenius Capitis

Origin	Spinous process of the C7-T3 Ligamentum nuchae
Insertion	Occipital bone Mastoid Process
Action	Extension of head and neck Lateral flexion of head Rotation of head
Nerve	Posterior rami of spinal nerves C2-3

@sonic_physio

67 of 180

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Origin	Spinous process of axis
Insertion	Occipital bone
Action	Extension of atlanto-occipital joint Ipsilateral rotation at the atlanto-axial joint
Nerve	Posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1

@sonic_physio

68 of 180

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Origin	Posterior tubercle of atlas
Insertion	Occipital bone
Action	Extension of atlanto-occipital joint
Nerve	Posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1

@sonic_physio

69 of 180

Obliquus Capitis Superior

Origin	Transverse process of atlas
Insertion	Occipital bone
Action	Extension of atlanto-occipital joint Lateral flexion of atlanto-occipital joint
Nerve	Posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1

@sonic_physio

70 of 180

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

Origin	Lateral/superior surface spinous process of the axis
Insertion	Transverse process of the atlas
Action	Ipsilateral rotation of the atlanto-axial joint
Nerve	Posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1

@sonic_physio

71 of 180

Serratus Anterior

Origin	Lateral surface of superior ribs
Insertion	Medial (vertebral) border of scapula
Action	Protraction of scapula Upward rotation of scapula Holds scapula to thoracic wall
Nerve	Long thoracic nerve

@sonic_physio

72 of 180

Pectoralis Major

Origin	Clavicular head – Medial clavicle Sternal head – Sternum and costal cartilages of superior ribs
Insertion	Lateral bicipital (intertubercular) groove of humerus
Action	Both: Adduction/horizontal adduction of shoulder Internal rotation of shoulder Clavicular head: Flexion of shoulder Sternal head: Extension of shoulder to neutral
Nerve	Clavicular head – Lateral and medial pectoral nerves Sternal head – Medial pectoral nerve

@sonic_physio

73 of 180

Pectoralis Minor

Origin	Anterior surface of ribs 3-5
Insertion	Coracoid process of scapula
Action	Protraction of scapula Depression of scapula Downward rotation of scapula
Nerve	Medial pectoral nerve

@sonic_physio

74 of 180

Subclavius

Origin	Costal cartilage of rib 1
Insertion	Inferior border of clavicle
Action	Stabilizes clavicle
Nerve	Nerve to subclavius

@sonic_physio

75 of 180

Scalenes

Origin	Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion	Ribs 1 and 2
Action	Unilateral Contraction Elevation of ribs 1 and 2 Ipsilateral flexion & contralateral rotation of cervical spine Bilateral contraction Flexion of cervical vertebrae
Nerve	Anterior rami of spinal nerves

@sonic_physio

76 of 180

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin	Clavicular head – Medial clavicle Sternal head – Manubrium
Insertion	Mastoid process
Action	Flexion of neck Ipsilateral lateral flexion Contralateral rotation of neck
Nerve	Cranial nerve XI/ accessory

@sonic_physio

77 of 180

Platysma

Origin	Fascia over upper chest
Insertion	Mandible
Action	Tension of skin of neck
Nerve	Cranial nerve VII/ Facial

@sonic_physio

78 of 180

External Intercostals “V”

Origin	Inferior margin of rib above
Insertion	Superior margin of rib below
Action	Elevate ribs during inspiration
Nerve	Intercostal nerve

duud

@sonic_physio

79 of 180

Internal Intercostals “A”

Origin	Superior margin of rib below
Insertion	Inferior margin of rib above
Action	Depresses ribs during forced expiration
Nerve	Intercostal nerve

uddu

@sonic_physio

80 of 180

Biceps Brachii

Origin	Short head – Coracoid process Long head – Supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion	Tendon Radial tuberosity Bicipital aponeurosis Antebrachial fascia (medial side)
Action	Supination of forearm Flexion of elbow Flexion of shoulder
Nerve	Musculocutaneous nerve

@sonic_physio

81 of 180

Coracobrachialis

Origin	Coracoid Process
Insertion	Middle of medial humerus
Action	Flexion of shoulder Adduction of shoulder
Nerve	Musculocutaneous nerve

@sonic_physio

82 of 180

Brachialis

Origin	Distal anterior humerus
Insertion	Ulnar tuberosity Coronoid process
Action	Flexion of elbow
Nerve	Musculocutaneous nerve

@sonic_physio

83 of 180

Brachioradialis

Origin	Supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion	Styloid process of radius
Action	Flexion of elbow with forearm in neutral position
Nerve	Radial nerve

@sonic_physio

84 of 180

Triceps Brachii

Origin	Long head – Infraglenoid tubercle (short) Lateral head – Posterior humerus above spiral groove Medial head – Posterior humerus below spiral groove
Insertion	Olecranon process
Action	All heads: Extension of elbow Long head: Extension of shoulder
Nerve	Radial nerve

@sonic_physio

85 of 180

Deltoid

Origin	Anterior deltoid – Lateral clavicle Middle deltoid – Acromion Posterior deltoid – Spine of scapula
Insertion	Deltoid tuberosity
Action	Anterior deltoid Flexion of shoulder Horizontal adduction of shoulder Internal rotation of shoulder Middle deltoid Abduction of shoulder Posterior deltoid: Extension of shoulder Horizontal abduction of shoulder External rotation of shoulder
Nerve	Axillary nerve

@sonic_physio

86 of 180

Supraspinatus

Origin	Supraspinous fossa
Insertion	Superior greater tubercle
Action	Abduction of shoulder Stabilizes glenohumeral joint
Nerve	Suprascapular nerve

@sonic_physio

87 of 180

Infraspinatus

Origin	Infraspinous fossa
Insertion	Middle greater tubercle
Action	External rotation of shoulder Stabilizes glenohumeral joint
Nerve	Suprascapular nerve

@sonic_physio

88 of 180

Subscapularis

Origin	Subscapular fossa
Insertion	Lesser tubercle
Action	Internal rotation of shoulder Stabilizes glenohumeral joint
Nerve	Upper subscapular nerve Lower subscapular nerve

@sonic_physio

89 of 180

Teres Minor

Origin	Superior axillary border of scapula
Insertion	Inferior greater tubercle
Action	External rotation of shoulder Stabilizes glenohumeral joint
Nerve	Axillary nerve

@sonic_physio

90 of 180

Teres Major

Origin	Inferior angle of scapula Inferior axillary border of scapula
Insertion	Medial bicipital groove
Action	Extension of shoulder Internal rotation of shoulder Adduction of shoulder
Nerve	Lower subscapular nerve

@sonic_physio

91 of 180

Pronator Teres

Origin	Humeral Head – Medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar Head – Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion	Middle of lateral radius
Action	Pronation of forearm Flexion of elbow
Nerve	Median nerve

@sonic_physio

92 of 180

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin	Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion	Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Action	Radial deviation of wrist Flexion of wrist
Nerve	Median nerve

@sonic_physio

93 of 180

Palmaris Longus

Origin	Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion	Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum
Action	Flexion of wrist
Nerve	Median nerve

@sonic_physio

94 of 180

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin	Humeral Head – Medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar Head – Olecranon process and proximal posterior ulna
Insertion	Pisiform Hook of hamate Base of 5th metacarpal
Action	Ulnar deviation of wrist Flexion of wrist
Nerve	Ulnar nerve

@sonic_physio

95 of 180

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)

Origin	Medial epicondyle of humerus Coronoid process of ulna Proximal anterior surface of radius
Insertion	Middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Action	Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP and PIP joints Flexion of wrist
Nerve	Median nerve

@sonic_physio

96 of 180

Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)

Origin	Proximal surface of ulna
Insertion	Base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Action	Flexion of wrist Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP, PIP & DIP joints
Nerve	Digits 2-3: Anterior interosseous nerve (deep branch of median nerve) Digits 4-5: ulnar nerve

@sonic_physio

97 of 180

Flexor Pollicis Longus (FPL)

Origin	Anterior surface of radius Interosseous membrane
Insertion	Base of distal phalanx of 1st digit
Action	Flexion of thumb at IP joint
Nerve	Anterior interosseous nerve (deep branch of median nerve)

@sonic_physio

98 of 180

Pronator Quadratus

Origin	Distal anteromedial ulna
Insertion	Distal anterolateral radius
Action	Pronation of forearm
Nerve	Anterior interosseous nerve (deep branch median nerve)

@sonic_physio

99 of 180

Lumbricals

Origin	Flexor digitorum profundus tendons
Insertion	Radial side of extensor expansion of digits 2-5
Action	Flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP joints Extension of digits 2-5 at PIP & DIP joints
Nerve	Digits 2-3: median nerve Digits 4-5: ulnar nerve

@sonic_physio

100 of 180

Palmar Interossei

Origin	Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals
Insertion	Bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 2, 4, and 5 Ulnar/medial side of digit 2 Radial/lateral side of digit 4-5
Action	Adduction of digits 2, 4 and 5 at MCP joints Flexion of digits 2, 4 and 5 at MCP joints Extension of digits 2, 4 and 5 at PIP and DIP joints
Nerve	Ulnar nerve

“paD”

@sonic_physio

101 of 180

Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB)

Origin	Flexor retinaculum Trapezium Scaphoid
Insertion	Base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Action	Abduction of thumb at CMC joint
Nerve	Median nerve

@sonic_physio

102 of 180

Flexor Pollicis Brevis (FPB)

Origin	Superficial head – flexor retinaculum and trapezium Deep head – trapezium and capitate
Insertion	Base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Action	Flexion of thumb at MCP joint
Nerve	Superficial head: median nerve Deep head: ulnar nerve

@sonic_physio

103 of 180

Opponens Pollicis

Origin	Flexor retinaculum Trapezium
Insertion	Radial shaft of 1st metacarpal
Action	Opposition of thumb at CMC joint
Nerve	Median nerve

@sonic_physio

104 of 180

Adductor Pollicis

Origin	Transverse head: anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal Oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals; capitate, trapezoid and trapezium
Insertion	Base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Action	Adduction of thumb at CMC joint
Nerve	Ulnar nerve

@sonic_physio

105 of 180

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Origin	Flexor retinaculum Hook of hamate
Insertion	Ulnar border of 5th metacarpal
Action	Opposition of digit 5 at CMC joint
Nerve	Ulnar nerve

@sonic_physio

106 of 180

Flexor Digiti Minimi (FDM)

Origin	Flexor retinaculum Hook of hamate
Insertion	Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5
Action	Flexion of digit 5 at MCP joint
Nerve	Ulnar nerve

@sonic_physio

107 of 180

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Origin	Pisiform
Insertion	Base of proximal phalanx of digit 5
Action	Abduction of digit 5 at MCP joint
Nerve	Ulnar nerve

@sonic_physio

108 of 180

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL)

Origin	Lateral supracondylar ridge Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion	Base of 2nd metacarpal
Action	Extension of wrist Radial deviation of wrist
Nerve	Radial nerve

@sonic_physio

109 of 180

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)

Origin	Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion	Base of 3rd metacarpal
Action	Extension of wrist
Nerve	Deep branch of radial nerve

@sonic_physio

110 of 180

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin	Humeral Head – Lateral epicondyle of humerus Ulnar Head – Proximal posterior ulna
Insertion	Base of 5th metacarpal
Action	Extension of wrist Ulnar deviation of wrist
Nerve	Deep branch of radial nerve

@sonic_physio

111 of 180

Extensor Digitorum

Origin	Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion	Extensor expansion of digits 2-5
Action	Extension of wrist Extension of digits 2-5 at MCP joints
Nerve	Deep branch of radial nerve

@sonic_physio

112 of 180

Extensor Digiti minimi

Origin	Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion	Extensor expansion of digits 5
Action	Extension of wrist Extension of digits 5 at MCP joints
Nerve	Deep branch of radial nerve

@sonic_physio

113 of 180

Supinator

Origin	Lateral epicondyle of humerus Annular & radial collateral ligaments Supinator crest of ulna
Insertion	Lateral surface of proximal radius
Action	Supination of forearm
Nerve	Deep branch of radial nerve

@sonic_physio

114 of 180

Extensor Indicis

Origin	Posterior ulna Adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion	Extensor expansion of digit 2
Action	Extension of wrist Extension of digit 2 at MCP joint
Nerve	Deep branch of radial nerve

@sonic_physio

115 of 180

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Origin	Middle posterior ulna Interosseous membrane
Insertion	Base of distal phalanx of digit 1
Action	Radial deviation of wrist Extension of thumb at IP joint
Nerve	Deep branch of radial nerve

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116 of 180

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Origin	Posterior radius Interosseous membrane
Insertion	Base of proximal phalanx of digit 1
Action	Radial deviation of wrist Extension of thumb at MCP joint
Nerve	Deep branch of radial nerve

@sonic_physio

117 of 180

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin	Posterior surfaces of radius and ulna Interosseous membrane
Insertion	Base of 1st metacarpal
Action	Radial deviation of wrist Abduction of thumb at CMC joint
Nerve	Deep branch of radial nerve

@sonic_physio

118 of 180

Dorsal Interossei

Origin	Posterior surface of adjacent metacarpals
Insertion	Bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 2-4 Radial/lateral side of digit 2-3 Ulnar/medial side of digit 3-4
Action	Abduction of digits 2-4 MCP joints Flexion of digits 2-4 at MCP joints Extension of digits 2-4 at PIP and DIP joints
Nerve	Ulnar nerve

“daB”

@sonic_physio

119 of 180

Diaphragm

Origin	Xiphoid process Lower costal cartilages Upper lumbar vertebrae Medial and lateral arcuate ligaments
Insertion	Central tendon of diaphragm
Action	Expands thorax during inspiration
Nerve	Phrenic nerve

@sonic_physio

120 of 180

Rectus Abdominis

Origin	Pubic symphysis and crest
Insertion	Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 Xiphoid process
Action	Flexes vertebral column Compresses abdomen
Nerve	Intercostal nerves T7-T12

@sonic_physio

121 of 180

External “V”

Abdominal Oblique

Origin	Lower eight ribs
Insertion	Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba Pubis Anterior Iliac Crest
Action	Flexes vertebral column & compresses abdomen Ipsilateral flexion Contralateral rotation of vertebral column
Nerve	Intercostal nerves T7-T12 Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

@sonic_physio

122 of 180

Internal “A”

Abdominal Oblique

Origin	Inguinal ligament Iliac crest Thoracolumbar aponeurosis
Insertion	Costal cartilages of lower ribs Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Action	Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen Ipsilateral flexion and rotation of vertebral column
Nerve	Intercostal nerves T7-T12 Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

@sonic_physio

123 of 180

Transverse Abdominis

Origin	Inguinal ligament Iliac crest Thoracolumbar aponeurosis Costal cartilage of ribs 7-12
Insertion	Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba Pubis
Action	Compresses abdomen
Nerve	Intercostal nerves T7-T12 Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

@sonic_physio

124 of 180

Quadratus Lumborum

Origin	Iliac crest
Insertion	12th rib Transverse processes L1-4
Action	Lateral flexion of vertebral column Elevates hip
Nerve	Anterior rami T12-L4

@sonic_physio

125 of 180

Iliacus

Origin	Iliac fossa
Insertion	Lesser trochanter of femur
Action	Flexion of hip Flexion of lumbar vertebral column
Nerve	Femoral nerve

@sonic_physio

126 of 180

Psoas Minor

Origin	Vertebral body of T12-L1
Insertion	Superior ramus of pubis
Action	Flexion of lumbar vertebral column
Nerve	Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1

@sonic_physio

127 of 180

Psoas Major

Origin	T12-L5 vertebral bodies and discs L1-5 transverse processes
Insertion	Lesser trochanter of femur
Action	Flexion of hip Flexion of lumbar vertebral column
Nerve	Anterior rami of spinal nerves L2-3

@sonic_physio

128 of 180

Gluteus Maximus

Origin	Posterior sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament Superior posterior ilium
Insertion	Gluteal tuberosity of femur Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract
Action	Extension of hip External rotation of the hip
Nerve	Inferior gluteal nerve

@sonic_physio

129 of 180

Gluteus Medius

Origin	Middle posterior ilium
Insertion	Greater trochanter of femur
Action	Abduction of hip Internal / External rotation of hip depends on fiber orientation
Nerve	Superior gluteal nerve

@sonic_physio

130 of 180

Gluteus Minimus

Origin	Inferior posterior ilium
Insertion	Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Action	Abduction of hip Internal rotation of hip
Nerve	Superior gluteal nerve

@sonic_physio

131 of 180

Tensor Fascia Lata

Origin	Anterior iliac crest
Insertion	Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract
Action	Stabilizes extended knee Flexion of hip Abduction of hip Internal rotation of hip
Nerve	Superior gluteal nerve

@sonic_physio

132 of 180

Quadratus Femoris

Origin	Ischial tuberosity
Insertion	Quadrate tubercle
Action	External rotation of hip
Nerve	Nerve to quadratus femoris L4, L5, S1

@sonic_physio

133 of 180

Obturator Internus

Origin	Obturator membrane Superior pubic ramus
Insertion	Greater trochanter of femur
Action	External rotation of hip
Nerve	Sacral Plexus L5, S1, S2

@sonic_physio

134 of 180

Piriformis

Origin	Anterior sacrum
Insertion	Greater trochanter of femur
Action	External rotation of hip
Nerve	Anterior rami S1-2

@sonic_physio

135 of 180

Obturator Externus

Origin	Obturator membrane Pubic and ischial rami
Insertion	Greater trochanter of femur
Action	External rotation of hip
Nerve	Obturator Nerve

@sonic_physio

136 of 180

Biceps Femoris

Origin	Long head: Ischial tuberosity Short head: Linea aspera
Insertion	Lateral surface of head of fibula Lateral condyle of tibia
Action	Both heads: Flexion of knee External rotation of flexed knee Long head: Also: extension of hip
Nerve	Long head: Tibial division of sciatic nerve Short head: Common peroneal division of sciatic nerve

@sonic_physio

137 of 180

Semitendinosus

Origin	Ischial tuberosity
Insertion	Pes Anserinus
Action	Flexion of knee Internal rotation of flexed knee Extension of hip
Nerve	Tibial division of sciatic nerve

@sonic_physio

138 of 180

Semimembranosus

Origin	Ischial tuberosity
Insertion	Posterior medial tibial condyle
Action	Flexion of knee Internal rotation of flexed knee Extension of hip
Nerve	Tibial division of sciatic nerve

@sonic_physio

139 of 180

Sartorius

Origin	Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion	Pes Anserinus
Action	Flexion of hip Abduction of hip External rotation of hip Flexion of knee Internal rotation of knee
Nerve	Femoral nerve

@sonic_physio

140 of 180

Rectus Femoris

Origin	Anterior inferior iliac spine Ilium above acetabulum
Insertion	Patella Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action	Extension of knee Flexion of hip
Nerve	Femoral nerve

@sonic_physio

141 of 180

Vastus Lateralis

Origin	Linea aspera Greater trochanter Intertrochanteric line of femur
Insertion	Patella Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action	Extension of knee
Nerve	Femoral nerve

@sonic_physio

142 of 180

Vastus Medialis

Origin	Linea aspera Intertrochanteric line of femur
Insertion	Patella Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action	Extension of knee
Nerve	Femoral nerve

@sonic_physio

143 of 180

Vastus Intermedius

Origin	Anterior and lateral femoral shaft
Insertion	Patella Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Action	Extension of knee
Nerve	Femoral Nerve

@sonic_physio

144 of 180

Adductor Magnus

Origin	Anterior Head: Inferior ramus of pubis Posterior Head: Ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity
Insertion	Anterior: Linea aspera of femur Posterior: Adductor tubercle of femur
Action	Both: Adduction of hip Anterior: Flexion/ Internal rotation of hip Posterior: Extension/ External rotation of hip
Nerve	Anterior: Obturator nerve Posterior: Tibial division of sciatic nerve

@sonic_physio

145 of 180

Adductor Longus

Origin	Anterior surface of body of pubis
Insertion	Linea aspera
Action	Adduction of hip Flexion of hip Some ER
Nerve	Obturator nerve

@sonic_physio

146 of 180

Adductor Brevis

Origin	Body & inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion	Linea aspera
Action	Adduction of hip Flexion of hip Some ER
Nerve	Obturator nerve

@sonic_physio

147 of 180

Pectineus

Origin	Superior ramus of pubis
Insertion	Between lesser trochanter and linea aspera
Action	Adduction of hip Flexion of hip
Nerve	Femoral nerve

@sonic_physio

148 of 180

Gracilis

Origin	Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion	Pes anserinus
Action	Adduction of hip Flexion of hip Internal rotation of flexed knee
Nerve	Obturator nerve

@sonic_physio

149 of 180

Tibialis Anterior

Origin	Lateral surface of tibia Interosseous membrane
Insertion	Base of first metatarsal Medial cuneiform
Action	Dorsiflexion of ankle Inversion of foot
Nerve	Deep peroneal nerve

@sonic_physio

150 of 180

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Origin	Anterior surface of Fibula Interosseous membrane
Insertion	Base of distal phalanx of big toe
Action	Extension of big toe
Nerve	Deep peroneal nerve

@sonic_physio

151 of 180

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Origin	Proximal anterior shaft of fibula Interosseous membrane Lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion	Extensor expansion of toes 2-5
Action	Extension of toes 2-5 Dorsiflexion of ankle
Nerve	Deep peroneal nerve

@sonic_physio

152 of 180

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Origin	Anterior and lateral calcaneus
Insertion	Extensor expansion of toes 2-4
Action	Extension of toes 2-4
Nerve	Deep peroneal nerve

@sonic_physio

153 of 180

Peroneus Tertius

Origin	Distal anterior fibula
Insertion	Base of 5th metatarsal
Action	Eversion of foot Dorsiflexion of ankle
Nerve	Deep peroneal nerve

@sonic_physio

154 of 180

Peroneus Longus

Origin	Head and proximal lateral shaft of fibula
Insertion	Base of 1st metatarsal Medial cuneiform
Action	Eversion of foot Plantarflexion of ankle
Nerve	Superficial peroneal nerve

@sonic_physio

155 of 180

Peroneus Brevis

Origin	Distal lateral shaft of fibula
Insertion	Base of 5th metatarsal
Action	Eversion of foot Plantarflexion of ankle
Nerve	Superficial peroneal nerve

@sonic_physio

156 of 180

Gastrocnemius

Origin	Medial Head – medial epicondyle of femur Lateral head – lateral epicondyle of femur
Insertion	Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Action	Plantarflexion of ankle Flexion of knee
Nerve	Tibial nerve

@sonic_physio

157 of 180

Soleus

Origin	Soleal line of tibia Proximal fibula
Insertion	Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Action	Plantarflexion of ankle
Nerve	Tibial nerve

@sonic_physio

158 of 180

Plantaris

Origin	Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
Insertion	Posterior calcaneus
Action	Plantarflexion of ankle Flexion of knee
Nerve	Tibial nerve

@sonic_physio

159 of 180

Popliteus

Origin	Lateral condyle of femur
Insertion	Proximal posterior tibia
Action	“Unlocks” extended knee by internal rotation of tibia (normal) OR external rotation of femur (reverse)
Nerve	Tibial nerve

@sonic_physio

160 of 180

Tibialis Posterior

Origin	Posterior tibia Proximal posterior fibula Interosseous membrane
Insertion	Navicular tuberosity All cuneiforms Cuboid Bases of metatarsals 2-4
Action	Inversion of foot Plantarflexion of ankle
Nerve	Tibial nerve

@sonic_physio

161 of 180

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Origin	Posterior tibia
Insertion	Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Action	Flexion of toes 2-5 at DIP joints Plantarflexion of ankle
Nerve	Tibial nerve

@sonic_physio

162 of 180

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Origin	Calcaneus
Insertion	Bases of middle phalanges of toes 2-5
Action	Flexion of toes 2-5 at PIP joints
Nerve	Medial plantar nerve

@sonic_physio

163 of 180

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Origin	Distal posterior fibula Interosseous membrane
Insertion	Distal phalanges of big toe
Action	Flexion of big toe
Nerve	Tibial nerve

@sonic_physio

164 of 180

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Origin	Cuboid and lateral cuneiform bones
Insertion	Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of big toe
Action	Flexion of big toe at MTP joint
Nerve	Medial plantar nerve

@sonic_physio

165 of 180

Abductor Hallucis

Origin	Calcaneus
Insertion	Base of proximal phalanx of big toe
Action	Flexion of big toe at MTP joint Abduction of big toe at MTP joint
Nerve	Medial plantar nerve

@sonic_physio

166 of 180

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Origin	Calcaneus
Insertion	Base of proximal phalanx of toe 5
Action	Abduction of toe 5 at MTP joint Flexion of toe 5 at MTP joint
Nerve	Lateral plantar nerve

@sonic_physio

167 of 180

Quadratus Plantae

Origin	Calcaneus
Insertion	Lateral surface of flexor digitorum longus tendon
Action	Flexion of toes 2-5 at DIP joints
Nerve	Lateral plantar nerve

@sonic_physio

168 of 180

Lumbricals

Origin	Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion	Extensor expansion 2-5
Action	Flexion of toes 2-5 at MTP joints Extension of toes 2-5 at IP joints
Nerve	Toes 2: medial plantar nerve Toes 3-5: lateral plantar nerves

@sonic_physio

169 of 180

Adductor Hallucis

Origin	Oblique head: bases of 2nd – 4th metatarsals Transverse head: deep transverse metatarsal ligament plantar plates of 3-5 MTP joints
Insertion	Base of proximal phalanx of big toe
Action	Adduction of big toe at MTP joint Flexion of big toe at MTP joint
Nerve	Lateral plantar nerve

@sonic_physio

170 of 180

Flexor Digiti Minimi

Origin	Base of 5th metatarsal
Insertion	Base of proximal phalanx of toe 5
Action	Flexion of toe 5 at MTP joint
Nerve	Lateral plantar nerve

@sonic_physio

171 of 180

Dorsal Interossei

Origin	Posterior surfaces from adjacent metatarsals
Insertion	Extensor expansions of toe 2 Lateral sides of toes 2-4
Action	Abduction of toes 2-4 at MTP joints Flexion of toes 2-4 at MTP joints Extension of toes 2-4 at IP joints
Nerve	Lateral plantar nerve

@sonic_physio

172 of 180

Plantar Interossei

Origin	Medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
Insertion	Extensor expansions of toes 3-5
Action	Adduction of toes 3-5 at MTP joints Flexion of toes 3-5 at MTP joints Extension of toes 3-5 at IP joints
Nerve	Lateral plantar nerve

@sonic_physio

173 of 180

Occipitofrontalis

Origin	Frontal belly: epicranial aponeurosis Occipital belly: superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Insertion	Frontal: skin of eyebrow Occipital: Epicranial aponeurosis
Action	Frontal: raises eyebrows Occipital: pulls scalp backwards
Nerve	Frontal: Temporal branch of cranial nerve VII/ facial Occipital: Posterior auricular nerve

@sonic_physio

174 of 180

Temporalis

Origin	Temporal fossa
Insertion	Coronoid process of mandible
Action	Elevates and retracts mandible
Nerve	Trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V)

@sonic_physio

175 of 180

Orbicularis Oculi

Origin	Nasal part of frontal bone Maxilla Lacrimal
Insertion	Skin of orbital region
Action	Opens and closes eye
Nerve	Temporal branch and zygomatic branch of Cranial nerve VII (Facial nerve)

@sonic_physio

176 of 180

Orbicularis Oris

Origin	Modiolus of angulus oris and vermillion line
Insertion	Skin and fascia of lips
Action	Compresses and protrudes lips
Nerve	Buccal and marginal mandibular branches of Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

@sonic_physio

177 of 180

Zygomaticus Major

Origin	Anterior lateral surface of zygomatic bone
Insertion	Angle of mouth
Action	Elevates angle of mouth
Nerve	Zygomatic and buccal branches of Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

@sonic_physio

178 of 180

Zygomaticus Minor

Origin	Lateral surface of zygomatic bone
Insertion	Angle of mouth
Action	Elevates upper lip
Nerve	Zygomatic and buccal branches of Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

@sonic_physio

179 of 180

Masseter

Origin	Inferior aspect of zygomatic arch
Insertion	Lateral coronoid process of mandible Ramus of mandible
Action	Elevates mandible/ Chew Assists in protraction of mandible
Nerve	Mandibular branch of Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

@sonic_physio

180 of 180

Buccinator

Origin	Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible Pterygomandibular raphe
Insertion	Angle of mouth
Action	Compresses cheeks
Nerve	Buccal branch of Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

@sonic_physio