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1-1 Three Kinds of Verbs

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ENGL120 - Unit 1

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A: Have you done your homework yet?

B: Well, I haven't finished it, but I'm doing it now.

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Three Kinds of Verbs

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Auxiliary Verbs: Be, Do, Have

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  • These are used to change tenses, make questions, and negative sentences.

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  • Many teachers and students call auxiliary verbs “helping verbs” because they help the main verb of a sentence.

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Examples

  • I don’t like traveling to cold countries.
  • He has already seen that movie.
  • Are they leaving now?

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Modal Auxiliary Verbs:

Can, Will, May, Should, etc.

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  • These are similar to the auxiliary verbs, be, do, and have because they help a main verb in a sentence. They are different because they each have a special meaning.

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  • In the following examples, may means maybe, can't means impossible or unable, and should is asking for advice:

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Examples

  • It may rain tonight.
  • We can't get to the airport in five minutes.
  • Should I pay a tip for that in Italy?

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Full Verbs:

Go, Play, Sing, etc.

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  • These are all the other verbs in the English language. We can also call these verbs the main verbs of a sentence.

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  • It is very important to realize that be, do, and have also have full verb meanings.

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  • In the following sentences, be, do, and have are full verbs and not auxiliary verbs:

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Examples

  • I did my homework last night.
  • Is he sick today?
  • Let's have lunch together!

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  • Now, let's look more at the auxiliary verbs be, do, and have

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Auxiliary Verbs: Do (do, does, did)

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  • Do, does, or did are used in both Present Simple and Past Simple sentences to make questions and negative sentences.

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  • In positive sentences, the Present Simple or Past Simple do not use auxiliary verbs.

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  • In negative sentences and questions, the main verb takes the base form.

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Present Simple

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- Negative:

  • He doesn't have any brothers or sisters.

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- Question:

  • Do all birds fly south for the winter?

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- Positive (no auxiliary verb):

  • I always put milk in my coffee.

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Past Simple

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- Negative:

  • It didn't snow here last year.

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- Question:

  • Did you buy anything yesterday?

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- Positive (No auxiliary verb):

  • I saw that movie three times last year.

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Auxiliary Verbs:

Be (am, is, are, was, were, been)

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Continuous

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  • be + (not) + verb-ing

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  • Continuous sentences describe actions in progress or temporary activities.

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  • Please note the use of be even in positive sentences.

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Present Continuous

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- Positive:

  • I am feeling much better today.

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- Question:

  • Are you coming to the party tonight?

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- Negative:

  • We aren't doing anything at the moment.

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Past Continuous

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- Positive:

- They were studying in class when it started to snow.

- Question:

- Was she sleeping at 10pm?

- Negative:

- The wind wasn't blowing hard then.

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Passive

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  • be + (not) + past participle

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  • Passive sentences take the auxiliary verb be with a past participle.

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Examples

  • Those phones are made in China. �(present simple passive)

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  • The Internet was invented in the 1960s. (past simple passive)

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Examples

  • Has his room been cleaned recently? (present perfect simple passive)

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Auxiliary Verbs:

Have (have, has, had)

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Perfect

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  • Have + (not) + past participle

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  • Perfect sentences take the auxiliary verb have with a past participle.

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Examples

  • I haven't seen that movie. �(present perfect simple)

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  • They have been studying really hard for the exam. �(present perfect continuous)

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Examples

  • Had he eaten breakfast before coming to school?�(past perfect)

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Optional Review Videos

Three Kinds of Verbs

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