Personal opinions and experience

Not very interactive :’(

Where?

Where to publish?

1. Specialized journals

Where to publish?

1. Specialized journals

2. General interest journals

Any scientific field

​

Should be interesting to and understandable by general scientific audience

​

Specific format

Where to publish?

1. Specialized journals

2. General interest journals

3. Computer science conferences�ICWSM, WWW

Acceptance ~7%

Acceptance ~20%

1869

1914

1880

Nature

Nature Human Behaviour (2017)

Nature Communications (2010)

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (2020)

​

Science

Science Advances (2015)

​

PNAS

PNAS Nexus (2022)

PLOS One, Scientific Reports

acceptance rate ~50%

“We evaluate submitted manuscripts on the basis of methodological rigor and high ethical standards, regardless of perceived novelty.” // PLOS One

​

“We focus on ensuring that all papers we publish are of high technical quality, and let the scientific community determine the impact of your work. Our editorial process focuses on the robustness and validity of your research, from methodological, analytical, statistical and ethical perspectives, rather than making subjective decisions on your manuscripts.” // Scientific reports

Scientific Reports, Royal Society Open Science

no option for social sciences but...

Why?

A lot of citations

A lot of citations

Serra-Garcia M, Gneezy U, 2021. Nonreplicable publications are cited more than replicable ones // Science Advances

Media attention

Important for career

​

“Three publications rule”

DORA

San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment

​

General Recommendation�1. Do not use journal-based metrics, such as Journal Impact Factors, as a surrogate measure of the quality of individual research articles, to assess an individual scientist’s contributions, or in hiring, promotion, or funding decisions.

DORA

San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment

​

Universally violated

Universally violated�Very important for you CV :(

DORA

San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment

​

Universally violated

DORA

San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment

​

Universally violated

Quan W, Chen B, Shu F. (2018) Publish or impoverish: An investigation of the monetary reward system of science in China (1999-2016) // Aslib Journal of Information Management

DORA

San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment

​

Universally violated

DORA

San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment

​

Universally violated

Higher School of Economics, Moscow

�Q1 paper�

up to €1,420 per month for 2 years = €34,080

How?

Success =

Research skills

Success =

Research skills

not strictly necessary and definitely not enough

Success =

Research skills +

Hidden knowledge

specific knowledge on publishing in these journals

Success =

Research skills +

Hidden knowledge +

Prestige

Success =

Research skills +

Hidden knowledge +

Prestige

famous, part of editor’s network, from prestigious institution, from “the right” country

Success =

Research skills +

Hidden knowledge +

Prestige or luck

Acceptance ~7%

Acceptance ~20%

Acceptance ~7%

Acceptance ~20%

These acceptance rates are not for us!

The chaperone effect in scientific publishing

Sekara V, Deville P, Ahnert SE, Barabási AL, Sinatra R, & Lehmann, S. (2018) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Li W, Aste T, Caccioli F, Livan G., 2019. Early coauthorship with top scientists predicts success in academic careers // Nature communications

Why? How?

Peer-review is not double-blind

Peer-review is not double-blind

Referees tended to recommend more positively submissions by authors who were closer in their collaboration networks

Dondio P, Casnici N, Grimaldo F, Gilbert N, Squazzoni F.. 2019. The “invisible hand” of peer review: The implications of author-referee networks on peer review in a scholarly journal // Journal of Informetrics

Peer-review is not double-blind

Editors are gatekeepers

Thank you for submitting your manuscript to Science Advances. Because your manuscript was not given a high priority rating during our initial assessment, we have decided not to send your paper for further review. We recommend that you consider a more specialized publication venue for this work.

In this case, while we do not question the validity of your work, I am afraid we are not persuaded that your findings represent a sufficiently striking advance to justify publication in Nature Communications.

This paper has a lucid discussion and a neat stylized model relating to <...>. It is not enough of an advance to be appropriate for a publication at PNAS, but it is a useful contribution.

Hard to prove but...

Hard to prove but...

Hard to prove but...

prior co-author relations are significantly related to faster manuscript handling

Sarigöl E, Garcia D, Scholtes I, Schweitzer F., 2017. Quantifying the effect of editor–author relations on manuscript handling times // Scientometrics

Geographical discrimination

N = 1,000,000

in Russia, evidence from China

N = 1,000,000

in Russia, evidence from China��40 US undergrads

Universal law of human behaviour

Castro Torres AF, Alburez-Gutierrez D., 2022. North and South: Naming practices and the hidden dimension of global disparities in knowledge production // PNAS

Anti-aging factor α-klotho in pregnancy may counteract adverse outcomes linked to maternal older age

​

Have you ever wondered what is the “safest” age to have a baby? A group of American researchers provide evidence that women may have more time than previously thought.The risk of pregnancy complications, poorer neonatal health and impaired postnatal development, generally increases with maternal age. However, according to new research pregnant women with higher levels of the anti-ageing protein α-klotho, regardless of their age,are not only at lower risk of pregnancy complications, but their children also benefit when it comes to their physical development during the first two years of life. “We followed 500 pregnant women, aged 20-45, throughout gestation, regularly measuring α-klotho levels from maternal blood.” said Johnson, a researcher from Washington, who led the study. We analyzed the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes related with maternal older age, such as the risk of miscarriage, pregnancy hypertension, diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, and lower birth weight. We also evaluated the child’s physical development until the age of 2” pointed out Johnson’s team.The results showed that higher α-klotho level in pregnancy was not only related with a lower risk of pregnancy complications, but also with higher birth weight and better post-natal development. “What was perhaps most interesting, we found that α-klotho level was more important for predicting pregnancy outcome than maternal age”, said Johnson.α-klotho is a protein exhibiting anti-aging properties, discovered in 1997 and named after Clotho, a mythological goddess who was responsible for spinning the thread of human life from birth to death. Apart from slowing biological aging and extending longevity, α-klotho has been shown to be beneficial during pregnancy.“The results are promising and of great importance” Johnson said. “Especially as we observe advancing maternal age in our society, associated with a greater risk for both the mother and foetus, possibly reflecting biologic aging of maternal tissues and systems. α-klotho fights these natural processes, at least to some extent.”The protective role of α-klotho against hypertension in pregnancy and intra-uterine growth restriction has already been demonstrated in previous research. This research showed that α-klotho is also beneficial for perinatal outcomes and for the child’ postnatal development. Most importantly, this research has shown that the benefits of higher α-klotho levels appear to compensate for the negative effects of a more advanced maternal age at pregnancy.

Anti-aging factor α-klotho in pregnancy may counteract adverse outcomes linked to maternal older age

​

Have you ever wondered what is the “safest” age to have a baby? A group of American researchers provide evidence that women may have more time than previously thought.The risk of pregnancy complications, poorer neonatal health and impaired postnatal development, generally increases with maternal age. However, according to new research pregnant women with higher levels of the anti-ageing protein α-klotho, regardless of their age,are not only at lower risk of pregnancy complications, but their children also benefit when it comes to their physical development during the first two years of life. “We followed 500 pregnant women, aged 20-45, throughout gestation, regularly measuring α-klotho levels from maternal blood.” said Johnson, a researcher from Washington, who led the study. We analyzed the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes related with maternal older age, such as the risk of miscarriage, pregnancy hypertension, diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, and lower birth weight. We also evaluated the child’s physical development until the age of 2” pointed out Johnson’s team.The results showed that higher α-klotho level in pregnancy was not only related with a lower risk of pregnancy complications, but also with higher birth weight and better post-natal development. “What was perhaps most interesting, we found that α-klotho level was more important for predicting pregnancy outcome than maternal age”, said Johnson.α-klotho is a protein exhibiting anti-aging properties, discovered in 1997 and named after Clotho, a mythological goddess who was responsible for spinning the thread of human life from birth to death. Apart from slowing biological aging and extending longevity, α-klotho has been shown to be beneficial during pregnancy.“The results are promising and of great importance” Johnson said. “Especially as we observe advancing maternal age in our society, associated with a greater risk for both the mother and foetus, possibly reflecting biologic aging of maternal tissues and systems. α-klotho fights these natural processes, at least to some extent.”The protective role of α-klotho against hypertension in pregnancy and intra-uterine growth restriction has already been demonstrated in previous research. This research showed that α-klotho is also beneficial for perinatal outcomes and for the child’ postnatal development. Most importantly, this research has shown that the benefits of higher α-klotho levels appear to compensate for the negative effects of a more advanced maternal age at pregnancy.

Anti-aging factor α-klotho in pregnancy may counteract adverse outcomes linked to maternal older age

​

Have you ever wondered what is the “safest” age to have a baby? A group of Chinese researchers provide evidence that women may have more time than previously thought.The risk of pregnancy complications, poorer neonatal health and impaired postnatal development, generally increases with maternal age. However, according to new research pregnant women with higher levels of the anti-ageing protein α-klotho, regardless of their age,are not only at lower risk of pregnancy complications, but their children also benefit when it comes to their physical development during the first two years of life. “We followed 500 pregnant women, aged 20-45, throughout gestation, regularly measuring α-klotho levels from maternal blood.” said Wong Xiaoping, a researcher from Beijing, who led the study. We analyzed the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes related with maternal older age, such as the risk of miscarriage, pregnancy hypertension, diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, and lower birth weight. We also evaluated the child’s physical development until the age of 2” pointed out Wong Xiaoping’s team.The results showed that higher α-klotho level in pregnancy was not only related with a lower risk of pregnancy complications, but also with higher birth weight and better post-natal development. “What was perhaps most interesting, we found that α-klotho level was more important for predicting pregnancy outcome than maternal age”, said Wong Xiaoping.α-klotho is a protein exhibiting anti-aging properties, discovered in 1997 and named after Clotho, a mythological goddess who was responsible for spinning the thread of human life from birth to death. Apart from slowing biological aging and extending longevity, α-klotho has been shown to be beneficial during pregnancy.“The results are promising and of great importance” Wong Xiaoping said. “Especially as we observe advancing maternal age in our society, associated with a greater risk for both the mother and foetus, possibly reflecting biologic aging of maternal tissues and systems. α-klotho fights these natural processes, at least to some extent.”The protective role of α-klotho against hypertension in pregnancy and intra-uterine growth restriction has already been demonstrated in previous research. This research showed that α-klotho is also beneficial for perinatal outcomes and for the child’ postnatal development. Mostimportantly, this research has shown that the benefits of higher α-klotho levels appear to compensate for the negative effects of a more advanced maternal age at pregnancy.

Willing to grant further funding

Kowal M, Sorokowski P, Kulczycki E, Żelaźniewicz A., 2022 The impact of geographical bias when judging scientific studies // Scientometrics

Professional designers

Professional designers

​

Formatting bibliographies

And more...

And more...

Success =

Research skills +

Hidden knowledge +

Prestige or luck

Hidden knowledge

Books, online resources

Hidden knowledge

Books, online resources

Read a lot of papers

Hidden knowledge

Books, online resources

Read a lot of papers�Find a mentor

co-author a paper with a famous scientist

There are a specific requirements and conventions in general interest journals

Main text

Science (up to ~2500 words, including references, notes and captions)

Main text

Science (up to ~2500 words, including references, notes and captions)

​

+ Supplementary Materials/Information

​

Introductions and literature reviews are short

cf. sociological journals 8+ pages describing previous results

Wolves were the first animal with which humans formed a mutualistic relationship, eventually giving rise to dogs. Although there is little consensus regarding when (1–9), where (2, 8–13), and how many times (1, 8, 9, 14) domestication took place, the archaeological record (9, 15) attests to a long-term and close relationship to humans (9, 16–18).

Bergström A, Frantz L, Schmidt R, Ersmark E, Lebrasseur O, Girdland-Flink L, Lin AT, Storå J, Sjögren KG, Anthony D, Antipina E., 2020. Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs // Science

People with more friends and more social ties in their community tend to live longer (1–4). Many researchers interpret this association as evidence that greater social support and social network integration lead to better health outcomes (4). For example, social integration is thought to improve health by motivating engagement in healthy behaviors (5, 6), improving immunity (7), and reducing inflammation (8).

Hobbs WR, Burke M, Christakis NA, Fowler JH, 2016. Online social integration is associated with reduced mortality risk // PNAS

1. Introduction�2. Abstract�3. Figures�4. Results�5. Methods

Abstract

Logical order: describe your results — summarize them in abstract

Abstract

Logical order: describe your results — summarize them in abstract

​

Result: so-so

Abstract

Logical order: describe your results — summarize them in abstract

​

Result: so-so�But should be perfect!

How people read papers:

Title -> Abstract -> Figures -> Everything else

​

Losing readers at each step!

Should master concise writing

PNAS: 250 words

Should master concise writing

PNAS: 250 words

​

Science: 125 words

Should master concise writing

PNAS: 250 words

​

Science: 125 words

​

PNAS significance statement: 120 words

Should master concise writing

PNAS: 250 words

​

Science: 125 words

​

PNAS significance statement: 120 words�

Science 1-sentence summary: 125 characters

Should master concise writing

​

There is a typical structure

https://mitcommlab.mit.edu/broad/commkit/journal-article-abstract/

Social interactions increasingly take place online. Friendships and other offline social ties have been repeatedly associated with human longevity, but online interactions might have different properties. Here, we reference 12 million social media profiles against California Department of Public Health vital records and use longitudinal statistical models to assess whether social media use is associated with longer life. The results show that receiving requests to connect as friends online is associated with reduced mortality but initiating friendships is not. Additionally, online behaviors that indicate face-to-face social activity (like posting photos) are associated with reduced mortality, but online-only behaviors (like sending messages) have a nonlinear relationship, where moderate use is associated with the lowest mortality. These results suggest that online social integration is linked to lower risk for a wide variety of critical health problems. Although this is an associational study, it may be an important step in understanding how, on a global scale, online social networks might be adapted to improve modern populations’ social and physical health.

Social interactions increasingly take place online. Friendships and other offline social ties have been repeatedly associated with human longevity, but online interactions might have different properties. Here, we reference 12 million social media profiles against California Department of Public Health vital records and use longitudinal statistical models to assess whether social media use is associated with longer life. The results show that receiving requests to connect as friends online is associated with reduced mortality but initiating friendships is not. Additionally, online behaviors that indicate face-to-face social activity (like posting photos) are associated with reduced mortality, but online-only behaviors (like sending messages) have a nonlinear relationship, where moderate use is associated with the lowest mortality. These results suggest that online social integration is linked to lower risk for a wide variety of critical health problems. Although this is an associational study, it may be an important step in understanding how, on a global scale, online social networks might be adapted to improve modern populations’ social and physical health.

Social interactions increasingly take place online. Friendships and other offline social ties have been repeatedly associated with human longevity, but online interactions might have different properties.��General background, specific background, knowledge gap

Social interactions increasingly take place online. Friendships and other offline social ties have been repeatedly associated with human longevity, but online interactions might have different properties. Here, we reference 12 million social media profiles against California Department of Public Health vital records and use longitudinal statistical models to assess whether social media use is associated with longer life. The results show that receiving requests to connect as friends online is associated with reduced mortality but initiating friendships is not. Additionally, online behaviors that indicate face-to-face social activity (like posting photos) are associated with reduced mortality, but online-only behaviors (like sending messages) have a nonlinear relationship, where moderate use is associated with the lowest mortality. These results suggest that online social integration is linked to lower risk for a wide variety of critical health problems. Although this is an associational study, it may be an important step in understanding how, on a global scale, online social networks might be adapted to improve modern populations’ social and physical health.

Here, we reference 12 million social media profiles against California Department of Public Health vital records and use longitudinal statistical models to assess whether social media use is associated with longer life. The results show that receiving requests to connect as friends online is associated with reduced mortality but initiating friendships is not.��Here we show

Social interactions increasingly take place online. Friendships and other offline social ties have been repeatedly associated with human longevity, but online interactions might have different properties. Here, we reference 12 million social media profiles against California Department of Public Health vital records and use longitudinal statistical models to assess whether social media use is associated with longer life. The results show that receiving requests to connect as friends online is associated with reduced mortality but initiating friendships is not. Additionally, online behaviors that indicate face-to-face social activity (like posting photos) are associated with reduced mortality, but online-only behaviors (like sending messages) have a nonlinear relationship, where moderate use is associated with the lowest mortality. These results suggest that online social integration is linked to lower risk for a wide variety of critical health problems. Although this is an associational study, it may be an important step in understanding how, on a global scale, online social networks might be adapted to improve modern populations’ social and physical health.

Additionally, online behaviors that indicate face-to-face social activity (like posting photos) are associated with reduced mortality, but online-only behaviors (like sending messages) have a nonlinear relationship, where moderate use is associated with the lowest mortality. These results suggest that online social integration is linked to lower risk for a wide variety of critical health problems.��Results

Social interactions increasingly take place online. Friendships and other offline social ties have been repeatedly associated with human longevity, but online interactions might have different properties. Here, we reference 12 million social media profiles against California Department of Public Health vital records and use longitudinal statistical models to assess whether social media use is associated with longer life. The results show that receiving requests to connect as friends online is associated with reduced mortality but initiating friendships is not. Additionally, online behaviors that indicate face-to-face social activity (like posting photos) are associated with reduced mortality, but online-only behaviors (like sending messages) have a nonlinear relationship, where moderate use is associated with the lowest mortality. These results suggest that online social integration is linked to lower risk for a wide variety of critical health problems. Although this is an associational study, it may be an important step in understanding how, on a global scale, online social networks might be adapted to improve modern populations’ social and physical health.

Although this is an associational study, it may be an important step in understanding how, on a global scale, online social networks might be adapted to improve modern populations’ social and physical health.

�Implications

Online social media are information resources that can have a transformative power in society. While the Web was envisioned as an equalizing force that allows everyone to access information, the digital divide prevents large amounts of people from being present online. Online social media, in particular, are prone to gender inequality, an important issue given the link between social media use and employment. Understanding gender inequality in social media is a challenging task due to the necessity of data sources that can provide large-scale measurements across multiple countries. Here, we show how the Facebook Gender Divide (FGD), a metric based on aggregated statistics of more than 1.4 billion users in 217 countries, explains various aspects of worldwide gender inequality. Our analysis shows that the FGD encodes gender equality indices in education, health, and economic opportunity. We find gender differences in network externalities that suggest that using social media has an added value for women. Furthermore, we find that low values of the FGD are associated with increases in economic gender equality. Our results suggest that online social networks, while suffering evident gender imbalance, may lower the barriers that women have to access to informational resources and help to narrow the economic gender gap.

Online social media are information resources that can have a transformative power in society. While the Web was envisioned as an equalizing force that allows everyone to access information, the digital divide prevents large amounts of people from being present online. Online social media, in particular, are prone to gender inequality, an important issue given the link between social media use and employment. Understanding gender inequality in social media is a challenging task due to the necessity of data sources that can provide large-scale measurements across multiple countries. Here, we show how the Facebook Gender Divide (FGD), a metric based on aggregated statistics of more than 1.4 billion users in 217 countries, explains various aspects of worldwide gender inequality. Our analysis shows that the FGD encodes gender equality indices in education, health, and economic opportunity. We find gender differences in network externalities that suggest that using social media has an added value for women. Furthermore, we find that low values of the FGD are associated with increases in economic gender equality. Our results suggest that online social networks, while suffering evident gender imbalance, may lower the barriers that women have to access to informational resources and help to narrow the economic gender gap.

Online social media are information resources that can have a transformative power in society. While the Web was envisioned as an equalizing force that allows everyone to access information, the digital divide prevents large amounts of people from being present online. Online social media, in particular, are prone to gender inequality, an important issue given the link between social media use and employment.��General background, specific background

Online social media are information resources that can have a transformative power in society. While the Web was envisioned as an equalizing force that allows everyone to access information, the digital divide prevents large amounts of people from being present online. Online social media, in particular, are prone to gender inequality, an important issue given the link between social media use and employment. Understanding gender inequality in social media is a challenging task due to the necessity of data sources that can provide large-scale measurements across multiple countries. Here, we show how the Facebook Gender Divide (FGD), a metric based on aggregated statistics of more than 1.4 billion users in 217 countries, explains various aspects of worldwide gender inequality. Our analysis shows that the FGD encodes gender equality indices in education, health, and economic opportunity. We find gender differences in network externalities that suggest that using social media has an added value for women. Furthermore, we find that low values of the FGD are associated with increases in economic gender equality. Our results suggest that online social networks, while suffering evident gender imbalance, may lower the barriers that women have to access to informational resources and help to narrow the economic gender gap.

Understanding gender inequality in social media is a challenging task due to the necessity of data sources that can provide large-scale measurements across multiple countries.��Knowledge gap

Online social media are information resources that can have a transformative power in society. While the Web was envisioned as an equalizing force that allows everyone to access information, the digital divide prevents large amounts of people from being present online. Online social media, in particular, are prone to gender inequality, an important issue given the link between social media use and employment. Understanding gender inequality in social media is a challenging task due to the necessity of data sources that can provide large-scale measurements across multiple countries. Here, we show how the Facebook Gender Divide (FGD), a metric based on aggregated statistics of more than 1.4 billion users in 217 countries, explains various aspects of worldwide gender inequality. Our analysis shows that the FGD encodes gender equality indices in education, health, and economic opportunity. We find gender differences in network externalities that suggest that using social media has an added value for women. Furthermore, we find that low values of the FGD are associated with increases in economic gender equality. Our results suggest that online social networks, while suffering evident gender imbalance, may lower the barriers that women have to access to informational resources and help to narrow the economic gender gap.

Here, we show how the Facebook Gender Divide (FGD), a metric based on aggregated statistics of more than 1.4 billion users in 217 countries, explains various aspects of worldwide gender inequality.��Here we show

Online social media are information resources that can have a transformative power in society. While the Web was envisioned as an equalizing force that allows everyone to access information, the digital divide prevents large amounts of people from being present online. Online social media, in particular, are prone to gender inequality, an important issue given the link between social media use and employment. Understanding gender inequality in social media is a challenging task due to the necessity of data sources that can provide large-scale measurements across multiple countries. Here, we show how the Facebook Gender Divide (FGD), a metric based on aggregated statistics of more than 1.4 billion users in 217 countries, explains various aspects of worldwide gender inequality. Our analysis shows that the FGD encodes gender equality indices in education, health, and economic opportunity. We find gender differences in network externalities that suggest that using social media has an added value for women. Furthermore, we find that low values of the FGD are associated with increases in economic gender equality. Our results suggest that online social networks, while suffering evident gender imbalance, may lower the barriers that women have to access to informational resources and help to narrow the economic gender gap.

Our analysis shows that the FGD encodes gender equality indices in education, health, and economic opportunity. We find gender differences in network externalities that suggest that using social media has an added value for women. Furthermore, we find that low values of the FGD are associated with increases in economic gender equality.��Results

Online social media are information resources that can have a transformative power in society. While the Web was envisioned as an equalizing force that allows everyone to access information, the digital divide prevents large amounts of people from being present online. Online social media, in particular, are prone to gender inequality, an important issue given the link between social media use and employment. Understanding gender inequality in social media is a challenging task due to the necessity of data sources that can provide large-scale measurements across multiple countries. Here, we show how the Facebook Gender Divide (FGD), a metric based on aggregated statistics of more than 1.4 billion users in 217 countries, explains various aspects of worldwide gender inequality. Our analysis shows that the FGD encodes gender equality indices in education, health, and economic opportunity. We find gender differences in network externalities that suggest that using social media has an added value for women. Furthermore, we find that low values of the FGD are associated with increases in economic gender equality. Our results suggest that online social networks, while suffering evident gender imbalance, may lower the barriers that women have to access to informational resources and help to narrow the economic gender gap.

Our results suggest that online social networks, while suffering evident gender imbalance, may lower the barriers that women have to access to informational resources and help to narrow the economic gender gap.��Implications

There are typical sentence structures, templates

e.g. “These results suggest”, “Our results suggest”

​

This is good not bad

1. Introduction�2. Abstracts�3. Figures�4. Results�5. Methods

How people read papers:

Title -> Abstract -> Figures -> Everything else

​

Losing readers at each step!

Plot is a basic communication unit in science

Plot is a basic communication unit in science

​

It is more effective and “more scientific”

Plot is a basic communication unit in science

​

It is more effective and “more scientific”

in text we can report only point estimates

​

plots allows to show results for ranges

of parameters and even raw data

1. Introduction�2. Abstracts�3. Figures�4. Results�5. Methods

Results. It is important to remove everything that is unnecessary

Results. Typical structure:

1. Introduction (diagram, problem introduction)�2. Main result

3-4. Supplementary results

Results. Simply describe everything

​

Typical templates:

We find that X is related to Y (Pearson’s r = 0.4, P = 10^-5)

1. Introduction�2. Abstracts�3. Figures�4. Results�5. Methods

Methods. You don’t want to distract readers with details:

​

1. We collect information from a web-site X (see Methods)

2. We use X as a proxy of Y (see Methods)

3. We control for socioeconomic factors (see Methods)

4. We show that that higher X is associated with Y (see Methods)

Parents mention sons more often than daughters on social media

E Sivak, I Smirnov 2019 // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

VK Data

“Russian Facebook”, 100M active users

That is it

But that is it

What make it possible?

What make it possible?

Data

​

Methods

​

Theory

What make it possible?

Data

​

Methods

​

Theory

People I know

People I don’t know

What make it possible?

Data

​

Methods

​

Theory

False positive

“Gazprom’s daughter”

False positive

“Gazprom’s daughter”

10,000 posts

False positive

“Gazprom’s daughter”

​

False negative

“so-o-o-o-on”, spelling mistakes, ...

False positive

“Gazprom’s daughter”

​

False negative

“so-o-o-o-on”, spelling mistakes, …

Word embeddings trained on VK

Example

Predicting academic performance from posts

Applying to 115K users from 100 universities

Word embeddings quantify 100 years of gender and ethnic stereotypes

N Garg, L Schiebinger, D Jurafsky, J Zou (2018), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

What make it possible?

Data

​

Methods

​

Theory

Theory

where to look?

infinite number of potential actions

Theory

where to look?

how to interpret?

Son bias

Sex-selective abortions

Breastfeeding

Pastime

Marriage

Investment

Female characters underrepresented

Books, movies, textbooks, etc.