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Facilitated by Monica Owens,

AAUP Department of Organizing and Services

Fundamentals of Bargaining

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Topics

  1. Legal framework of bargaining
  2. Bargaining teamwork, tasks, and organization
  3. Proposal writing and presentation
  4. Responding at the table
  5. Building a narrative

The contract action team and campaign strategy are not covered here but are extremely important.

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Legal Framework of Bargaining

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Legal Framework of Bargaining

Private Sector

  • 1935 Wagner Act (NLRA): est’d right to form unions and obligation of employers to bargain in good faith at the request of a union
  • 1947 Taft-Hartley amendments to NLRA: limited union power by extending ULPs to unions and eliminating closed shops

Public Sector

  • State and local laws replicate the NLRA to varying degrees that may favor or restrict unions and come with varying interpretations by their respective courts and labor boards

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Section 8(D) of the NLRA

“For the purposes of this section, to bargain collectively is the performance of the mutual obligation of the employer and the representative of the employees to meet at reasonable times and confer in good faith with respect to wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment, or the negotiation of an agreement or any question arising thereunder, and the execution of a written contract incorporating any agreement reached if requested by either party, but such obligation does not compel either party to agree to a proposal or require the making of a concession

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Examples of Bad Faith Bargaining

Refusal to meet (at all)

Refusal to furnish relevant information

Intimidating or threatening a member of the union for union activity

Direct dealing with unit employees (bypassing the exclusive representative)

Insisting to point of impasse on a permissive subject of bargaining

Refusal to execute a written agreement

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What Can Be Bargained?

Mandatory Subjects

Wages and working conditions. These include compensation, insurance options, holidays/sick days; hours of work, job duties, promotions; leaves of absence, discipline and discharge language, and more.

Permissive Subjects

Subjects that are not mandatory, but that can be bargained if both parties agree. One example is ground rules, which are not required to be set for bargaining, though some employers may pressure you. Another example is a seat on the BOT or student mental health services.

Illegal Subjects

Anything illegal or that falls outside the parameters of the union’s rights to represent. For example, the university president’s salary, or wages or working conditions for employees not in the bargaining unit.

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Bargaining Teamwork, Tasks, and Organization

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Bargaining teamwork and organization

  1. Set up team infrastructure. Establish team roles, schedule a recurring team meeting, and set up a group text or on a chat platform. Roles include spokesperson, notetaker, scheduler, research lead, liaison to the CAT, etc.
  2. Agree on a decision-making process. Majority rule? Consensus? How will you check the temperature about a potential decision? Rank on a scale of 1-5. or thumbs up/down? How will you resolve conflict about a decision?
  3. Create a proposal tracker. Update the tracker during debrief as a team. Track internally or make it public.
  4. Debrief after every bargaining session.
      • What worked and what didn’t?
      • What did we learn about the employer’s priorities?
      • What topline points will go into the bargaining update?
      • Who will write the update this week?
      • Update the tracker during

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Example proposal tracker (OSU)

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Proposal Writing and Presentation

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Basics of Proposal Writing

  1. Write the proposal to solve a well-defined, specific problem;
  2. Know the problem well;
  3. Use language that is simple and clear; and
  4. Rely on your chapter lawyer as a legal resource, but not as an author of the contract.

If your article goes to arbitration in a grievance dispute, an arbitrator will consider the following:

  • Is the meaning of this language clear at face value?
  • Words will be given their ordinary meaning unless another or technical meaning is provided.
  • All words in a contract are there for a reason and have meaning.
  • Listing items means that only the items listed are covered.
  • Specific wording trumps general wording.
  • Words will be interpreted in the light of the law.
  • Words are understood in context and the agreement is “construed as a whole”--an article will not be read in isolation from the contract.

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What Do You Know About the Problem?

Healthcare

If you can’t fill in the circle, it may be a sign to go back and get more specific information from members.

No out of network option

Dysfunctional reimbursement process through third-party administrator

Tiny and inaccessible mental healthcare provider network

Prohibitively high deductible

No access to dental care

Premium too high

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Issue

Language

Examples

Takeaways

What is the problem you are trying to solve?

This helps establish the intent of your language

Explain the problem and how this proposal ties in to your bargaining platform

Reference your values and goals

What does the language say?

Highlight the key changes from current contract language or your previous proposal

Call their attention to any significant changes and move quickly over minor changes

What does the language do? How does it work?

Explain how you envision the language working in practice - use examples

Describe the impact of this language on faculty

Reiterate the problem you’re trying to solve.

Why should the employer care about the issue?

Wrap up by restating the purpose/intent of the proposal and any key takeaways

Proposal Presenting

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At the Table

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At the table

  1. Take control of the conversation from day one
      • Make an opening statement
      • Refuse restrictive ground rules
      • Protect the option of open bargaining
  2. Stay focused on the solution to your problem
      • Forefront the problem you’re trying to solve
      • Invoke member needs
      • Bring member stories to the table (quant and qual data)
  3. Always ask follow up questions of the employer
      • “What problem is your proposal/counter trying to solve?”
      • “Can you say more about your thinking here?”
      • Draw out as much info as possible from the employer about their position
  4. Know your opponent
      • Are you bargaining with in house counsel or union-busting firm?
      • Can you play employer team members off each other?
      • Can you peel off admin from outside counsel?
      • Who’s the weak link?

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DON’T: Follow the

red herring

The employer may try to draw you into a discussion unrelated to the core issue of your proposal. Pivot back to the issue at hand.

DO: Center yourselves

Review Dos and Don’ts as a team before the session/ Taking 60 seconds to breathe silently is also an excellent way to focus and slow down before heading to the table.

DO: Reference the members often

Frame your responses with what the members need or expect. This brings them into the room with you and is a reminder that you are a representative of many.

DON’T: Lose your temper (unless it’s strategic)

The employer may try to upset you to take control of the conversation. Take a caucus instead of reacting.

Staying in Control of the Conversation

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Responding to the Employer

DON’T: Counter yourself or overcommit

The employer may try to get you to tweak your proposal verbally or share changes you’d be willing to make - watch out for this trap!

DO: Take a caucus if needed

If you aren’t sure how to answer a question or feel they might be trying to trap you, take a caucus and regroup with your team before responding

DON’T: Give them the answer

Ask questions to try to draw out the employer’s objection and resist the urge to share what you think their concerns might be

DO: Repeat your message

Though you may feel like you’re repeating yourself too much, restating your key talking points ensures your message is clear

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On behalf of the entire FAMCO team, I want to share a few framing words. We know there will be some peaks and valleys as we negotiate over the next few months, but we also begin this work knowing that we are colleagues with a common purpose…

We know that all of us have a shared goal to invest in academic excellence as the first pillar of our strategic plan, and to create a campus culture that best facilitates excellence in teaching and learning for our students—all of which our Monmouth mission statement rightly emphasizes.

It is our position that the work of the faculty is central to carrying out that mission, and to ensuring the student retention and graduation rates that President Leahy reminded us on Friday are so key.

To do that, the faculty union’s proposals will focus on ensuring the university's commitments to the core values of equity, anti-racism, faculty retention, and excellent teaching. Specifically, we intend to discuss ways to build an academic environment that supports equity, anti-racism, and academic freedom; ways to retain the high-quality faculty we have in our ranks and ways to promote their development as teachers as well as ways to recruit new faculty; ways to ensure enough financial stability for faculty so that they can focus on the students and mission; and within that, ways to ensure good, accessible healthcare for all faculty.

We look forward to discussing these issues and others during these challenging times for our students and faculty.

Excerpted opening statement drawn from platform:

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Quantitative + qualitative data

at the table

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Useful Phrases

  • “We’d be happy to look at that in your counter”
  • “We’ll consider that question in caucus and get back to you”
  • “How would you approach this problem?”
  • “Where in the proposal do you see that?”

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Creating a Narrative

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Campaign Building Blocks

Campaign Narrative

Bargaining Platform

Surveys

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What is Narrative?

  • Story behind the bargaining platform.
  • Clear, concise, easy to understand.
  • Repeatable talking points.

  • It’s often about:
    • How much money there is;
    • Where money is going now; and
    • Where money would be better spent.

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What Does Narrative Need?

Venues:

  • Opening statement in negotiations
  • Social media posts
  • Chapter meetings
  • Online petitions
  • Senate resolutions
  • Op-eds, LTEs or articles in press like the campus paper, local, or national papers

Audiences:

  • Chapter members
  • Employer
  • Students
  • Elected officials
  • Local community
  • National groups

Timing:

  • Will you establish your narrative from the outset or by responding?

Quantitative and qualitative data:

  • Financial data about the institution
  • Member stories
  • Enrollment data
  • Inflation rates

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Methods of info gathering

Best for gathering aggregate data, ranking priorities, identifying issues that are most important to the majority

Surveys

Best for getting a sense of the top issues for various constituency groups, talking through possible solutions to the issues

Best for drawing out individual stories and examples, understanding how issues are playing out in the day to day

One on Ones

Listening Sessions

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Example Bargaining Narrative

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Example Narrative Template

Bargaining priority/demand

Salary increase

How the employer can afford it

Revenue and enrollment are up

Where the money is going now

Capital projects like a new stadium

What the faculty have contributed to the institution

Taught, mentored, and researched through the pandemic and kept the doors open

What faculty have sacrificed for the institution

Faculty took pay cuts

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Resources

Make a copy to use templates