1/29

Impulses toward storm-cellar Isolationism

  • Totalitarian regimes came about
  • Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin are notable dictators
  • Hitler was the most dangerous
  • Hitler and Mussolini → Rome-Berlin Axis
  • Japan got rid of Washington Naval treaty
  • Mussolini attack on Africa
  • America isolated
  • Johnson Debt Default act

https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/13/congress-passes-johnson-debt-default-act-april-13-1934-512632

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=youtu.be&v=kybjUg4kw_s&app=desktop

http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5163/

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2/29

Congress Legislates Neutrality

  • Articles and books on “Merchants of death”
  • Neutrality acts of 1935,1936,1937 and Mussolini
  • Storm cellar neutrality and statutory neutrality
  • Helping the aggressor

Political cartoon

https://humanitiesisolationism2.weebly.com/propaganda.html

Neutrality Acts,1930s

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/neutrality-acts

Navigating sovereignty and neutrality during WWII

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lkh&AN=101790245&site=lrc-plus.

*password-wise owl 18

EOI Review: US Neutrality in the 1930s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=om1tnqzOoOQ

3/29

American Dooms Loyalist Spain

  • Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
  • Franco aided by Mussolini and Hitler
  • Abraham Lincoln Brigade
  • Amending neutrality and embargoing
  • So… more aid for Franco
  • No naval intervention either!
  • Rebels won

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4/29

Appeasement of Japan and Germany

  • 1931- Invasion of Manchuria
  • 1937 Japanese Invasion
  • Roosevelts refusal
  • Quarantine Speech- embargoes on dictators
  • Sinking of the Panay
  • 1935- compulsory military service in Germany
  • 1936- Rhineland
  • 1938- Austria,
  • western europe appeasement sudetenland
  • 1939- Czechoslovakia

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https://www.history.co.uk/history-of-ww2/appeasement

http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/the-road-to-world-war-ii-how-appeasement-failed-to-stop-hitler-a-646481.html

https://www.britannica.com/event/Second-Sino-Japanese-War

https://www.google.com/search?q=german+appeasement+political+cartoon&safe=strict&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS812US812&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiKrPXZ24HhAhWynOAKHWDeBDoQ_AUIDigB&biw=1280&bih=610#imgrc=IaxsHaCE-w8XOM:

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5/29

Hitler’s Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality

  • Hitler-Stalin Pact
  • Poland
  • Neutrality Act
  • Employment
  • Transportation of Goods

From Neutrality to War: https://edsitement.neh.gov/curriculum-unit/neutrality-war-united-states-and-europe-1921-1941

David Beyer on the invasion of Poland: https://youtu.be/59mTV4qOy0s

Political Cartoon of Neutrality:

https://www.pinterest.ca/pin/784822672537870853/#details?amp_client_id=amp-s8lEBEdtaI1j0FuzSdnIDA&mweb_unauth_id=15f6a640b4244573a87729e5e432828e

6/29

6. The Fall of France

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  • Maginot Line
  • Blitzkrieg
  • Charles de Gaulle
  • Surrender of Belgium
  • Operation Dynamo
  • Surrender of France
  • Defeat can be attributed to low morale, pre-war societal divisions, and superior German military

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7/29

7. Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal

  • Hitler fighting Britain who needs help
  • FDR must choose either defense mode or aid Britain by “all means short of war”
  • Supporters of aid “Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies”
  • Isolationists “America First Committee”
  • FDR transfers 50 destroyers for Britain’s 8 defensive base sites
  • US approve of transfer but not secrecy
  • Majority of Americans agree to “all aid short of war”

https://www.reference.com/history/destroyers-bases-deal-aed6da21eefec1e4

https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1138420.shtml

http://www.answers.com/Q/Destroyers_for_bases_deal

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiRwAhrb1Oc

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8/29

8. FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition

  • Wendell L. Willkie (Republican Party)
  • Third Term Dictatorship ?
  • “Better a third term than a third rater” - Democrats
  • FDR was hesitant
  • 1940 Election
  • FDR ran again because it was personal
  • FDR wins the electoral vote 449 to 82

History.com

Colgate Academic Review

Cartoon

  • https://goo.gl/images/XgHST3
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9/29

Congress Passes the Landmark Lend-Lease Law

  • Stated that America would send a limitless supply of arms to foreign nations, who in turn would keep the war on their side of the Atlantic, and at the end of the war everything would be returned
  • Approved in March 1941
  • Ended in 1945, America had sent $50 billion worth of equipment
  • Hitler saw it as an unofficial declaration of war

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Lend-Lease Act- HISTORY

https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/lend-lease-act-1

What Was the Lend-Lease Act? | History-Youtube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljDyho6AZ6A

Political Cartoon

Url

10/29

Hitler assaults the soviets and spawns the atlantic charter

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Hitler assaults the soviets for war materials.

Hopes when attacking:

Allies response to the incident

Goals of the charter:

FDR- The Atlantic Charter

https://www.biography.com/video/franklin-d-roosevelt-–-the-atlantic-charter-11512899754

The Allies accept the Atlantic Charter

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OC6iXzDtDjY

Atlantic Charter - YouTube

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PZbdk77ar4

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11/29

U.S. Destroyers and Hitler’s U-boats Clash

  • U-boats took part in unrestricted warfare in the Atlantic
  • FDR used the destroyers to escort supplies to Britain because Germany kept sinking arm shipments
  • U-boats sunk hundreds of ships
  • Led to the repeal of the Neutrality Act of 1939
  • This allowed merchant ships to be legally armed and enter combat zones with munitions for Britain.

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Links:

German U-Boats:

https://www.britannica.com/technology/U-boat

US Destroyers

https://www.militaryfactory.com/ships/ww2-destroyers.asp

Destroyer Escorts:

https://www.ussslater.org/history/dehistory/history_atlanticbattle.html

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12/29

12. Surprise Assault on Pearl Harbor

  • Japan was allied with Germany
  • America cut off trade with Japan
  • Attack!
    • December 7th, 1941
    • Japan attacked Pearl Harbor
  • Bombing caused immense damage to USA's navy
  • Did not damage oil deposits, repair shops, shipyards, and submarines
    • Able to bounce back quickly
  • USA declared war on Japan
  • Germany and Italy declared war on USA

Synopsis of Pearl Harbor History.com Pearl Harbor

How Pearl Harbor was Foreshadowed Britannica Pearl Harbor

Video of the Attack Live Footage of Attack

Political Cartoon 250 × 382

13/29

13. The Shock of War

Talking Points:

  • US was unified due to the attack on Pearl Harbor
  • Increased unity meant increased immigrant assimilation
  • Executive Order No. 9066
  • Korematsu v. US (1944)
  • Conservative Congress cancelled many New Deal programs
  • 1943: FDR declared that the New Deal era was over

3 Links:

14/29

Building the War Machine

  • War demands re-ignited the need for full industrial capacity
  • Non-essential products, like passenger cars, temporarily ceased production or rationed out by the government
    • Ammunition, weaponry, military transport production prioritized
  • Overproduction by the end of the war due to increased war demands
  • Inflation and govt. mandated wage ceilings caused workers to go on strike, despite no-strike pledge from labor unions
    • Congress passed Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act: strikes against government operated industry a felony�

15/29

Manpower and Womanpower

  • The draft left the Nation’s farms and factories short of workers, even with some industrial and agricultural workers being exempt from the draft.
  • In 1942, thousands of Mexican agricultural workers, called Braceros, were brought to America to harvest farms of the west.
  • The armed services enlisted over 200,000 women in WWII.
  • Although millions of women took jobs in factories, most continued in their traditional household roles. (taking care of home and kids)
  • American Women and World War II

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-world-power/us-wwii/a/american-women-and-world-war-ii

  • Women in the Workforce during WWII

https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/wwii-women.html

  • The Surprising Role Mexico Played in World War II

https://www.history.com/news/mexico-world-war-ii-surprising-involvement

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16/29

  • During/after the war, many people moved all over the country
  • California gained a population of 2 million people
  • The south was the country’s number 1 economic problem
  • Blacks left the South to find work in the North
  • Racial tensions started to increase
  • Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)
  • National Association for the Colored People (NAACP)
  • Native Americans found war work as “code talkers”

https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/great-migration

http://www.inmotionaame.org/migrations/topic.cfm;jsessionid=f8303199521552361200263?migration=6&topic=9&bhcp=1

http://faculty.washington.edu/gregoryj/second_great_migration.htm

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Wartime Migrations

17/29

Holding The Home Front

Talking Points

  • The war invigorated the economy in America, lifting the country out of the depression.
  • Millions of men and woman worked for “Uncle Sam”.
  • The cost of war drew the origin of the “Warfare, Welfare” state.
  • The office of Scientific Research and development put in a lot of money to university based research.

Gender on the Home Front

Ending The Warfare/Welfare State

Impact of World War II on the U.S. Economy and Worksource

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18/29

The Rising Sun in the Pacific

  • Before the US entrance into World War Two, Japan’s had been slowly invading local nations.
  • Due to the fact that Japanese was now ruled by a military regime
  • After its attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan launched a rapid and widespread attack in the Pacific.
  • One of the targets of Japanese aggression was the Philippines, a US territory
  • After the surrender of the US and Philippine soldiers in the Philippines, they were marched to prison camps.

Pearl Harbor: Documents: The Rising Sun in the Pacific

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/japan/1991-12-01/pearl-harbor-documents-rising-sun-pacific

The Start of the Japanese Empire

https://www.britannica.com/place/Japan/The-rise-of-the-militarists

The Japanese Empire 1894-1945

http://aboutjapan.japansociety.org/imperial_japan_1894-1945_1#sthash.lEGnvNO3.dpbs

Cartoon of the Japanese Empire

https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/ef-hiscocks-cartoon

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19/29

Japan’s High Tide at Midway/American Leapfrogging Toward Tokyo

  • June 3-6, 1942 U.S. wins naval battle near midway
  • Led by Admiral Chester Nimitz
  • Turning point in war- made japan go on defensive
  • Island hopping was brutal
  • Japan pulled out of Guadalcanal in 1943 after losing 20,000 troops. 10:1 casualty ratio against Americans.
  • Mariana Islands fell in July and August of 1944
  • allows B-29 bombers to rain on mainland Japan

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https://www.nationalww2museum.org/about-us/notes-museum/distance-learning-battle-guadalcanal

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20/29

The Allied Halting of Hitler (p. 841)

  • The Battle of the Atlantic= fight between German’s modern fleet of submarine U-Boats and Allied shipping.
  • The Allies could pinpoint location of U-Boats
  • Air Patrols and Radar eventually helped the Allies win the Battle of the Atlantic.
  • The turning point of the war against Hitler came at the Battle of El Alamein, British general Bernard Montgomery defeated the Germans.
  • The turning point in the war in the Soviet Union was the Soviets repelled Hitler's attack on Stalingrad, capturing thousands of German soldiers.

LINKS:

The Battle of the Atlantic-

No, mein Fuhrer= No my guide

The Battle of El Alamein-

Battle of Stalingrad

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21/29

A Second Front from North Africa to Rome(pg. 842)

  • Americans wanted to invade France
  • Fear of Soviet separate peace and leaving Allies
  • British against a frontal assault on German-held France
  • American General, Dwight Eisenhower in 1942 lead a secret attack on French-held North Africa
  • German-Italy Army surrendered in 1943
  • President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill planned to invade Sicily and increase pressure in Italy
  • Sicily falls in August 1943 and Italy surrenders in September then declares war on Germany in October
  • After months of fighting German defense troops and trying to push north, Rome fell in June 1944
  • On May 2, 1945 thousands of axis troops surrendered and became prisoners of war

Invasion of North Africa

https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/us-invasion-north-africa

Italian Campaign

https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/italian-campaign

Italian Surrender

https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/us-invasion-north-africa

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22/29

D-Day

  • President Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Stalin
  • General Eisenhower
  • June 6, 1944
  • America invades French Normandy
  • Germans confused- expected attack from North
  • Largest military assaults in history.
  • Mastery of air
  • Allied tactics
  • Northern France liberated
  • Allies defeat Germans
  • 425,000

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23/29

23. FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944/Roosevelt Defeats Dewey

FDR: The Fourth-Termite of 1944

  • Presidential Election of 1944
  • Thomas E. Dewey
  • John W. Bricker
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • Henry A. Wallace
  • Henry S. Truman

Roosevelt Defeats Dewey

  • Dewey took the offensive
  • “Time for a change” after “twelve long years of New Dealism
  • FDR faced Republican charges
  • Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)
  • Roosevelt wins in a sweeping victory

United States Presidential Election of 1944

Thomas E. Dewey

FDR Wins Unprecedented Fourth Term

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24/29

The Last Days of Hitler (pg 849)

Talking Points:

  • Battle of the Bulge
  • Freeing the Concentration Camps
  • Roosevelt’s Death
  • The Death of Hitler
  • V-E (Victory in Europe) Day

Links:

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25/29

Japan Dies Hard

  • American submarines, “the silent service”,
  • Fire-bomb raid on Tokyo, March 9–10, 1945
  • Leyte Gulf (three battles from October 23–26, 1944).
  • Recapturing and Liberating Philippines (Jan-July 1945).
  • Iwo Jima was captured in March 1945.
  • Okinawa captured from April-June of 1945
  • Death squads (Kamikaze)

Iwo Jima Flag Raising Picture

http://dujye7n3e5wjl.cloudfront.net/photographs/1080-tall/time-100-influential-photos-joe-rosenthal-flag-raising-iwo-jima-35.jpg

Tokyo Firebombing

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/firebombing-of-tokyo

Recapturing the Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_Campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)

26/29

The Atomic Bombs

  • Potsdam Declaration
  • Bombing of Hiroshima, Japan (August 6th, 1945)
  • Bombing of Nagasaki, Japan (August 9th, 1945)
  • Bombings led to Japan’s surrender
  • V-J Day (September 2nd, 1945)
  • An increase of cancer and birth defects caused by radiation

Hiroshima: Dropping The Bomb -Hiroshima- BBC (Video)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wxWNAM8Cso

“To New Heights or Complete Destruction” (Political Cartoon)

http://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/1945-08-20-AtlantaConst-New-Heights-or-Complete-Destruction.jpg

10 Facts About the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Article)

https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-atomic-bombing-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki/

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27/29

The Allies Triumph

  • WW2 was very costly
  • America had little cost
  • Foreign nations had a lot of cost
  • War Heroes emerged in America
  • Production of war goods increased in America

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America’s impact on the triumphant of WW2

How the Allies won WW2

Political cartoon on Allies’ resources

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28/29

Postwar Economic Anxieties

  • Gross National Product (GNP) Fell
  • Scare of economic downturn/ Great Depression part 2
  • Government loosens up control
  • Rise in Labor unions
  • 4.6 Million laborers on strike
  • Republican Congress passes Taft-Hartley act
  • Organized labor slowed down
  • Sold factories to private business for money
  • Employment Act
  • GI Bill of Rights
  • Help soldiers with buying homes and going to school

GI Bill of Rights

https://www.britannica.com/topic/GI-Bill-of-Rights

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Taft-Hartley Act

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Taft-Hartley-Act

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GI Bill of Rights Cartoon

https://www.thinglink.com/scene/468143416337760257

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29/29

The Roots Of Postwar Prosperity

Talking Points

  • Low-cost petroleum
  • Factories encouraged to produce
  • New age of technology
  • New farming techniques & equipment

Other Sources