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Anglo-Saxon England

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Invasions

  • From 4th to 6th centuries
  • Divides England into twenty petty dynasty & kingdoms
  • Continued government of kings and chiefs and warrior bands

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The Seven Kingdoms

  • Heptarchy
  • Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Sussex, Kent, Wessex

- Northumbria exerts a hegemony over England in 7th - 8th centuries

  • In late 9th century, Wessex will begin to take over

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Single - Family Peasant Farm

  • Basis of agricultural production
  • Farm owners gave them land and they would pay rent
  • System was initially built on slavery
  • Why would they switch?

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New Tech!

  • New inventions helped revolutionize agricultural production
  • New crops
    • Grains
    • Wines
    • Olive Oil
    • Linen
    • Woolen Cloth

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The Heavy Wheeled Plow

  • Alluvial Plain
    • From Southeast France to England
  • Light Plow could handle much of the terrain
  • But not so much in the North

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The Heavy Wheeled Plow

  • Heavy Wheeled Plow invented
    • Germans & Slavs
  • Could cut deep into the earth
  • Revolutionized in sixth century

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Oxen Plow

  • Mediterranean plow
    • Two Oxen
  • Northern Plow
    • Eight Oxen!
    • Had to live in communities to support so many

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HORSES

  • 9th century
    • Northern Europeans develop collar & harness
  • Tandem harness
  • Horseshoes are invented

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Yeigh or Neigh?

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Three Field System

  • Method of crop rotation
  • Split into thirds
  • ⅔ cultivated each year
  • Invented in 763

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Increased Productivity

  • What do you think happened in the two-field system?
  • More, more, more

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Life of Peasants

  • Lived under Roman latifundia system
  • Some called slaves and others were free
  • Intermarried with Germans

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Roles of men and Women

  • Agriculturally who predominantly did most of the work?
  • Do you think roles will change yes or no?

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Roles of Men and Women

  • Men operate heavy-wheeled plow
  • They also operate oxen plow
  • Men begin to move towards being farmers as they no longer have to be warriors

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Women Roles Shift

  • Care for Children
  • Tend to animals
  • Produce cheese
  • Brewed beer and mead
  • Spun and weaved