Top Trumps™
Psych edition
This is totally ripped off of a card game ™ that my kids loved this summer, now you are going to create your own and do battle.
Alfred Adler
Approach/School: Individual Psychology
Impact: 50/50 (psychoanalysis, inferiority complex, personality theory, etc.)
Scientific Method: 40/50 (He thought things through enough to have a big impact, but not enough to realize he was #sexist)
Ethics: 5/25 (He worked with Sigmund Freud…and was sexist so)
Inclusivity: 0/25 (He was sexist!)
Year of Birth: 1870 Place: Penzing, Austria
Why do we study them? He had a major impact on other psychologists like Abraham Maslow, Albert Ellis, and many more. He also helped Freud with psychoanalysis, and then went on to study personality and the inferiority complex.
By: Sienna Silva
Diana Baumrind
Approach/School: Developmental Psychology
Impact: 25/50
Scientific Method: 35/50
Ethics: 25/25
Inclusivity: 25/25
Why do we study them? Focusing on how parental styles impact children’s development and behavior later in life, she determined that there were 2 descriptive characteristics of parenting styles: demandingness and responsiveness. Through these, she outlined 3 common parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive.
Henry Estes
Year of Birth: 1927
Place: New York, NY, United States
Raymond Cattall
Approach/School: Intelligence and Contribution: Fluids and Crystals (the 3 domains of personality; personality, ability, and motivation)
Impact: __35_/50
Scientific Method: __45_/50
Ethics: __0_/25 (racist; accused of sing his research to support racism
Inclusivity: __0_/25 (racist)
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Year of Birth: 1905
Place: Hilltop, West Bromwich, United Kingdom
Why do we study them?
Cattall developed the 16 personality factors as well as introduced new analytic techniques that allowed more empirical measurements for components of personality and intelligence
Jillian Gillis
Aaron Beck
Approach/School: Cognitive Behavior/Psych
Impact: 48/50
Scientific Method: 40/50
Ethics: 23/25
Inclusivity: 25/25
Year of Birth: 1921 Place: Providence, RI
Why do we study them?
Aaron Beck is known as the “father of cognitive therapy.” He aimed to work with people that had clinical depression help them think it their lives and themselves differently to hopefully treat their depression
Jules Piscatelli
Alfred Binet
Approach/School: University of Paris
Impact: _43__/50
Scientific Method: _40__/50
Ethics: __20_/25
Inclusivity: _20_/25
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Year of Birth: July 8th, 1857 Place:Nice, France
Why do we study them?
Binet made an IQ test for children in France to see which children needed extra help before putting them in school. He then found the concept of mental age based in the ages of children and the questions they got right.
Ashley Pinkham
Paul Broca
Approach/School: Craniometry
Impact: 48/50
Scientific Method: 45/50
Ethics: 25/25
Inclusivity: 20/25
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Year of Birth: 1824 Place: France
Why do we study them? We study Broca for his theory on the fact that the speech production center of the brain is located on the left side of the brain and for locating the ventroposterior region of the frontal lobes which are known as Broca’s area. He revolutionized the understanding of language processing, speech production and comprehension.
Morgan Ryan
Mary Whiton Calkins
Approach/School: Personalistic Introspective Psych
Impact: 42/50
Scientific Method: 35/50
Ethics: 20/25
Inclusivity: 25/25
Year of Birth:1863 Place: Hartford, CT
Why do we study them?
We study her because she established one of the first psychological labs in the country (Wellesley College) and was the first female president of the APA. Calkins also invented the paired-associates technique for studying learning and memory.
Katie Hayes
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Approach/School: Social psychology
Impact: 48/50
Scientific Method: 45/50
Ethics: 23/25
Inclusivity: 25/25
Year of Birth: Kenneth- 1914, Mammie- 1917
Place: Kenneth- Panama Canal Zone, Mammie- Hot Springs, Arkansas
Why do we study them?
Kenneth and Mammie Clark conducted a series of experiments that demonstrated the effects of racial segregation on Black children. Their most famous experiment, the Doll Test, revealed that segregation destroyed Black children’s self-esteem and made them feel inferior. Their research was crucial in the Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court case which ruled that segregating children on the basis of race was unconstitutional.
Keira Riley
Noam Chomsky
Approach/School: UPenn
Impact: 46/50
Scientific Method: 31/50
Ethics: 13/25
Inclusivity: 11/25
Year of Birth: 1928
Place: East Oak Lane, Philadelphia Pa
Why do we study them?
He introduced universal grammar which is based on all human speech and its structure in the mind/brain.
Charlize collins
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Approach/School: Memory and Measurement
Impact: 35/50
Scientific Method: 40/50
Ethics: 25/25
Inclusivity: 2/25
Year of Birth: 1850 Place: Germany
Why do we study them? He was responsible for the creation of the Forgetting Curve which proved how human memory declined and also made inferences on how we can retain information longer.
Caroline Russo
Mary Ainsworth
Approach/School: Developmental Psychology/Emotional Attachment
Impact: _22_/50
Scientific Method: _40_/50
Ethics: _15__/25
Inclusivity: _20_/25
Year of Birth: December 1,1913 Place: Ohio
Why do we study them?
She was an Emotional Attachment psychologist, she would study separation and patterns of attachment. She would study children playing and have different individuals enter and exit the room and study the pattern between the children.
Beza Esayas
Albert Ellis
Approach/School: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Impact: 47/50
Scientific Method: 42/50
Ethics: 18/25
Inclusivity: 16/25
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Year of Birth: 1913 Place: Pittsburgh, PA
Albert Ellis was quite the influential figure in psychology. He founded his own approach called rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) where the belief is that our opinions and attitudes have a great effect on how we behaviorally react to stimuli. Ellis is well renowned for his empiricism and commitment to the scientific method. Although he never did anything concretely unethical, many disagreed with his therapeutic methods. Often these complaints were due to his methods disregard for cultural and religious differences, which made his method work not as well with diverse patients.
Paul Ekman
Approach/School: Emotional Psychologist
Impact: 35/50
Scientific Method: 40/50
Ethics: 22/25
Inclusivity: 15/25
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Year of Birth: 1934 Place: Washington D.C.
Why do we study them? He theorized that there were seven basic emotions (happiness/enjoyment, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust and contempt) that were innate and universal across cultures. He also believed that these emotions were accompanied by distinct facial features.
Matthew Maniscalco
Erik Erikson
Approach/School: Psychosocial Theory of Human Development
Impact: 40/50
Scientific Method: 40/50
Ethics: 20/25
Inclusivity: 15/25
Year of Birth: 1902 Place: Frankfurt, Germany
Why do we study them? Erik erikson is known for his 8 stage theory of psychosocial development inspired by Freud's 5 stage development theory.
Shyam Patel
Hans Eysenck
Approach/School:
Impact: ___/50
Scientific Method: ___/50
Ethics: ___/25
Inclusivity: ___/25
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Year of Birth: Place:
Why do we study them?
Albert Bandura
Approach/School: Social Psychology
Impact: 38/50
Scientific Method: 47/50
Ethics: 4/25
Inclusivity:13/25
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Year of Birth: 1925 Place: Mundare, Canada
Why do we study them? - Created theories based around social aggression and learn such as his social cognitive theory. Also directed the “bobo doll” experiment which gave beneficial details about aggression and how the behavior arises.
Keshob Malo
Sigmund Freud
Ayaan Shaikh
Approach/School: Psychoanalytic
Impact: 45/50
Scientific Method: 5/50
Ethics: 15/25
Inclusivity: 10/25
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Year of Birth: 1856 Place: Freiberg, Moravia
Why do we study them? We study Freud as his work in psychoanalysis has a profound impact on our knowledge of the human mind and behavior.
John Garcia
Approach/School: behavioral approach
Impact: 37/50
Scientific Method: 40/50
Ethics: 5/25
Inclusivity: 0/25
Year of Birth: 1917 Place: California (did brain research at UCLA)
Why do we study them? He has a method named after him (Garcia Method) which is the “conditioned taste aversion”. He research taste of version using rats.
Hailey Lavoie
Howard Gardner
Approach/School: intelligence
Impact: 36/50
Scientific Method: 35/50
Ethics: 20/25
Inclusivity: 22/25
Year of Birth: 1943 Place: Scranton, Pennsylvania
Why do we study them? We study Howard Gardner as he shifted away from believing in one intelligence and created the theory of multiple intelligences that includes eight smarts which allowed people to see that people all have different types of strengths.
Emma Cerasoli
Name of individual
Approach/School:
Impact: ___/50
Scientific Method: ___/50
Ethics: ___/25
Inclusivity: ___/25
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Year of Birth: Place:
Why do we study them?
Michael Gazzaniga
Approach/School: Cognitive Neuroscience
Impact: 40___/50
Scientific Method: _45__/50
Ethics: __24_/25
Inclusivity: _20__/25
Year of Birth: 1939 Place: Los Angeles , Ca
Why do we study them? Michael Gazzaniga contributed greatly to the enhancing the understanding of split brain with his numerous experiment, while also introducing the term cognitive neuroscience.
Eleanor Gibson
Approach/School: Developmental Psychology
Impact: 30/50
Scientific Method: 50/50
Ethics: 20/25
Inclusivity: 20/25
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Year of Birth: 1910 Place: Peoria, Illinois
Why do we study them? She studied perceptual learning and reading development in infants and toddlers. She became famous for her “visual cliff” experiment, which proved that both humans and animals are born with depth perception. President Bush awarded her with the National Medal of Science for her many contributions to science, making her one of ten psychologists to receive the medal.
Krystina Foudoulis
Carol Gilligan
Approach/School: Behavioral approach
Impact: 35/50
Scientific Method: 30/50
Ethics: 25/25
Inclusivity: 22/25
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Year of Birth: 1936 Place: New York, NY
Why do we study them? As Harvard’s first professor of Gender studies, she stressed the of differences in men and women’s moral development in which women tend to value care (for themselves and others) while men value an “ethics of justice”.
Alicia Yairo
Francis Galton
Approach/School: Biological
Impact: 40/50
Scientific Method: 15/50
Ethics: -5/25
Inclusivity: -5/25
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Year of Birth: 1822 Place: United Kingdom
Why do we study them? We study Francis Galton because of his thought provoking ideas and development in Biological Psychology that people still think about today like “Nature v Nurture“ and “eugenics”. Shaila Khan p5
Daniel Goleman
Approach/School: Humanism and cognitive
Impact: 35/50
Scientific Method: 30/50
Ethics: 23/25
Inclusivity: 24/25
Year of Birth: 1946 Place: Stockton, CA
Goleman came up with the modern term of emotional intelligence that we use currently. He came up with 5 key components of emotional intelligence as well as ways to improve and utilize it in the workplace and daily life.
Harry Harlow
Approach/School: Social and Cognitive Psychology
Impact: 30/50
Scientific Method: 15/50
Ethics: 0/25
Inclusivity: 5/25
Year of Birth: 1905 Place: Fairfield, Iowa
We study Harry Harlow because he demonstrated how necessary it is for love and affection for a child when growing up.
Sydney Sehr Period 5
Name of individual
Approach/School:
Impact: ___/50
Scientific Method: ___/50
Ethics: ___/25
Inclusivity: ___/25
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Year of Birth: Place:
Why do we study them?
Karen Horney
Approach/School: Personality
Impact: 30/50
Scientific Method: 40/50
Ethics: 20/25
Inclusivity: 15/25
Year of Birth: 1885 Place: Hamburg, Germany
We study her because of her new look on neurosis and how experiences during childhood has an affect on the child’s personality as well as current fears and influences.
Elli Clement
William James
Approach/School: Functionalism
Impact: 50/50
Scientific Method: 10/50
Ethics: 20/25
Inclusivity: 20/25
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Year of Birth: 1842 Place: New York City
Why do we study them?
He is considered a “father” of psychology and helped to establish psych as a formal school of thought. He was also a founder of functionalism.
Julia Griffin, Period 5
Ernest Hilgard
Approach/School:Behavioral psychology
Impact: 49/50
Scientific Method: 40/50
Ethics: 25/25
Inclusivity: 19/25
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Year of Birth: 1904 Place:Belleville, Illinois
Why do we study them? We study Hilgard because of his many contributions to to studies surrounding Hypnosis. One of those being pain research management where he would relive the patience pain through splitting the conscious into too and guiding one through hypnotic suggestions while the other is a “hidden observer”. His findings help us understand how our subconscious can affect our conscious, as patients who were suggested to be in pain subconsciously felt like they were and then later reported pain.
Leyad Abdirizak
Name of individual
Approach/School: Functionalism
Impact: 40/50
Scientific Method: 35/50
Ethics: 10/25
Inclusivity: 12/25
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Year of Birth: 1927 Place: Bronxville, New York
Why do we study them? Kohlberg studied the moral development of children. He found stages in the cognitive moral awareness children gain in tricky moral scenarios.
Steven Noonan
Carl Jung
Approach/School: Analytical Psychology/Philosophy
Impact: _45_/50
Scientific Method: _10_/50
Ethics: _15_/25
Inclusivity: _20_/25
Year of Birth: 1875 Place: Kesswil, Switzerland
Why do we study them?
We study his work because he studied the human experiences and what they think of the world. This helps us understand why some humans love the world they live in and some hate it.
London Pavao
Judith Langlois
Approach/School: Social Cognition
Impact: 38/50
Scientific Method: 35/50
Ethics: 25/25
Inclusivity: 25/25
Year of Birth: 1947 Place:Texas
Why do we study them? She contributed to the understanding of child development, social perception, and the impact of physical attractiveness on our lives. Her reasearch specifically she’d light on how children develop socially and cognitively, and how physical appearance affects social interactions and stereotype. Attractive faces take less work to process than unattractive ones. The phenomenon may explain why we associate positive attributes with beauty.
Hannah Brouady
Elizabeth Loftus Ria Gandhi
Approach/School: cognitive psychologist
Impact: 40/50
Scientific Method: 45/50
Ethics: 15/25
Inclusivity: 23/25
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Year of Birth: 1944 Place: Los Angeles, CA
Why do we study them?
Elizabeth loftus is best known for her research with false memories and we study her because of her findings within human memories. She found that memories can be created by things that we are told and how ideas, suggestions, or facts can modify our past memories.
Konrad Lorenz
Approach/School: Ethology
Impact: _41__/50
Scientific Method: _48__/50
Ethics: _0__/25
Inclusivity: _25__/25
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Year of Birth: 1903 Place: Austria-Hungary
Why do we study them?
Konrad Lorenz is regarded as the father of ethology. Although he did not discover imprinting, his theories of how animal/human behavior develop based on natural selection still hold much influence. Some controversies from mild to extreme: sided with nature in nature v nurture debate; justified Nazi eugenics through dysgenics + urbanization theory based on studies of wild and domestic geese.
Jaehyo Sul
Abraham Maslow
Approach/School: Behaviorism/Humanism
Impact: 50/50
Scientific Method: 10/50
Ethics: 25/25
Inclusivity: 0/25
Year of Birth: 1908 Place: Brooklyn, NY
He developed the concept of self-actualization, hierarchy of needs, and Journal of Humanistic Psychology that contributed largely to the rise of humanistic psych and are still credited today and contributed largely to the rise of humanistic psych.
Emerson Waisnor
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross
Approach/School: Near-death studies
Impact: 45/50
Scientific Method: 40/50
Ethics: 23/25
Inclusivity: 22/25
Year of Birth: 1926 Place: Zürich, Switzerland
Why do we study them?
Elizabeth was a key factor in the research in the field of psychiatry and near-death studies. She is best known for her book “On Death and Dying” where she discussed the five stages of grief. This model is also known as the “Kübler-Ross model”, which you may be familiar with. Her work revolutionized the care of the terminally ill and changed the attitude to pain control and death in general.
Parker Meyers
Stanley Milgram
Approach/School: Social Psychology
Impact: 44/50
Scientific Method: 42/50
Ethics: 10/25
Inclusivity: 7/25
Year of Birth: 1933 Place: New York, USA
Why do we study them?
Stanley Milgram studied mainly authority and obedience, and is best known for the Milgram Experiment, where he had an authority figure tell subjects to administer high voltage shocks that they believed would harm the person receiving them. What the subjects did not know is that these shocks were fake, which led to ethical concerns regarding lying to subjects and giving them psychological damage. Although he was sccientific in his approach by repeating and altering his experiment numerous times, he tested mainly on white male adults, and didn’t study authority and obedience in children and women. His work has had plenty of influence in the field of psychology and is frequently referenced today.
Charles Desmond
Jean Piaget
Approach/School: Piagetian constructivist
Impact: 43/50
Scientific Method: 45/50
Ethics: 17/25
Inclusivity: 10/25
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Year of Birth: 1896 Place: Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Why do we study them?
Piaget’s theories allow us to better comprehend the developmental stages of children by offering insightful explanations of how children’s of how childrens cognitive abilities change as they mature. His ideas have also had a significant impact on educational practices. Teachers use his insights to design their curriculum appropriate to the students ages. They also use different teaching methods that align with the cognitive abilities of students at different developmental stages.
James Ellis
Carl Rogers
Approach/School: psychotherapy (person centered therapy)
Impact: 45/50
Scientific Method: 25/50
Ethics: 22/25
Inclusivity: 15/25
Year of Birth: 1908 Place: Oak Park, Illinois
Why do we study them?
Lily Passaretta
Carl Rogers was best known for being one of the founders of humanistic psychology and developing person centered therapy which shifted the focus from the therapists interpretations to the clients experiences and self exploration. His main focuses were on empathy, respect and the individual and his ideas still influence therapy, counseling and education.
Benjamin Lee Whorf
Approach/School: Languages
Impact: 42/50
Scientific Method: __35_/50
Ethics: 20/25
Inclusivity: 10/25
Year of Birth: 1897 Place: Winthrop, MA
Why do we study them?
Whorf Made the claim that if people speak a different language, it changes how they perceive reality. He concluded, after his natural observation on the Hopi tribe in Arizona. He noticed that they followed by a different timeframe then the European culture did. This proved his hypothesis and he and his mentor, Edward Sapir, became know for the “Sapir-Whorf hypothesis”.
Michael DiPietro
G. Stanley Hall
Approach/School: recapitulation
Impact: _45__/50
Scientific Method: _42__/50
Ethics: _22__/25
Inclusivity: __23_/25
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Year of Birth: 1844 Place: Ashfield Massachusetts
Why do we study them?
His theory was known as the recapitulation theory, he studied the facts that humans replicate their behaviors of their evolutionary ancestors. His teaching method was Questionnaire method, which was a series of questions about the study to get better knowledge if the concept. He was the first American to earn a PhD in psychology. Chloe flaherty
Hermann Rorschach
Approach/School: Personality Theorist
Impact: 30/50
Scientific Method: 23/50
Ethics: 23/25
Inclusivity: 18/25
Year of Birth: 1884 Place: Zürich, Switzerland
Why do we study them?
The Rorschach blot test which Hermann Rorschach created is one of the most iconic symbols of the field of psychology. In addition, the test is still in use today, despite evidence of it being unreliable in many situations.
Alex Murray
David Rosenhan
Approach/School: Psychoanalytic / Psychodynamic
Impact: 40/50
Scientific Method: 40/50
Ethics: 5/25
Inclusivity: 5/25
Year of Birth: 1929 Place: Jersey City, New Jersey
Why do we study them? We study Rosenhan because of his paper and experiment with sanity and insanity. He mentions that diagnoses are often not reliable and that we cannot distinguish insanity from sanity. Ava Schenck-Davis
Robert Rosenthal
Approach/School: Social Psychology
Impact: 42/50
Scientific Method: 29/50
Ethics: 12/25
Inclusivity: 11/25
Year of Birth: 1933 Place: Germany
Why do we study them? Robert Rosenthal led important research into experimenter bias and self fulfilling prophecy. He studied classrooms to hypothesize how if teachers rewarded their students, would their students do better. It led to the development of the double-blind studies in the social and biomedical sciences. It challenged researchers to focus on how body language and tone can influence student performance.
Shefali Bakre
Martin Seligman
Approach/School: Positive Psychology
Impact: _40__/50
Scientific Method: __40_/50
Ethics: _20__/25
Inclusivity: _15__/25
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Year of Birth: 1942 Place: Pennsylvania
Why do we study them? Seligman coined the term/studied the idea of “learned helplessness” and its connection to depression. Additionally, Seligman is one of the most often cited psychologists.
Cole Kipphut
Hans Selye
Approach/School: Physiology
Impact: 45/50
Scientific Method: 35/50
Ethics: 9/25
Inclusivity: 15/25
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Year of Birth: 1907 Place: Vienna, Austria
Why do we study them? Selye is known as the “father of stress research”. He was the first scientist to identify “stress” as supporting signs and symptoms of illness. He found that over time resistance to stress caused the body to become exhausted. This resulted in the body being more prone to diseases, chronic fatigue, and even a shorter life. Selye identified that there are three responses of stress; alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This lead to his stress response theory and discovering General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) .
Julia DiRienzo
Stanley Schachter
Approach/School: Cognitive
Impact: 55/50
Scientific Method: 40/50
Ethics: 3/25
Inclusivity: 15/25
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Year of Birth: 1922 Place: Flushing, New York
Why do we study them? Proposed the two-factor theory, which states that to be able to feel emotions your brain has to experience two factors: physiological arousal (determines strength of emotions) and cognitive appraisal (identify said emotions)
Nina suchanya Samutchotchuang
B. F. Skinner
Approach/School: Behavioral Psychology
Impact: 45/50
Scientific Method: 49/50
Ethics: 10/25
Inclusivity: 7/25
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Year of Birth: 1904 Place: Susquehanna, PA
Why are they Tops? B.F. Skinner, also known as the father of behaviorism, was an influential figure in which he showed the process of conditioning with rewards and punishments, more known as the principle of reinforcement using rats and pigeons. He got his phD at Harvard, later becoming a professor and getting a building named after him.
Maanasa Vishnumalakala
Approach/School:Cognitive psychology
Impact: 40/50
Scientific Method: 25/50
Ethics: 5/25
Inclusivity: 20/25
Year of Birth: 1934 Place: East Meadow, New York
Why are they Tops? George Sperling experimented a method of measuring visual persistence duration. George proved this by showing participants a series of 9 letters for a short amount of time and then asked them to recall the letters. Sperling believed that all nine letters were stored in the viewer's memory for a short period of time, but the memory failed leading to only 4 or 5 being recalled. The theory was called this iconic memory.
George sperling
Shea McDonald
Roger Sperry
Approach/School:Biological
Impact: 42/50
Scientific Method: 45/50
Ethics: 12/25
Inclusivity: 19/25
Year of Birth: 1913 Place: Hartford, Ct
Why are they Tops?
Roger Sperry is tops because he furthered our understanding of the human brain and how the 2 hemispheres work differently from each other and also studied the effects of nerves in the brain and around the body.
Ryan Marcassoli
William and Virginia Masters
Approach/School: Behaviourism
Impact: 45/50
Scientific Method: 40/50
Ethics: 15/25
Inclusivity: 10/25
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Year of Birth: 1915 and 1925 Place: Cleveland, OH and Springfield, MO
Why are they Tops?
William and Virginia Masters are tops because of their research in human sexual responses as well as creating therapeutic approaches to help sexual dysfunction.
Josh Pupa
Robert Sternberg
By Evan Johnson
Approach/School: Cognitive psychology
Impact: _40_/50
Scientific Method: _35_/50
Ethics: _24_/25
Inclusivity: _25_/25
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Year of Birth: 1949 (74) Place: Newark, NJ
Why are they Tops?
Robert Sternberg is a top because he has purposed a new way of think that affects how we refer to cognition. He say that there are three types of cognition that people are affected by instead of the one prior studies focused on. The three types are practical, creative, and analytical. This has revised what many have thought to be true about the human cognition. This can be measured by his Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test or STAT.
Lev Vygotsky
Approach/School: Sociocultural Psychology
Impact: _41_/50
Scientific Method: _19_/50
Ethics: _24_/25
Inclusivity: _23_/25
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Year of Birth: 1896 Place: Orsha, Russia
Why are they Tops? Lev Vygotsky made very significant contributions to child development, educational philosophy, and also developmental psychology. His argument was that sociocultural interactions and shared knowledge through internalization of culture results in higher thinking development. He conducted much extensive research, discovering how play serves a huge role in learning in children. Despite his work being banned in Russia; after his death theories and ideas were brought into classrooms and applied to children’s learning. Many books have been published since his death in reference to his work, and he’s very respected for his work.
By Camilla Pelayo
John Watson
Approach/School: behaviorism
Impact: 47/50
Scientific Method: 45/50
Ethics: 7/25
Inclusivity: 14/25
Year of Birth: January 9th, 1878 Place: Travelers Rest, SC
Why do we study them? Watson created behaviorism, a foundational methodology in psychology that lay the foundation from teaching to training in the modern day. Watson also introduced conditioning and behavior modification and develop new behaviors. This is most widely known through his experiment, Little Albert, that conditioned a boy who was unafraid of white mice to become afraid.
Shreya Iyer
Ernst Weber
Approach/School: Perception
Impact: 48/50
Scientific Method: 45/50
Ethics: 13/25
Inclusivity: 5/25
Year of Birth: 1795 Place: Wittenberg, Germany
Why are they Tops? He conducted the first study at JND. From his studies, he came up with Weber’s Law, to perceive the difference between two stimuli, the amount should be a constant proportion not a constant amount. It was considered the foundation of experimental psychology.
Archi Patel
Wilhelm Wundt
Approach/School:structuralism
Impact: 49/50
Scientific Method: 45/50
Ethics: 25/25
Inclusivity: 16/25
Year of Birth: 1832 Place: Mannheim, Germany
Renee LeComte
Wilhelm Wundt is known as the founder of psychology as a formal science, as he created the first research laboratory dedicated to psychology. Wundt sought to study mental processes by recording thoughts and sensations, then to analyze these components into elements, using introspection.
Philip Zimbardo
Approach/School: Social Psychology
Impact: 35/50
Scientific Method: 15/50
Ethics: 5/25
Inclusivity: 3/25
Year of Birth: 1933 Place: New York, New York
Why are they Tops?
Zimbardo was a psychology professor at Stanford University for 40 years. There, he conducted one of the most notable psychological experiments known as the Stanford prison experiment in 1971; he concluded that good people can quickly turn to evil when society forces expectations upon them.
Ella Woods
Solomon Asch
Approach/School: Social Psychology
Impact: 40/50
Scientific Method: 45/50
Ethics: 15/25
Inclusivity: 15/25
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Year of Birth: 1907 Place: Warsaw, Poland
Why do we study them? Solomon Asch is famous for his research in social psychology, specifically concerning conformity. He is best known for his 1951 experiments where he was able to demonstrate the social conformity bias, which was massively influential.
Nick Magnarelli