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Chapter 21

Lesson 2

Moving to the City

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The Rise of Cities

  • 1870-¼ lived in cities
  • 1910 - ½ lived in urban area
  • Immigrants played big part in growth of cities
    • 80% in large cities
  • Fewer people needed to farm
  • Blacks moved north for work

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Transportation and Resources

Help Cities Grow

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  • Railroads fed city growth
  • Chicago and Kansas city were meatpacking centers
    • Railroads brought cattle
  • Iron ore and coal helped Pittsburgh grow
  • New York and San Francisco - trade centers

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Life in a Tenement

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  • Poorest people in cities lived in tenements
  • Apartment building in the slums
    • Poorest part of town
  • Crowded
  • Several families sharing a sink and toilet
  • Generally filthy

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The Growth of the

Middle Class

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  • Cities had growing middle class
  • Doctors, lawyers, ministers, teachers, managers, etc.
  • Streetcars allowed some middle class to move to suburbs
  • Houses with hot water, indoor toilets
  • Electricity by 1900
  • Leisure time
    • Art, music, literature

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The Very Rich

  • Built mansions in the city and huge estates in the country
  • Called the Gilded Age
    • Gilded - something covered with a thin layer of gold
    • Mark Twain
    • Wealth covered the poverty underneath

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Troubles in the Cities

  • Rapid growth of cities led to problems
  • Garbage, horse manure
    • Disease breeding ground
  • Schools screened children for disease, health clinics
  • Poverty led to crime, gangs
  • Settlement houses
    • Hull House - Jane Addams

Jane Addams

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The Changing City

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  • Building to the Sky
    • Skyscrapers, bridges, public transportation, parks
  • Iron used in construction
  • Elevator - Elisha Otis

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Finding Beauty in City Life

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  • “City beautiful” movement
    • Bring nature to city
  • Fredrick Olmstead
    • New York’s Central Park
    • Parks in Boston, California
    • World’s Fair in Chicago - 1892

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Modern Forms of

Transportation

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  • 1873-San Francisco - cable car lines
  • Trolley cars
  • 1897-Boston-first subway
  • 1904 - New York - largest subway in world

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Bridges and Transportation

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  • Huge steel bridges over rivers in cities
  • Eads Bridge in St. Louis
    • Over Mississippi
  • Brooklyn Bridge - 1600 ft
  • Suburbs developed
    • Easy travel to work

Brooklyn Bridge