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Imperialism in the Pacific

Chapter 23

Lesson 2

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Hawaii and the United States

  • American merchants wanted to trade in Pacific
  • Secretary of State arranged to acquire Midway islands
    • Stopping place for ships to China
  • Needed more Pacific islands

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A Growing American Presence

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  • Hawaii 2,000 miles west of California
  • Trade began in 1790s
  • Christian missionaries
  • American whalers settled there
  • Sugarcane planted in 1830s
  • Over time, American sugar interests took control of land and businesses

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American Planters Revolt

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  • 1891 Queen Liliuokalani became Hawaii’s ruler
  • Wanted native Hawaiians to take control back
  • American planters forced Liliuokalani from power
  • Set up provisional government in 1893

Queen Liliuokalani

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The United States

Annexes Hawaii

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  • Provisional government asked U.S. to annex
  • Most Hawaiians against annexation
  • President Harrison signed off
  • Senate failed to ratify
  • President Cleveland withdrew annexation treaty
    • Called it “disgraceful” and “violation of national honesty”
  • Mckinley would approve annexation in 1900

Grover Cleveland

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Samoa

  • 3,000 miles south of Hawaii
  • Allowed U.S. to build naval at Pago Pago
  • Granted U.S. trading rights
  • U.S., Great Britain, Germany divided Samoa in 1899
  • U.S. quickly annexed its portion

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An Open Door to China

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  • Pacific islands were a stepping stone to China
  • China was weakened by war and lacked industry
  • Did not have the ability to resist foreign powers that wanted to access to resources and markets

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Rivalries in China

  • By late 1890s, Japan and Europe had spheres of influence in China
    • Sections of special rights and powers
  • Caused rise in tensions between the countries
  • Contributed to World War I

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Hay’s Open Door

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  • Competition in China caused worry in U.S.
    • Feared being left out
  • Secretary of State John Hay proposed “open door”
    • Every country had right to trade everywhere
  • Others did not accept at first

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The Boxer Rebellion

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  • 1899-secret society called Boxers rose up against “foreign devils”
  • Violent and deadly clashes
  • Foreign troops put down rebellion
  • Led to Open Door policy that stressed China’s independence

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Relations with Japan

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  • Japan was eager to extend power in Asia
    • Ignored Open Door
  • Clashed with Russia over Manchuria
  • 1904 - Russo-Japanese War

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Treaty of Portsmouth

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  • President Roosevelt met with Russian and Japanese leaders
  • Treaty settled the conflict
  • Japan continued to build up navy
  • Challenged U.S. for Pacific dominance

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Strained Relations

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  • Many Japanese lived in U.S. facing discrimination
  • T.R. limited flow of Japanese immigrants
    • Japan resented
  • T.R. sent “Great White Fleet” - 16 battleships around the world
    • Show of force