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Chemical

Reactions!

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Anatomy of a Chemical Equation

Flour Eggs Milk

+ +

Pancakes

→

And

(reacts with)

Produces

(s)

(aq)

(s)

State of matter

(l) = liquid

(s) = solid

(g) = gas

(aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water)

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Rust

  • Solid Iron reacts with oxygen (O2) in air to make solid iron II oxide (FeO)

Fe(s) + O2(g) → FeO(s)

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Hydrolysis

  • Water is zapped with electricity to make hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases

H2O(l) → O2(g) + H2(g)

electricity

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Balancing Equations

LOCM states that Matter cannot be created or destroyed

∴Have to end with the same stuff you start with

Add numbers to the FRONT to make the atoms even out

  1. Write all elements/ions under the arrow
  2. Count # on each side
  3. As you change coefficients, change the #s below the arrow
  4. Hints:
    1. Do odd #s first
    2. Keep Polyatomics together
    3. Save atoms that split up (usually O or H) for last

​

Never touch subscripts!

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____ NO2 +____O2 → ____NO3

​

​

​

_____ Cu2O3 + ____ H2 → _____ Cu + _____H2O

​

​

​

__ Na(OH) + __H3(PO4) → __ Na3(PO4) +__ H(OH)

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____ NO2 +____O2 → ____NO3

​

​

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____ Cu2O3 + ___ H2 → ____ Cu + ___H2O

​

​

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__ Na(OH) + __H3(PO4) → __ Na3(PO4) +__ H(OH)

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pHet

Practice Balancing!

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Warm-up Balancing

Balance these equations on a whiteboard:

  1. ___ K + ___ H(OH) → ___ K(OH) + ___H2
  2. ___ Na(NO3) + ___ CuO → ___ Na2O + __ Cu(NO3)2
  3. ___ N2 + ___ Br2 → ___ NBr3

2 2 2 1

2 1 1 1

1 3 2

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Universal Indicator

HCl

H2(SO4)

H(C2H3O2)

​

​

NaCl

BaCl2

HOH

​

Ba(OH)2

Na(OH)

K(OH)

Na(HCO3)

Ba(CO3)

Start with H

End with -OH or -CO3

C= weak

C= weak

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Try this in your packet!

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Elements that exist in 2s

Take the next 5 minutes to finish and submit your Rockets Lab

Then, you just need your unit packet and blue packet today

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Reaction Types

  • There are 5 main types of reactions:
    • Combination/Synthesis
    • Decomposition
    • Single replacement
    • Double replacement

​

(1) Make 4 boxes on your whiteboard- one for each reaction type

(2) Sort the reaction slips into their reaction types

You’re just guessing at this point…

    • Combustion

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Reaction Types

  • There are 5 main types of reactions:
    • Combination/Synthesis
    • Decomposition
    • Single replacement
    • Double replacement

​

    • Combustion

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#1: Combination

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#1: Combination

Lithium + chlorine →

Li + Cl2 → LiCl

Lithium chloride

2

2

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#2 Decomposition

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#2: Decomposition

sodium chloride →

NaCl → Na + Cl2

sodium + chlorine

2

2

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#3: Single replacement

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#3: Single replacement

sodium chloride + lithium →

sodium + lithium chloride

NaCl + Li → Na + LiCl

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#4: Double Replacement

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#4: Double replacement

sodium chloride + lithium fluoride→

sodium fluoride + lithium chloride

NaCl + LiF→ NaF + LiCl

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#5: Combustion

any hydrocarbon + oxygen→

carbon dioxide + water

C2H4(g) + 3O2(g)→ 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

heat

heat

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What type is this?

Combination

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What type is this?

Single Replacement

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Try this!

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What Type is This?��Magnesium + silver nitrate →

Single Replacement

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What Type is This?

�Nitrogen Triiodide →

Decomposition

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What Type is This?��Sodium + Chlorine→

Combination

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Try this in your packet!

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Steps to Predicting Products

  1. Determine the Rxn Type
  2. ID metal + nonmetal
  3. Switch common ions & put stuff together
  4. Check if formula is correct
    • Compound = Swap ‘n drop
    • Element = Diatomic?
  5. Balance!
  6. Add the states of matter
  7. Confirm with observations!

Now, try this with a few demos!

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Gas Tests

CO2

O2

H2

limewater= cloudy

U.I.= orange

flame grows

flame= POP

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Reaction Demos!