Rare Geological Objects of the Western Caspian coast of the Republic of Azerbaijan �

Sevinc Humbatova

Baku State University

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Rare Geological Object

• It was formed naturally, as a result of geological processes, distinguished from other objects by its material composition, unusual shape, color, aesthetic and spiritual beauty, scientific and historical importance, and at the same time, it is important in the field of tourism (geotourism, ecotourism, etc.), recreation objects that can be called Rare Geological Objects (RGO) or geological natural monuments.

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Rare Geological Object –

Yardimli Waterfall, hydrological monument of republican importance

• The conditions taken as the basis for conducting such a classification were, first of all, the formation of objects as a result of geological processes and their rarity, the similarity of rarity, origin, and shape, and finally, whether the object is useful as a recreation object or not. The classification of RGOs into ranks (status) is based on the principles of their scientific and empirical importance and worldwide unrepeatability.

Cosmogenic Rare geological object: Yardimli (Arus) meteorite / Characteristics: celestial body, status: World importance

Classification, ranks and categories of RGOs

• Classification of RGOs by types is one of the main conditions for the preparation of a program for their protection and use. Thus, each object has its own geological, geomorphological, etc. characteristics, and their protection and use are carried out taking into account this diversity. Known and newly discovered RGOs in the Western Caspian part of the Republic of Azerbaijan are divided into the following classification, categories, and ranks according to some similar characteristics and types.
• The following table lists the classification, ranks, and categories of RGOs in the Western Caspian part of the Republic of Azerbaijan

Classification table of Rare Geological Objects of the Western Caspian coast of the Republic of Azerbaijan

1. Hydrogeological-hydrological (springs, waterfalls, lakes, rivers) World Landscape (forest, soil, etc. covers)

2. Geomorphological (structure, sculptural relief forms, etc.) International Geological (paleontological, stratigraphic, tectonic)

3. Tectonic (landslides, etc.) Republic Geomorphological (various landforms, karst cavities)

4. Mineralogical (interesting deposits and manifestations) Region Water (springs, waterfalls, lakes, rivers)

5. Petrographic (teshenites, etc.) Local Historical-physical-nature (national parks, nature reserves, etc.)

6. Karstological (cavities in carbonate rocks)

7. Volcanic (mud volcanoes)

8. Paleontological (faunal graves)

9. Cosmogen (meteorite)

10. Mountain-geological (balneological recreation complexes)

11. Combustible gas (methane, etc. gas manifestations)

12. Historical-natural-nature reserves

13. Natural geological openings

Table of classification, ranks and categories of Rare Geological Objects (RGO)

Rare Geological Objects in Western Caspian, Azerbaijan�

• UNESCO world heritage
• Gobustan National Historical-Artistic Reserve is a reserve where a complex of archaeological monuments is protected in the territory of Azerbaijan, near Baku. The reserve is located in Gobustan settlement of Garadagh district, 55 km (65 km by road) from the capital Baku. A museum also operates here. The reserve mainly exhibits Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) monuments.

Mossy waterfall in Gakh�

Balneology

• Volcanic mud is widespread in Azerbaijan. The advantage of volcanic mud compared to the mud on the ground is the uniqueness of its composition: it consists of crushed, rocky, soft clay mass, only its own mineral compounds, organic matter, biological active components, and a special therapeutic effect.

History of nature

The earliest finds are fragments of ichthyosaur an excavation found on the right bank of Gilgal in the village of Kariblik in Devechi.

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Khojavand district - Beyuk Taglar village and Azikh cave