Evangelism Using God’s Creation�August – October 2026�
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Evangelism Using God’s Creation
Romans 1:20
For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse
Evangelism Using God’s Creation
John 3:12
If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things?
Evangelism Using God’s Creation
Acts 17:23-24
23for as I was passing through and considering the objects of your worship, I even found an altar with this inscription:
TO THE UNKNOWN GOD.
Therefore, the One whom you worship without knowing, Him I proclaim to you: 24God, who made the world and everything in it, since He is Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in temples made with hands.
Class Will Include at Least One Field Trip
Initial Observations
The idea that the universe and everything in it simply made itself is strongly refuted by true science.
True science is the Christian’s friend.
God has given us tremendous evidence that we should put our faith in Him. But He also lets it be our choice!
The Fact that We Can Choose Tells Us How We Should Choose!
If we were purely material, i.e. a complex assembly of several thousand trillion, trillion atoms, we could not make choices.
The only way any of us can make even the simplest choice is because we are not simply “material.” God has given us a soul (Genesis 1-2).
Atheists also Realize that Atheism Does Not Allow for Free Will
William B. Provine
“There is no ultimate foundation for ethics, no ultimate meaning in life, and no free will for humans, either.”
Francis Crick
“...your sense of personal identity and free will, are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells...”
Robert Sapolsky
“There’s no God, there’s no free will, there’s no purpose to anything.”
Susan Blackmore
“There is no stream of consciousness. There is no conscious self. There is no free will.”
Science
the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained. (Google’s English dictionary provided by Oxford Languages)
The Origin and Evolution of Life�
Question:
Is it “scientific” to believe that something happened spontaneously (life arising from non-life) that we have been unable to duplicate given our best laboratories, our smartest scientists, and virtually unlimited financial resources?
All Attempts to Show DNA, RNA, or Proteins Could Spontaneously Assemble Have Failed
Recent sample return missions confirm racemic (useless for life) mixtures of amino acids found in space
“The team found equal parts left-handedness and right-handedness in their OSIRIS-REx samples, referred to as a "racemic" mixture.”
"I have to admit, I was a little disillusioned or disappointed," Glavin said. "I felt like this had invalidated 20 years of research in our lab and my career. But I mean, here's the thing: This is exactly why we explore. This is why we do these missions, right? If we knew everything in advance, we wouldn't need to do an OSIRIS REx to bring these samples back."
Sir Frederick Hoyle
(David Purchase, Creative Commons)
“The likelihood of the formation of life from inanimate matter is one to a number with 40 thousand naughts [zeroes] after it. It is enough to bury Darwin and the whole theory of evolution. There was no primeval soup, neither on this planet nor on any other, and if the beginnings of life were not random they must therefore have been the product of purposeful intelligence.”
Sir Frederick Hoyle, author of Evolution from Space, quoted in Nature, 1981
Scientists Recognize the Impossibility of Life Creating Itself from Non-Living Material, and Advances in Science have only made the “Problem” Worse!
Scientists Recognize the Impossibility of Life Creating Itself from Simple Chemicals, and Advances in Science have made the “Problem” Worse!
Carl Sagan:
“Well, it is clear that one could randomly assemble all the elementary particles in the universe a billion times a second for the age of the universe and never get this protein” (commenting on the 1 in 10130 odds of the random formation of a single protein).
Ironically, a few sentences later Sagan goes on to say “There is no doubt about the fact of evolution, but there are still sizable questions on the mechanics of the evolutionary process.”
Sagan, 1973, Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence, pg 46, MIT Press
Carl Sagan
(University of Mount Union, Creative Commons)
The Idea that Life Could Simply Make Itself Has Been Disproven by True Science
The Idea that Life Could Simply Make Itself Has Been Disproven by True Science
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
Evangelism Using God’s Creation�(12 Aug 2026)
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Creation Museum / Ark Encounter�August 28-30
God gives us the ability to choose. Why would anyone then choose to reject God?
Romans 15:4
For whatever things were written before were written for our learning, that we through the patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope.
Ecclesiastes 1:9
That which has been is what will be,�That which is done is what will be done,�And there is nothing new under the sun.
We are Under Spiritual Attack
1 Peter 5:8-9
Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil walks about like a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour. 9 Resist him, steadfast in the faith, knowing that the same sufferings are experienced by your brotherhood in the world.
Influential / intelligent people can be deceived into making poor choices.
1 Kings 18:19
19 “Now therefore, send and gather all Israel to me on Mount Carmel, the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal, and the four hundred prophets of Asherah, who eat at Jezebel’s table.”
Many of the most influential people in Israel promoted worship of Baal and Asherah.
Many of the most influential people (and institutions) in the world today promote atheism and evolution.
Does it make sense to cut a log in two, use half of it to bake bread and roast meat, and then use the other half to make an idol that one pretends is a god who can deliver them (Isaiah 44:15-20)?
Does it make sense to teach as “fact” that something happened spontaneously (life arising from non-life) that we have been unable to duplicate given our best laboratories, our smartest scientists, and virtually unlimited financial resources?
People throughout history have become confused and led astray.
1 Kings 18:21
And Elijah came to all the people, and said, “How long will you falter between two opinions? If the Lord is God, follow Him; but if Baal, follow him.” But the people answered him not a word.
God always provides tremendous evidence that we should put our faith in Him!
1 Kings 18:38-39
Then the fire of the Lord fell and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood and the stones and the dust, and it licked up the water that was in the trench. 39Now when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces; and they said, “The Lord, He is God! The Lord, He is God!”
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Human Life on Mars
At the end of 1907 the Wall Street Journal reported that the most extraordinary event of the past 12 months was the “proof afforded by astronomical observations...that conscious, intelligent human life exists upon the planet Mars”
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Human Life on Mars
Idea of humans on Mars continued to be reinforced. Article by E.C. Slipher in May,1915 edition of The American Museum Journal (Published by the American Museum of Natural History in New York) stated
“Dr. Lowell believes that the numerous linelike markings seen there are those of vegetation growing by an enforcedly constructed irrigation system. Two significant facts found by observation support his theory: first, the marked geometric directness of the lines — no natural causes can account for them; second, the characteristic manner in which they develop with the seasons and the melting of the snow-caps.”
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Human Life on Mars
How could anyone disagree with this “scientific” proof?
Percival Lowell –
Harvard University graduate, fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Wealthy - sent well equipped team of engineers and astronomers to Atacama desert in 1907 to observe canals.
French Academy of Science and others convinced that Martian civilization was an established fact.
Many influential people believed in evolution - life expected to be common throughout the solar system and universe.
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Human Life on Mars
If the Wall Street Journal was correct, what would have been some of the Biblical implications?
1. Why did Jesus come to earth to die if God also created humans on Mars? Are Martian humans sinless? If they are sinless, why are they going to be destroyed with the rest of the universe?
2. Why didn’t God tell us that he had also created humans on Mars?
3. If humans were created on earth and then traveled from earth to Mars, why is there no evidence of their technology? If the trip occurred pre-flood, does that mean it is possible for humans to avoid God’s judgment?
Assumed Contradictions with the Bible Resolved by Advances in True Science
Collier’s April 30, 1954
Disney 1957
Mariner 4, 1965
Viking, 1978
Belief that “higher life forms” existed on Mars was widespread through the 1950s.
Not fully disproven until 1965, six decades after popularized by Lowell and others.
Perseverance Rover / Ingenuity Helicopter, 2021
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Life Throughout the Universe
“When we take account of realistic uncertainty, replacing point estimates by probability distributions that reflect current scientific understanding, we find no reason to be highly confident that the galaxy (or observable universe) contains other civilizations, and thus no longer find our observations in conflict with our prior probabilities.”
Sandberg et al., Oxford University, June 8, 2018.
Related story https://www.space.com/41080-alien-life-may-be-rare-today.html
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Life Throughout the Universe
“We found qualitatively similar results through two different methods: using the authors’ assessments of current scientific knowledge bearing on key parameters, and using the divergent estimates of these parameters in the astrobiology literature as a proxy for current scientific uncertainty.”
Sandberg et al., Oxford University, June 8, 2018.
Related story https://www.space.com/41080-alien-life-may-be-rare-today.html
False Assumptions Drove Belief in Intelligent Life Throughout the Universe
When we update this prior in light of the Fermi observation, we find a substantial probability that we are alone in our galaxy, and perhaps even in our observable universe (53%–99.6% and 39%–85% respectively). ’Where are they?’ — probably extremely far away, and quite possibly beyond the cosmological horizon and forever unreachable.
Sandberg et al., Oxford University, June 8, 2018.
Related story https://www.space.com/41080-alien-life-may-be-rare-today.html
“Alone in the Universe” Completely Consistent with the Bible
Genesis 1:26-27
26 Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the cattle and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” 27 God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.
Where did the Genetic Information in God’s Creation come from?
Biblical Creation:
Given a complete encyclopedia, write a sentence about butterflies.
Atheistic Evolution:
Given a sentence about butterflies, write a complete encyclopedia.
True Science Shows Opposite of Evolution is Occurring. Information is Being Lost from the Genome, not Gained
Microevolution Does Not Produce New Genetic Information
From Biology: Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1998, pp 181-183
Typica Form
Carbonaria Form
Peppered Moths
Example: Bacteria Developing Resistance to Antibiotics can be Either Neutral or the Opposite of Evolution
1. Information to resist the antibiotic already in the bacterial population.
2. Plasmid Transfer: one germ inserts a tiny tube into another, and a small loop of DNA called a ‘plasmid’ transfers from one to another.
3. Mutation: Loss of a control gene may enhance resistance to penicillin (excessive production of penicillinase ). Mutation that reduces efficiency of bacteria’s chemical pumping mechanism can reduce uptake of antibiotic and provide “resistance.”
Selective Breeding (Developing New Breeds of Animals) is the Opposite of Evolution
New breeds represent the selection of specific traits from existing genetic information.
The information for undesired traits is removed.
Selective breeding reduces available genetic information, and is actually the opposite of evolution.
Genomic Selection
The Idea that “Simple” Life Could Evolve Into More Complex Life Forms Goes Against Science
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
Evangelism Using God’s Creation�(19 August 2026)�
44
Creation Museum / Ark Encounter�August 28-30
Always Be Prepared to Give a Defense
1 Peter 3:13-15
13And who is he who will harm you if you become followers of what is good? 14But even if you should suffer for righteousness’ sake, you are blessed. “And do not be afraid of their threats, nor be troubled.” 15But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and always be ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear;
Speak the Truth in Love
Ephesians 4:14-15
As a result, we are no longer to be children, tossed here and there by waves and carried about by every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, by craftiness in deceitful scheming; 15 but speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in all aspects into Him who is the head, even Christ,
Our Struggle is not against People!
Ephesians 6:11-12
Put on the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand firm against the schemes of the devil. 12For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world forces of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places.
Two Views of Fossil Record – shows Evolution or shows Genesis 1-11
Evolution:
The Fossil Record is Very Consistent with the Biblical Account
Biblical Creation:
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
Evolution: “Transitional forms” represent the process of one kind of animal transitioning into another kind.
Biblical Creation: “Transitional forms” represent variation within a kind.
Are Yorkies, Beagles and German Shepherds all just dogs, or do they provide evidence for one kind of animal transitioning to another?
?
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence�
“I am also aware of the fact that, at least in my own subject of paleoanthropology, "theory" - heavily influenced by implicit ideas almost always dominates "data". ....Ideas that are totally unrelated to actual fossils have dominated theory building, which in turn strongly influence the way fossils are interpreted.”
Dr. David Pilbeam (paleoanthropologist), Ph.D. Yale University, presently Professor of Social Sciences at Harvard University and Curator of Paleontology at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Quoted in Darwin’s Enigma, Master Books, El Cajon, CA, pp. 88–90, 1988.
‘… I fully agree with your comments on the lack of direct illustration of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included them. You suggest that an artist should be used to visualize such transformations, but where would he get the information from? I could not, honestly, provide it, and if I were to leave it to artistic license, would that not mislead the reader?
Dr. Colin Patterson, Senior Paleontologist, British Museum of Natural History, questioned about his book “Evolution”. Personal communication; documented in: Luther Sunderland, Darwin’s Enigma, Master Books, El Cajon, CA, pp. 88–90, 1988.
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
Archaeoraptor (1999 – 2000):
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
Archaeoraptor (1999 – 2000) continued:
“The idea of feathered dinosaurs and the theropod origin of birds is being actively promulgated by a cadre of zealous scientists acting in concert with certain editors at Nature and National Geographic who themselves have become outspoken and highly biased proselytizers of the faith. Truth and careful scientific weighing of evidence have been among the first casualties in their program, which is now fast becoming one of the grander scientific hoaxes of our age — the paleontological equivalent of cold fusion.” 1
1. Storrs Olson, Curator of Birds at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC., Open letter to: Dr Peter Raven, Secretary, Committee for Research and Exploration, National Geographic Society, emphases added.
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
Unsubstantiated Assertion: “Feathers are modified reptilian scales” (in reading recommended by National Academy of Sciences’ “Teaching about Evolution and the Nature of Science” )
True Science:
Photos Courtesy David Menton
�Vague fossil evidence interpreted any way desired �
Nebraska Man (1922 – 1927):
Nebraska Man (1922-1927):
Tooth found February, 1922 in Western Nebraska. Declared “Human” by Dr Henry F. Osborn of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Announced to world in April. The Illustrated London News of 24 June 1922 published articles, illustrations, and ‘a pedigree of the human family’ drawn up by experts. Cited as “proof” of evolution during the Scopes trial of 1925.
In 1927 another tooth was found with bones – “Nebraska Man” was actually an extinct wild pig!
Claims that ape-like creatures turned into humans continue today��
The usual artistic license in reconstructing the fleshly features of 'apemen' from bones allows evolutionary bias enormous free rein. However, artists do not usually misrepresent the bones. This statue's feet and hands are simply wrong and mislead the public. Menton (Dr. David Menton, then Associate Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology at Washington University (MH)) cites evolutionary sources which show that creatures in this species had hands and feet which were 'not at all like human hands and feet; rather, they have long curved fingers and toes'—even more so than apes today that live mostly in the trees.
Claims that ape-like creatures turned into humans continue today�
Canadian school teacher David Buckna has weighed in on the debate by posting an Internet challenge to this 'misleading' statue. He says that if people visiting this exhibition were to see an accurate replica of Lucy in the trees, with features typical of tree–dwelling primates, it would make them question the whole notion of human evolution; Lucy would be seen as just some sort of extinct ape.
Bruce Carr, the zoo's director of education, has no plans to alter the exhibit. 'We cannot be updating every exhibit based on every new piece of evidence,' he says. 'What we look at is the overall exhibit and the impression it creates. We think that the overall impression this exhibit creates is correct.'
True Science Shows that “Lucy” is Merely an Extinct Ape�
Dr Menton points out that if Lucy's feet were accurately shown, it would be obvious they could never fit into the famous Laetoli fossil footprints. These are 'exhibit A' for evolutionary belief in upright walking by Lucy's kind, whereas in fact they are identical to bare-foot humans.
Professor Betsy Schumann, evolutionist expert at Menton's university, admits that the statue's feet 'probably are not accurate', but when asked whether the statue should be changed, she says, 'Absolutely not'.
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
Evangelism Using God’s Creation�(26 August 2026)�
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Some Improvement, but Poor Science of “Lucy” Continues Today
“The brown bones are casts of the parts of Lucy’s skeleton that were excavated. The black bones represent missing parts. They were filled in using mirror images of bones that were found, fossils from other individuals of Lucy’s species, and knowledge of human anatomy”
Note: Hip bones also deliberately altered to appear more “human.”
Some Improvement, but Poor Science of “Lucy” Continues Today
“Lucy’s species had compact feet that supported the body’s weight during upright walking. But look at the toe bones. They are longer and more curved than those of a modern human foot, more like those of tree-climbing apes.”
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence��
Note spotlight on foot, altered to look more “human” in spite of fossil evidence.
Note “human” facial expression.
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
Reconstruction of “Lucy” Based on Evidence�
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps Evolved from Common “Ape-Like” Ancestor
In 2018 an updated Chimpanzee genome was compiled (de novo assembly). As noted by Richard Buggs (University of London Evolutionary Geneticist) “The percentage of nucleotides in the human genome that had one-to-one exact matches in the Chimpanzee genome was 84.38%.
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps Evolved from Common “Ape-Like” Ancestor
Chromosome 2 Fusion Never Happened.
No satellite DNA at alleged fusion site (all other documented fusions have that); alleged fusion site only 798 DNA letters long (would expect 10,000 – 30,000);
Credit Institute of Creation Research (ICR), Jeffrey Tompkins
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps are Closely Related
Chromosome 2 Fusion Never Happened (2).
Alleged fusion site located inside a gene (DDX11L2 gene expressed in at least 255 cell and tissue types); Alleged fusion site is itself functional and serves an important engineered purpose. The site acts as a switch for controlling gene activity.
Credit Institute of Creation Research (ICR), Jeffrey Tompkins
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps Evolved from Common “Ape-Like” Ancestor
Chromosome 2 Fusion Never Happened (3).
Interstitial telomeres are found throughout the human genome – function related to gene expression. No viable evidence of extra centromere region.
Credit Institute of Creation Research (ICR), Jeffrey Tompkins
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps Evolved from Common “Ape-Like” Ancestor
Chromosome 2 Fusion Never Happened (4).
Alleged “fossil centromere” is located inside a gene (both intron and exon regions) that codes for amino acids in the resulting gene’s protein.
Credit Institute of Creation Research (ICR), Jeffrey Tompkins
Advances in True Science Debunking Idea that Humans and Chimps Evolved from Common “Ape-Like” Ancestor
Y Chromosomes Debunk Human Evolution
“If human evolution were true, the chimp and human Y chromosomes should be the most similar to each other in the genome, because they are the most stable, having the least variation. However, they are the most different of the chromosomes in the genome between humans and chimps.”
Chimps and Humans, Jeffrey P. Tomkins, 2021, pg 69. ISBN: 978-1-946246-35-6
The Paradigm One Chooses Can Affect Interpretation of Evidence
We All Get to Choose Where We Put Our Faith
Genesis 1:26-27
26Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” 27So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
Origin of the Universe�
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Our Struggle is Not Against People - In All Situations Speak the Truth in Love!
Ephesians 6:11-12
Put on the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand firm against the schemes of the devil. 12For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world forces of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places.
Bible Often Attacked on “Origin of the Universe”
1 Peter 3:14-16
14But even if you should suffer for righteousness’ sake, you are blessed. “And do not be afraid of their threats, nor be troubled.” 15But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and always be ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear; 16having a good conscience, that when they defame you as evildoers, those who revile your good conduct in Christ may be ashamed.
People Seeking the Truth also interested in “Origin of the Universe”
Example: How can we see light from stars that are millions of light years away from an earth that is < 10,000 years old? (1 light year = 5.88 trillion miles)
John 17:17
Sanctify them by Your truth. Your word is truth.
2 Timothy 3:16-17
All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, 17that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work.
Observational Support for Biblically Consistent Theories (True Science) is Rejected Solely on Philosophical / Religious Grounds.�
“Edwin Hubble didn't claim the Earth was at the center of the universe; instead, he discussed the unwelcome possibility in his 1937 book, The Observational Approach to Cosmology, noting that isotropic (uniform in all directions) red shifts of distant galaxies could imply a unique, central position. However, Hubble rejected this idea, stating it was "unwelcome" and "intolerable," and would only be accepted as a "last resort". He favored the Cosmological Principle that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic, with no favored position, to avoid "the horror of a unique position".”
�Observational Support for Biblically Consistent Theories (True Science) is Rejected Solely on Philosophical / Religious Grounds.
George F.R. Ellis, co-authored “The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time” (Cambridge University Press, 1973) by S. W. Hawking and G. F. R. Ellis
“For instance, I can construct you a spherically symmetrical universe with Earth at its centre, and you cannot disprove it based on observations… You can only exclude it on philosophical grounds. In my view there is absolutely nothing wrong in that. What I want to bring into the open is the fact that we are using philosophical criteria in choosing our models.”
W. Wayt Gibbs, “Profile: George F. R. Ellis — Thinking Globally, Acting Universally”, Scientific American, October 1995, Vol. 273, No. 4, p. 55.
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Genesis 1:1-2
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2The earth was without form, and void; and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.
Observation
Universe was initially composed of water
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Genesis 1:6-8
Then God said, “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” 7Thus God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament; and it was so. 8And God called the firmament Heaven. So the evening and the morning were the second day.
Observation
Waters below the firmament/Heaven and above the firmament/Heaven.
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Psalm 148:3-4
3Praise Him, sun and moon;
Praise Him, all you stars of light!
4Praise Him, you heavens of heavens,
And you waters above the heavens!
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Genesis 1:9-10
Then God said, “Let the waters under the heavens be gathered together into one place, and let the dry land appear”; and it was so. 10 And God called the dry land Earth, and the gathering together of the waters He called Seas. And God saw that it was good.
Observation
Earth is “under the heavens”
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Genesis 1:14-16
14 Then God said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs and seasons, and for days and years; 15 and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth”; and it was so. 16 Then God made two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. He made the stars also. 17 God set them in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth,
Observation
Sun, moon and stars are in the firmament of the heavens
The Bible Says a Lot About the Universe
Genesis 1:20
Then God said, “Let the waters abound with an abundance of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the face of the firmament of the heavens.”
Observation
Atmosphere is between Earth and the face of the firmament of the heavens
Summary of Verses (not to scale)
Earth
Atmosphere
Sun, Moon, Stars
Waters Above
Firmament/Heaven
One Biblically consistent model (developed by Dr. Russell Humphreys, retired physicist, Sandia National Laboratories)
General relativity predicts and experiments verify that gravity affects time.
Clocks tick slightly slower at sea level (lower in earth’s gravity well) than they do atop Mt Everest.
The Bible is written to people on earth, and the days in Genesis 1 are “earth days”
As viewed by an outside observer, time at the event horizon of a black hole (very deep in a gravity well) completely stops
Additional Verses
Isaiah 40:22
It is He who sits above the circle of the earth, And its inhabitants are like grasshoppers, Who stretches out the heavens like a curtain, And spreads them out like a tent to dwell in.
Isaiah 42:5
Thus says God the Lord, Who created the heavens and stretched them out, Who spread forth the earth and that which comes from it, Who gives breath to the people on it, And spirit to those who walk on it:
Summary of Model
Day 2 – Waters above firmament (very massive)
Day 3 – Earth created (near but outside “timeless zone”)
Day 4 – Sun, moon, stars created (additional mass causes earth and firmament to be in “timeless zone”)
Day 4 – Stretching of heavens causes firmament (including stars) to exit “timeless zone”, earth exits last
Day 4 – Significant time could have passed in the firmament while the earth remained in a “timeless zone” as seen from the firmament.
Summary of Verses (not to scale)
Earth
Atmosphere
Sun, Moon, Stars
Waters Above
Firmament/Heaven
Secular studies support Humphrey’s theory
18 August 2009 (quoted from USA Today, Full paper
in Proceedings of the National Academies of Science. )
"Mathematicians have come up with an answer Monday for the mystery of 'dark energy' tearing the universe apart at an accelerating rate. It ain't there." Blake Temple and Joel Smoller suggest that "expanding waves" from the Big Bang "are propelling the trillions of galaxies filling the universe apart, suggests the study. Dark energy is an illusion if their equations are right." However, "the only problem is that for the equations to work, we must be 'literally at the center of the universe'... says physicist Lawrence Krauss of Arizona State University in Tempe. ... 'It doesn't seem physically relevant.'"
Secular studies support Humphrey’s theory
June 2008 (quoted from Science News,
Full paper in Physical Review Letters)
"If Earth and its environs are centered in a vast, billion-light-year-long bubble, relatively free of matter, in turn surrounded by a massive, dense shell of material, then gravity’s tug would cause galaxies inside the void to hurtle toward the spherical concentration of mass, say theorists Robert Caldwell of Dartmouth College and Albert Stebbins of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill. That process would mimic the action of dark energy — a local observer would be tricked into thinking that the universe’s expansion is accelerating." The article goes on to note "But that scenario violates the Copernican principle, a notion near and dear to the hearts of physicists and cosmologists, including Caldwell and Stebbins."
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
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Evangelism Using God’s Creation
Acts 14:15
15and saying, “Men, why are you doing these things? We also are men with the same nature as you, and preach to you that you should turn from these useless things to the living God, who made the heaven, the earth, the sea, and all things that are in them,
Scientific Theories
The Falsification Principle, proposed by Karl Popper, is a way of demarcating science from non-science. It suggests that for a theory to be considered scientific, it must be able to be tested and conceivably proven false. For example, the hypothesis that “all swans are white” can be falsified by observing a black swan.
Observational Support for Humphrey’s Theory (True Science) is Rejected Solely on Philosophical / Religious Grounds.�
“Edwin Hubble didn't claim the Earth was at the center of the universe; instead, he discussed the unwelcome possibility in his 1937 book, The Observational Approach to Cosmology, noting that isotropic (uniform in all directions) red shifts of distant galaxies could imply a unique, central position. However, Hubble rejected this idea, stating it was "unwelcome" and "intolerable," and would only be accepted as a "last resort". He favored the Cosmological Principle that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic, with no favored position, to avoid "the horror of a unique position".”
Observational Support for Humphrey’s Theory (True Science) is Rejected Solely on Philosophical / Religious Grounds.�
George F.R. Ellis, co-authored “The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time” (Cambridge University Press, 1973) by S. W. Hawking and G. F. R. Ellis
“For instance, I can construct you a spherically symmetrical universe with Earth at its centre, and you cannot disprove it based on observations… You can only exclude it on philosophical grounds. In my view there is absolutely nothing wrong in that. What I want to bring into the open is the fact that we are using philosophical criteria in choosing our models.”
W. Wayt Gibbs, “Profile: George F. R. Ellis — Thinking Globally, Acting Universally”, Scientific American, October 1995, Vol. 273, No. 4, p. 55.
Secular “Alternatives” to the Bible are Extremely Weak / Non-Scientific
1. Cline, David B. “The Search for Dark Matter,” as quoted in Scientific American, March, 2003.
Problems with standard “billions of years” theories recognized as early as 1933.
In mid-1970s, evidence against standard theories began to be publicized.
Evidence against standard theories overwhelming enough to demand “explanation”. “Dark Matter” and “Dark Energy” were contrived.
Soon after their scientific “acceptance”, ~50% of the universe was said to be composed of Dark Matter and Dark Energy. Fraction now up to 96%.
Current Knowledge of Universe is Extremely Limited
1. Griffin, Mike (2007), “Space Exploration: Real Reasons and Acceptable Reasons”, comments by Michael Griffin at the Quasar Award Dinner, Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership, January 19.
Former NASA Administrator Mike Griffin:
“What is the value of discovering that literally 95% of the Universe consists of dark energy or dark matter, terms for things that we as yet know nothing about? But they make up 95% of our Universe.” 1
Current Knowledge of Universe is Extremely Limited
1. Cline, David B. “The Search for Dark Matter,” as quoted in Scientific American, March, 2003.
It has been noted that the names "dark matter" and "dark energy" serve mainly as expressions of our ignorance, much as the marking of early maps with “terra incognita.”1
“Current evidence favors models in which the primary component of dark matter is new elementary particles, collectively called non-baryonic dark matter.”
Dark energy considered “even stranger.” “The only thing we know about dark energy is its name.”
Rotation curve of a typical spiral galaxy: predicted (A) and observed (B).
Data and Observations inconsistent with prevailing theories explained away via “adjustable parameters”
Dark Matter and Dark Energy can be distributed throughout the universe, in any fashion desired.
Dark Matter and Dark Energy can have any property desired.
“Inflation” is also required, and new concepts (e.g. “Dark Flow”, “Dark Light”, etc.) are routinely introduced.
A similar approach could be used to support virtually any theory imagined. Because the “Big-Bang” is construed to be “non-falsifiable” it is by definition not a scientific theory.
“Adjustable Parameters” can be Used to Pretend Any Set of Data Supports any Theory or Conclusion Desired
Observations + “Adjustable Parameters” = “Support for Theory”
Analogy:
If X + Y = 100, what does “X” equal?
For any “X”, a “Y” can be chosen to obtain the desired answer
For any set of observations, “adjustable parameters” can be chosen to pretend the observations support any theory a person wants.
“An Open Letter to the Scientific Community,” Published in New Scientist, May 22, 2004. (Full text at “cosmologystatement.org)
“The big bang today relies on a growing number of hypothetical entities, things that we have never observed-- inflation, dark matter and dark energy are the most prominent examples. Without them, there would be a fatal contradiction between the observations made by astronomers and the predictions of the big bang theory. In no other field of physics would this continual recourse to new hypothetical objects be accepted as a way of bridging the gap between theory and observation. It would, at the least, raise serious questions about the validity of the underlying theory.”
Secular Scientists Also Recognize the Weakness of Contemporary Theories
“An Open Letter to the Scientific Community,” Published in New Scientist, May 22, 2004. (Full text at “cosmologystatement.org)
“What is more, the big bang theory can boast of no quantitative predictions that have subsequently been validated by observation. The successes claimed by the theory's supporters consist of its ability to retrospectively fit observations with a steadily increasing array of adjustable parameters, just as the old Earth-centered cosmology of Ptolemy needed layer upon layer of epicycles.”
Secular Scientists Also Recognize the Weakness of Contemporary Theories (2)
False assumptions are often taught as “fact”, and then changed on a moments notice!
WASHINGTON — The universe is looking younger every day, it seems. New calculations suggest the universe could be a couple billion years younger than scientists now estimate, and even younger than suggested by two other calculations published this year that trimmed hundreds of millions of years from the age of the cosmos. The huge swings in scientists’ estimates — even this new calculation could be off by billions of years — reflect different approaches to the tricky problem of figuring the universe’s real age.
Seth Borenstein | AP September 12, 2019 at 3:19 PM
�Science Must Be Allowed to Pursue Truth
All explanations are metaphysical (analogous to worshipping a false god) because the laws of physics either don’t exist or don’t apply.
Examples include the idea that the Big Bang begins in a singularity with all matter, energy, space and time crushed into a point of infinite density where the laws of nature don’t apply.
Appeals to entities outside the observable universe (e.g. multi-verses) are religious in nature, not scientific. False god of the mathematical properties of infinity.
Obvious Question: What was there before the alleged “Big Bang”?
Bible Answers the Question of “What was before the Universe” in the very first verse!
Genesis 1:1
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
God created time and must therefore be outside of time. By definition, anything outside the dimension of time cannot have a beginning or end. God has and will “always” exist.
Boltzmann Brains
“If our current level of organization, having many self-aware entities, is a result of a random fluctuation, it is much less likely than a level of organization which only creates stand-alone self-aware entities. For every universe with the level of organization we see, there should be an enormous number of lone Boltzmann brains floating around in unorganized environments. In an infinite universe, the number of self-aware brains that spontaneously and randomly form out of the chaos, complete with memories of a life like ours, should vastly outnumber the brains evolved from an inconceivably rare local fluctuation the size of the observable Universe.”
James Webb Space Telescope
JWST Causing Many Assumptions About the Universe to Be Changed
“Within just the last two years, Big Bang theorists have had to push back the estimated “date” for the first stars by about 150 million years, from 400 to 250 million years after the supposed Big Bang.”
Now also claiming first galaxies may have formed within 200 million years of the supposed Big Bang.
Jake Herbert, PhD, 26 January 2023, “Webb Telescope Continues to Challenge Big Bang”; https://www.icr.org/article/webb-telescope-continues
JWST Causing Many Assumptions About the Universe to Be Changed
July 14, 2023
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/07/14/universe-may-older-than-thought-study-shows/70411343007/
How old is our universe? New study says Big Bang might have happened 27 billion years ago
Eric Lagatta
USA TODAY
JWST Causing Many Assumptions About the Universe to Be Changed
Is Our Universe Inside a Black Hole? New Research Says It Could Be Possible
New research that used imaging from the James Webb Space Telescope gives credence to a scientific theory that says the Milky Way is inside of a black hole
Charlotte Phillip, 23 May 2025 https://people.com/is-our-universe-inside-a-black-hole-new-research-shares-answer-11698196/, also published published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JWST Causing Many Assumptions About the Universe to Be Changed
The detection of oxygen suggests "a rapid metal enrichment during the earliest phases of galaxy formation," the researchers noted in the study in Astronomy & Astrophysics. JADES-GS-z14-0 was found to be "surprisingly metal-enriched a mere 300 Myr after the Big Bang" and the detection of "a bright oxygen line" in the galaxy underscores the notion that "galaxies in the early universe undergo rapid evolution," the astronomers explained in the other study in The Astrophysical Journal.
"I was astonished by the unexpected results because they opened a new view on the first phases of galaxy evolution," said astrophysicist and paper author Stefano Carniani of the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, Italy in a statement.
She added: "Evidence that a galaxy is already mature in the infant universe raises questions about when and how galaxies formed."
Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
A wide-field infrared flagship
2.4 m mirror
Hubble sharpness • 100× field
MISSION GOALS
Map dark matter + dark energy
Count exoplanets + image worlds
Build an open infrared archive
DESIGN
12.7 m long
8,000 kg
4 kW solar array
Sun–Earth L2
INSTRUMENTS
Wide Field Instrument • 300 MP
IR imaging
slitless spectra
Coronagraph
tech demo
AUG. 30, 2026
FALCON HEAVY
KSC • LC-39A
SCIENCE OPS
EARLY 2027
COST $4.316B
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
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True Science is the Christian’s Friend
Genesis 1:1
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
Psalm 19:1
The heavens declare the glory of God;
And the firmament shows His handiwork
We all get to choose where we put our faith!
We all get to choose where we put our faith!
Psalm 121:1-2
I will lift up my eyes to the hills—
From whence comes my help?
2My help comes from the Lord,
Who made heaven and earth.
Societal Implications of Atheistic Evolution
124
Speak the Truth in Love – Our Struggle is not against People!
Ephesians 6:11-12
Put on the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand firm against the schemes of the devil. 12For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world forces of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places.
The Genome is Degrading
Becoming Accepted that the Genome is Degrading. How Will Society Respond?
“A new paper (Lynch, 2016) written by a leading population geneticist, shows that human genetic degeneration is a very serious problem. He affirms that the human germline mutation rate is roughly 100 new mutations per person per generation, while the somatic mutation rate is roughly 3 new mutations per cell division. Lynch estimates human fitness is declining 1-5% per generation, and he adds; “most mutations have minor effects, very few have lethal consequences, and even fewer are beneficial.”
Lynch, M. 2016. Mutation and Human Exceptionalism: Our Future Genetic Load. Genetics, Vol. 202, 869–875
Belief in Atheistic Evolution can Impact Even the Most Fundamental Biblical Commands
Luke 10:27
‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind,’ and ‘your neighbor as yourself.’
Information In Genome is Being Lost/Corrupted
We Are All Unique and Important to God!
1 Corinthians 12:17-20
If the whole body were an eye, where would be the hearing? If the whole were hearing, where would be the smelling? 18 But now God has set the members, each one of them, in the body just as He pleased. 19 And if they were all one member, where would the body be? 20 But now indeed there are many members, yet one body.
Focus on the Spiritual, not the Physical!
1 Samuel 16:7
7But the Lord said to Samuel, “Do not look at his appearance or at his physical stature, because I have refused him. For the Lord does not see as man sees; for man looks at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.”
“Horrified by Iceland’s near eradication of children with Down syndrome”
“As the proud father of a wonderful 14-year-old son with Down syndrome, I was horrified at the news of a near eradication of children with Down syndrome in Iceland due to early identification procedures and early termination of pregnancies.”
“It is clear that “technology” is ahead of understanding of the contributions that children with Down syndrome make to their families and to their communities. Studies show an extremely high happiness rate for families who have children with Down syndrome, and also for persons with Down syndrome.”
Denver Post, August 28, 2017 http://www.denverpost.com/2017/08/28/horrified-by-icelands-near-eradication-of-children-with-down-syndrome/
Should babies with genetic “imperfections” be killed?
FRANK STEPHENS: Mr. Chairman and members of the committee,��Just so there is no confusion let me say that I am not a research scientist. However, no one knows more about life with Down Syndrome than I do. Whatever you learn today, please remember this: I am a man with Down Syndrome and my life is worth living.�
�
Should babies with genetic “imperfections” be killed?
�Sadly, across the world, a notion is being sold that maybe we don't need research concerning Down Syndrome. Some people say prenatal screens will identify Down Syndrome in the womb and those pregnancies will just be terminated. �
�
Should babies with genetic “imperfections” be killed?
�It's hard for me to sit here and say those words.��I completely understand that the people pushing this particular “final solution” are saying that people like me should not exist. That view is deeply prejudice by an outdated idea of life with Down Syndrome.��Seriously, I have a great life!��
Should babies with genetic “imperfections” be killed?
I have lectured at universities, acted in an award-winning film and an Emmy-winning TV show, and spoken to thousands of young people about the value of inclusion in making America great. I have been to the White House twice––and I didn't have to jump the fence either time.��Seriously, I don't feel I should have to justify my existence, but to those who question the value of people with Down Syndrome, I would make three points.
Should babies with genetic “imperfections” be killed?
First, we are a medical gift to society, a blueprint for medical research into cancer, Alzheimers, and immune system disorders. Second, we are an unusually powerful source of happiness: a Harvard-based study has discovered that people with Down Syndrome, as well as their parents and siblings, are happier than society at large. Surely happiness is worth something? Finally, we are the canary in the eugenics coal mine. We are giving the world a chance to think about the ethics of choosing which humans get a chance at life. So we are helping to defeat cancer and Alzheimers and we make the world a happier place. Is there really no place for us in the world?
Hunter, William George (1914) A Civic Biology, pp 261-263. Widely used US Biology textbook (pre-WWII)
“If such people were lower animals, we would probably kill them off to prevent them from spreading. Humanity will not allow this, but we do have the remedy of separating the sexes in asylums or in other places and in various ways preventing the intermarriage and the possibilities of perpetuating such a low and degenerate race. Remedies of this sort have been tried successfully in Europe and are now meeting with success in this country.”
If Atheists were right then Hunter would have been right – no free will and only those who the rulers of a society deem superior should be allowed to have children
What does the Bible say about Children?
Psalm 127:3-5
3 Behold, children are a heritage from the LORD,�The fruit of the womb is a reward.�4 Like arrows in the hand of a warrior,�So are the children of one’s youth.�5 Happy is the man who has his quiver full of them;�They shall not be ashamed,�But shall speak with their enemies in the gate.
What do some in society say about children?
Margaret Sanger, founder, Planned Parenthood:
“The most merciful thing that the large family does to one of its infant members is to kill it.”
Woman and the New Race, Chapter 5, pg 30, 1920
“Plan for Peace” from Birth Control Review (April 1932, pp. 107-108)
Article 1. The purpose of the American Baby Code shall be to provide for a better distribution of babies… and to protect society against the propagation and increase of the unfit.
Article 4. No woman shall have the legal right to bear a child, and no man shall have the right to become a father, without a permit…
Article 6. No permit for parenthood shall be valid for more than one birth.
Charles Darwin:
“At some future period, not very distant as measured by centuries, the civilized races of man will almost certainly exterminate , and replace, the savage races throughout the world. At the same time, the anthropomorphous apes…will no doubt be exterminated. The break between man and his nearest allies will then be wider, for it will intervene between man in a more civilized state, as we may hope, even than the Caucasian, and some ape as low as a baboon, instead of as now between the Negro or Australian and the gorilla1
“The average mental power in man must be above that of woman.”2
“Thus man has ultimately become superior to woman , in poetry, strength, voice, etc.”3
1. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man (New York, NY: D. Appleton, 1897), p. 241-242
2. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man (New York, NY: D. Appleton, 1897), p. 586
3. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man (New York, NY: D. Appleton, 1897), p. 588
True Science tells us there is no such thing as “Race”. Fake Science has been used to promote racism and sexism.
Ernst Haeckel (The History of Creation; “Monera”; speechless apemen; fraudulent drawings of embryos)
“In order to be convinced of this important result, it is above all things necessary to study and compare the mental life of wild savages and of children. At the lowest stage of human mental development are the Australians, some tribes of the Polynesians, and the Bushmen, Hottentots, and some of the Negro tribes.
In many of these languages there are numerals only for one, two, and three: no Australian language counts beyond four. Very many wild tribes can count no further than ten or twenty, whereas some very clever dogs have been made to count up to forty and even beyond sixty.”1
1. Ernst Haeckel, “The History of Creation”, pp. 362, 363
True Science tells us there is no such thing as “Race”. Fake Science has been used to promote racism and sexism.
“At the present time there exist upon the earth five races or varieties of man, each very different from the other in instincts, social customs, and, to an extent, in structure. These are the Ethiopian, or negro type, originating in Africa; the Malay or brown race, from the islands of the Pacific; the American Indian; the Mongolian, or yellow race, including the natives of China, Japan, and the Eskimos; and finally, the highest type of all, the Caucasians, represented by the civilized white inhabitants of Europe and America.”
From Hunter, George W. (1914), A Civic Biology, pg 196. Used to “teach Evolution” in Dayton, TN (1925) resulting in Scopes Trial
True Science tells us there is no such thing as “Race”. Fake Science has been used to promote racism.
Fake science can have a powerful, negative influence on non-scientists
Margaret Sanger, founder, Planned Parenthood:
“We should hire three or four colored ministers, preferably with social-service backgrounds, and with engaging personalities. The most successful educational approach to the Negro is through a religious appeal. We don’t want the word to go out that we want to exterminate the Negro population, and the minister is the man who can straighten out that idea if it ever occurs to any of their more rebellious members.”
Woman, Morality, and Birth Control. New York: New York Publishing Company, 1922. Page 12.
Margaret Sanger
“[We should] apply a stern and rigid policy of sterilization and segregation to that grade of population whose progeny is tainted, or whose inheritance is such that objectionable traits may be transmitted to offspring.”1
Adolf Hitler
“If nature does not wish that weaker individuals should mate with the stronger, she wishes even less that a superior race should intermingle with an inferior one; because in such cases all her efforts, throughout hundreds of thousands of years, to establish an evolutionary higher stage of being, may thus be rendered futile.”
1. Margaret Sanger, Woman and the New Race, 1920
Fake Science has been used to promote (and enforce) racism.
What Does the Bible Say About “Races”
Acts 17:26
And He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings,
Genesis 1:27
So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.
Fake Science Often Used to Claim Evil is Good and Good is Evil
Isaiah 5:20-23
20 Woe to those who call evil good, and good evil;�Who put darkness for light, and light for darkness;�Who put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!
21 Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes,�And prudent in their own sight!
22 Woe to men mighty at drinking wine,�Woe to men valiant for mixing intoxicating drink,�23 Who justify the wicked for a bribe,�And take away justice from the righteous man!
The Best Way to Love Our Neighbor is to Encourage them to Obey the Gospel!
Mark 12:29-31
Jesus answered, “The foremost is, ‘HEAR, O ISRAEL! THE LORD OUR GOD IS ONE LORD; 30 AND YOU SHALL LOVE THE LORD YOUR GOD WITH ALL YOUR HEART, AND WITH ALL YOUR SOUL, AND WITH ALL YOUR MIND, AND WITH ALL YOUR STRENGTH.’ 31 The second is this, ‘YOU SHALL LOVE YOUR NEIGHBOR AS YOURSELF.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
The Age of the Earth
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Rely on the Bible!
2 Timothy 3:16
All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, 17that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work.
John 17:17
Sanctify them by Your truth. Your word is truth.
The age of the earth is one of the last “Strongholds” for People Opposed to the Bible
2 Corinthians 10:3-5
For though we walk in the flesh, we do not war according to the flesh. 4For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal but mighty in God for pulling down strongholds, 5casting down arguments and every high thing that exalts itself against the knowledge of God, bringing every thought into captivity to the obedience of Christ,
Always be Ready to Give a Defense!
1 Peter 3:13-15
13And who is he who will harm you if you become followers of what is good? 14But even if you should suffer for righteousness’ sake, you are blessed. “And do not be afraid of their threats, nor be troubled.” 15But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and always be ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear;
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The Best Way to Love Our Neighbor is to Encourage them to Obey the Gospel!
Mark 12:29-31
Jesus answered, “The foremost is, ‘HEAR, O ISRAEL! THE LORD OUR GOD IS ONE LORD; 30 AND YOU SHALL LOVE THE LORD YOUR GOD WITH ALL YOUR HEART, AND WITH ALL YOUR SOUL, AND WITH ALL YOUR MIND, AND WITH ALL YOUR STRENGTH.’ 31 The second is this, ‘YOU SHALL LOVE YOUR NEIGHBOR AS YOURSELF.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”
Evangelism Using God’s Creation
John 3:12
If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things?
Many Miraculous Events During Creation Week and the Flood
Genesis 1:1
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
(also Genesis 1:3, 1:6, 1:9, 1:11, 1:14, 1:20, 1:24, 1:26, etc.)
Genesis 7:4
“… For after seven more days I will cause it to rain on the earth forty days and forty nights, and I will destroy from the face of the earth all living things that I have made.”
(also Genesis 6:7, 6:13, 6:17, 6:20, 7:16, 7:23, 8:1, 8:2, etc.)
Age of the Earth
Most Methods of “Dating” indicate that the Earth is a Few Thousand Years Old
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Radiometric Dating Using Certain Assumptions is the Last Major Discrepancy
Radiometric Dating
Different isotopes are typically used in radiometric dating, depending on the type of sample. As the name implies, carbon dating requires (at a minimum) that the sample contains an adequate amount of carbon. Radiometric dating estimates can also be based on the decay of potassium-40 to argon-40 (often used to date lava flows), the decay of uranium-238 to lead-206 (zircon crystals), the decay of rubidium-87 to strontium-87, the decay of samarium-147 to neodymium-143, and other decay chains.
Radiocarbon Dating��Carbon-14 (14C, 6 protons / 8 neutrons) primarily formed by cosmic ray interactions with the atmosphere. Neutrons released by interactions react with 14N (neutron absorbed / proton released) to create 14C.��14C is small fraction of carbon in atmospheric carbon dioxide (currently a little less than one part per trillion).
How carbon-14 enters living things
Cosmic ray
Air nucleus
Neutrons
N / O
Fast particle
Spallation ejects neutrons
¹⁴N + n
¹⁴C + p
¹⁴N(n,p)¹⁴C
Nitrogen-14 takes in a neutron and releases a proton.
¹⁴C
CO₂ in air
Oxidation
Photosynthesis
Plants
Feeding
Animals
Radiocarbon Dating
Predicting radioactive decay
N(t) = N₀ × (½)
t/T
= N₀ e
−λt
λ = 0.693 / T
N(t): amount remaining
N₀: starting amount
t: time elapsed
T: half-life (time to halve)
λ: decay rate per atom per time
e: fixed number ≈ 2.718
Carbon-14: half-life ≈ 5,700 years
100%
0 years
50%
5,700 years
25%
11,400 years
12.5%
17,100 years
Use matching time units. Assumes only radioactive decay.
Carbon-14 concentration today
Global air: approximate scale
≈1 in 1 trillion
carbon atoms in atmospheric CO₂
F¹⁴C ≈ 1
≈100 pMC
F¹⁴C: fraction modern
pMC: percent modern carbon
Relative to a fixed standard
2024 example: 99.2 pMC
Lutjewad, Netherlands
Dilution by “dead” carbon
Volcanic CO₂
Fossil CO₂
Source carbon: F¹⁴C ≈ 0
If half the carbon is dead:
≈50 pMC
Half the ¹⁴C ratio
Old ocean water: lower. Nuclear releases: higher.
Uniformitarian Assumptions are Often Incorrect
2 Peter 3:3-6
knowing this first: that scoffers will come in the last days, walking according to their own lusts, 4and saying, “Where is the promise of His coming? For since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of creation.” 5For this they willfully forget: that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of water and in the water, 6by which the world that then existed perished, being flooded with water.
Radiocarbon Dating – Example
14C concentration in sample =
(14C concentration in sample at death) * (e- λt)
λ = 0.6931 / 14C half life
t = time
e = base of natural logarithms = 2.7182818
C = concentration; Co = concentration at death
Equation can be written as C = Co (e- λt)
Radiocarbon Dating – Uniformitarian Assumptions
Suppose the 14C concentration in a sample is 2% of the atmospheric 14C concentration today. Using uniformitarian / atheistic assumptions, how old is the sample?
C = Co (e- λt)
Assume constant decay rate =>
λ = 0.6931 / 5730 yr = 0.000121 yr-1
Assume Co roughly equal to atmospheric 14C concentration today (note: evolutionists are typically allowed to use “correction factors,” but then cry foul if creationists do the same.)
Radiocarbon Dating – Uniformitarian Assumptions
C = Co (e- λt)
0.02 = e- 0.000121t
ln(0.02) = -.000121t
-3.912 = -.000121t
t = 32,330 years
Radiocarbon Dating – Non-Uniformitarian Assumptions
Suppose the 14C concentration in a sample is 2% of the atmospheric 14C concentration today. Given potential effects of a significant “catastrophe”, how old is the sample?
Impossible to tell.
Analogous to X + Y = 100, what is X?
What if Co was 1/30th of today’s atmospheric 14C concentration?
0.02 = 0.0333 (e- 0.000121t)
t = 4210 years
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Radiocarbon Dating – Discussion Points
Radiocarbon Dating – Discussion Points
Radiocarbon Dating – Archeology
Can archeology be used to calibrate carbon dating?
No, the opposite has occurred.
Carbon dating (with uniformitarian assumptions) has been used to calibrate other dating methods used by archeologists that may contradict the Bible (pottery styles, layers, patina, etc.). Incorrect calibration results in incorrect dates!
Tree ring patterns strongly affected by post-flood climate.
Written records from early civilizations are typically consistent with the Bible. When written records are inconsistent we should believe the Bible.
Radiocarbon Dating – Other Discussion Points
What about other isotopes produced by cosmic ray interactions with earth’s atmosphere?
10Be and 36Cl production rates strongly dependent on incident neutron energy.
14C production cross section (n,p reaction with Nitrogen-14) highest at very low neutron energies.
10Be peaks at very high energy (>1 MeV, 0.169 MeV minimum reaction threshold).
36Cl peaks at very high energy (~15 MeV, 2.55 MeV minimum reaction threshold).
Transport mechanisms (once isotope produced) different and uncertain.
Advances in True Science have shown Radiocarbon Dating to be Fully Consistent with the Bible
Genesis 1:31
Then God saw everything that He had made, and indeed it was very good. So the evening and the morning were the sixth day.
Exodus 20:11
For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day.
Other Types of Radiometric Dating
Three assumptions must be made
1. The degree to which radioactive decay rates have fluctuated throughout the life of the sample being dated;
2. The original concentrations of the isotopes being used to date the sample; and
Changes in Decay Rates During Creation Week and/or the Flood Would Have a Significant Effect on Estimated Ages
Many Miraculous Events During Creation Week and the Flood
Genesis 1:1
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
(also Genesis 1:3, 1:6, 1:9, 1:11, 1:14, 1:20, 1:24, 1:26, etc.)
Genesis 7:4
“… For after seven more days I will cause it to rain on the earth forty days and forty nights, and I will destroy from the face of the earth all living things that I have made.”
(also Genesis 6:7, 6:13, 6:17, 6:20, 7:16, 7:23, 8:1, 8:2, etc.)
Age of the Earth
In ~2006, reports of fluctuating radioactive decay rates began to be publicized.
If small fluctuations in decay rates are occurring while the earth is relatively stable (physically) that would be consistent with the potential for much larger changes during creation week and the flood.
Significant changes in decay rates could fully explain assumption-based discrepancies between radiometric dating and the Biblical account.
Significant changes in decay rates could also fully explain discrepancies between radiometric dating and other secular methods for estimating the age of the earth.
Research Related to Changing Radioactive Decay Rates is at Very Early Stage
Popular Science (8/26/2010, Boyle)
"The sun, at 93 million miles away, appears to be influencing the decay of radioactive elements inside the Earth, researchers say." A study by Stanford and Purdue scientists found "that the core of the sun -- where nuclear reactions produce neutrinos -- spins more slowly than the surface. This phenomenon might explain changing rates of radioactive decay scientists observed at two separate labs. But it does not explain why the decay-change happens. That violates the laws of physics as we know them." The article asks, "How could the nebulous neutrino, which does not interact with normal matter, be affecting decay rates? No one knows. It might be a previously unknown particle instead."
Research Related to Changing Radioactive Decay Rates is at Very Early Stage
Stanford University (2016)
https://news.stanford.edu/2016/11/09/stanford-solar-physicist-unlocks-easier-way-observe-peculiar-particles-reveal-inner-workings-sun/
“The research that Sturrock learned about in Tucson concerned fluctuations in the rate of decay of radioactive elements. The fluctuations were highly controversial at the time because it had been thought that the decay rate of any radioactive element was constant. Sturrock decided to study these experimental results using analytical techniques that he and Scargle had developed to study neutrinos.”
Research Related to Changing Radioactive Decay Rates is at Very Early Stage
Stanford University (2016)
https://news.stanford.edu/2016/11/09/stanford-solar-physicist-unlocks-easier-way-observe-peculiar-particles-reveal-inner-workings-sun/
“In examining the radioactive decay fluctuations, the team found evidence that those fluctuations matched patterns they had found in Super-Kamiokande neutrino data, each indicating a one-month oscillation attributable to solar rotation. The likely conclusion is that neutrinos from the sun are directly affecting beta-decays. This connection has been theorized by other researchers dating back 25 years, but the Sturrock-Fischbach-Scargle analysis adds the strongest evidence yet. If this relationship holds, a revolution in neutrino research could be underway.”
Research Related to Changing Radioactive Decay Rates is at Very Early Stage
Astroparticle Physics (Volume 37, September 2012, Pages 81-88)
“Additional experimental evidence is presented in support of the recent hypothesis that a possible solar influence could explain fluctuations observed in the measured decay rates of some isotopes. These data were obtained during routine weekly calibrations of an instrument used for radiological safety at The Ohio State University Research Reactor using 36Cl. The detector system used was based on a Geiger–Müller gas detector, which is a robust detector system with very low susceptibility to environmental changes. A clear annual variation is evident in the data, with a maximum relative count rate observed in January/February, and a minimum relative count rate observed in July/August, for seven successive years from July 2005 to June 2011. This annual variation is not likely to have arisen from changes in the detector surroundings, as we show here.”
Research Related to Changing Radioactive Decay Rates is at Very Early Stage
Data on changing radioactive decay rates also available from Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island and the Federal Physical and Technical Institute in Germany.
Both alpha and beta emitters show changes.
Creation week and the flood were both miraculous events, and there may have been additional potential causes for changing decay rates (stretching of space?) that are not active / available today.
Discordances Between Estimated Ages
Present half-lives versus isochron ‘ages’ for the different radioisotopes ‘dating’ the Brahma amphibolites.
Discordances indicate fundamental flaw in typical radiometric dating assumptions.
1. Snelling, Andrew “Radioisotope dating of rocks in the Grand Canyon”, Creation 27(3):44–49, June 2005 .
Helium Retention in Zircons
Don DeYoung, PhD “Raising the Bar on Creation Research,” Answers, May 2, 2006
Helium retention in zircons consistent with significant radioactive decay in recent past
Radiometric Dating – Discussion Points
If radioactive decay rates were greatly accelerated, wouldn’t the resulting energy melt the earth?
But: Changing the decay constant of an isotope would also change the energy released per decay.
If the idea is pursued further, one clue could be to look for ways radioactive decay rates for a given isotope could be accelerated while reducing the energy released per decay.
“Stretching” of space?
Inaccurate Dates: Humorous but Still Damaging�
Example:
Samples from the 1954 AD eruption of Mt. Ngauruhoe in New Zealand yield a potassium-argon age as high as 3.5 million years. Humorous, but not used in attempts to discredit the Bible because we know the eruption was in 1954.
However, same dating “technique” used to claim certain unobserved eruptions occurred hundreds of thousands of years ago, which are used in attempts to discredit the Bible.
No reason to believe unobserved eruption dates either (based on the demonstrated inaccuracy of the method used) but they are still presented as “fact” and could weaken a person’s faith.
Radiometric Dating: Summary�
Significant Evidence Against Typical/Uniformitarian Assumptions
Fluctuations in radioactive decay rates
Carbon-14 in coal and diamonds
Discordances in age estimates based on radioactive decay
Significant helium in zircons
Significant errors dating rocks of known age
Accelerated Radioactive Decay During Creation Week and/or the flood could explain discrepancies
True Science is the Christian’s Friend
1 Corinthians 10:13
No temptation has overtaken you except something common to mankind; and God is faithful, so He will not allow you to be tempted beyond what you are able, but with the temptation will provide the way of escape also, so that you will be able to endure it.
1 Timothy 6:20-21
O Timothy, guard what has been entrusted to you, avoiding worldly and empty chatter and the opposing arguments of what is falsely called "knowledge“ which some have professed and thus gone astray from the faith. Grace be with you.
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16
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The Genesis Flood
2 Peter 3:3-6
3knowing this first: that scoffers will come in the last days, walking according to their own lusts, 4and saying, “Where is the promise of His coming? For since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of creation.” 5For this they willfully forget: that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of water and in the water, 6by which the world that then existed perished, being flooded with water.
The Genesis Flood
1 Peter 3:20-22
20 who formerly were disobedient, when once the Divine longsuffering waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared, in which a few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water. 21 There is also an antitype which now saves us—baptism (not the removal of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God), through the resurrection of Jesus Christ, 22 who has gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God, angels and authorities and powers having been made subject to Him.
The Flood Was Devastating Beyond Comprehension�
Genesis 6:13
And God said to Noah, “The end of all flesh has come before Me, for the earth is filled with violence through them; and behold, I will destroy them with the earth.
Genesis 6:17
And behold, I Myself am bringing floodwaters on the earth, to destroy from under heaven all flesh in which is the breath of life; everything that is on the earth shall die.
Genesis 7:4
For after seven more days I will cause it to rain on the earth forty days and forty nights, and I will destroy from the face of the earth all living things that I have made.”
The Flood Was Devastating Beyond Comprehension �
Genesis 7:19-23
And the waters prevailed exceedingly on the earth, and all the high hills under the whole heaven were covered. 20 The waters prevailed fifteen cubits upward, and the mountains were covered. 21 And all flesh died that moved on the earth: birds and cattle and beasts and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth, and every man. 22 All in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, all that was on the dry land, died. 23 So He destroyed all living things which were on the face of the ground: both man and cattle, creeping thing and bird of the air. They were destroyed from the earth. Only Noah and those who were with him in the ark remained alive.
Flood legends in over 200 cultures worldwide
Flood Geology
Global flood extremely catastrophic.
Extensive geologic changes / activity
Post-flood world very different from pre-flood world
Mt St. Helens (small flood)
Channeled Scablands (medium flood)
Flood Geology
Evidence of massive, world-wide die-off of marine life
Evidence of immersion of all land
Grand Canyon (large flood)
Ice Age (global flood)
Evidence Consistent with Global Flood
Potential Effects of the Genesis Flood : Fossil Graveyards
Redwall Limestone
Arizona/Nevada
10,500 square miles
Billions of extremely well preserved chambered nautiloids
Estimated 24 cubic miles of lime sand and silt flowing at 16 feet per second in soup-like slurry
Green River Formation (Wyoming)
16,000 square miles. Alligator, fish (including sunfish, deep sea bass, chubs, pickerel, herring, and garpike 3–7 feet [1–2 m] long), birds, turtles, mammals, mollusks, crustaceans, many varieties of insects, and palm leaves (7–9 feet [2–2.5 m] long) buried together.
Fossil Bluff (Tasmania)
Small marine creatures, toothed whale, marsupial possum.
Potential Effects of the Genesis Flood
Bent Strata, Cross Bedding, Rapid Transport and Burial
Trilobite with well preserved compound lens system
Finely preserved jellyfish
Coconino Sandstone (200,000 mi2)
Cross beds / sand waves, 3-5 mph,
10,000 mi3 in few days
Coarse grained / jagged edged sandstone, transported >60 miles; 80º tilt; “fresh” feldspar
Potential Effects of the Genesis Flood : Ice Age
Genesis 7:11 “…fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened.”
One Biblically-Consistent Model:
Superheated water and volcanic activity during the flood resulted in an increase in average ocean temperature, perhaps to as high as 30 C (86 F). Residual volcanic ash in the atmosphere reduced sunlight. Warm water provided moisture source for intense snowstorms over cold land masses, leading to ice age.
No credible uniformitarian model exists for triggering an ice age of the extent indicated.
Potential Effects of the Genesis Flood: Ice Age
Estimated timeframe: Start: ~2300 B.C. / End: ~1700 B.C.
Relatively warm, unglaciated areas near coast
Wooly mammoths near arctic ocean
Hippos in England
Significantly different climate (wet deserts)
Potential Effects of the Genesis Flood: Ice Age
Job 38:29 "From whose womb has come the ice? �And the frost of heaven, who has given it birth?
Genesis 13:10 And Lot lifted his eyes and saw all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere (before the LORD destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah) …
Potential Effects of the Genesis Flood: Ice Age
Water locked up in glaciers caused drastic reduction in sea level – land bridge across Bering Strait
Helped people (scattered at Tower of Babel) and animals “fill the earth” (Genesis 9:1)
Caves (where available) provided excellent shelter
Reduced sunlight and (potentially) poor diet may have frequently caused skeletal deformities
Potential Effects of the Genesis Flood: Ice Age
Catastrophic flooding at end of ice age responsible for many geologic features
Freezing of northern oceans resulted in much colder temperatures, drier climate, and extinction of many species
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Evangelism Using God’s Creation
Romans 1:20
For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse
Evangelism Using God’s Creation
John 3:12
If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things?
“Vestigial Structures” - False Religions Hinder True Science
Evolution:
Vestigial Structure: structure that is a remnant of an organism’s evolutionary past and has no function; from the Latin vestigium, meaning “footprint.”1
Biblical Creationism:
The functionality of some organs and structures may have degraded since the original perfect creation.
Vestigial structures (as defined above) do not exist.
So-called “vestigial structures” are evidence for scientific ignorance, not evolution.
1. Biology: Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1998, pg 868
Vestigial Structures: Ignorance was the Atheist’s Friend
“A vestigial structure is a body part that no longer has a function. How is a vestigial body part evidence of evolution?”1
“There are, according to Wiedersheim, no less than 180 vestigal [sic] structures in the human body, sufficient to make of a man a veritable walking museum of antiquities. Among these [is] the vermiform appendix . These and numerous other structures of the same sort can be reasonably interpreted as evidence that man has descended from ancestors in which these organs were functional. Man has never completely lost these characters; he continues to inherit them though he no longer has any use for them.” (pro-evolution “evidence” available at 1925 Scopes Trial).
1. Biology: An Everyday Experience, Glencoe, McGraw Hill, 1999, pp 620-621
Vestigial Structures: Ignorance was the Atheist’s Friend
Functions have been found for all 180 structures believed to be “vestigial” only a century ago. Many of these functions are vital. Additional functions of “vestigial organs” continue to be identified.
Arguments concerning “Junk DNA” were analogous to those concerning vestigial structures. Those arguments once again reflected scientific ignorance, not evolution.
Belief in “Vestigial Structures” slowed scientific progress.
Data and true science are the Christian’s friend.
Important functions have been found for all organs and structures once considered “vestigial”
“First, scientists suggest that when an embryo is forming, the appendix produces certain hormones that help it grow correctly. Second, the appendix contains lymphoid cells that help to fight infection. Third, scientists think that the appendix could be a place to store good gut bacteria.”
http://www.apologeticspress.org/DiscoveryPubPage.aspx?pub=2&issue=1124&article=2159
Important functions have been found for all organs and structures once considered “vestigial”
Important functions have been found for all organs and structures once considered “vestigial”
Junk DNA: Ignorance was the Atheist’s Friend
2009:
“What pseudogenes are useful for is embarrassing creationists. It stretches even their creative ingenuity to make up a reason why an intelligent designer should have created a pseudogene… unless he was deliberately setting out to fool us.” (Dawkins, 2009, Greatest Show on Earth).
2012 (and beyond):
Extensive evidence that pseudogenes have functions. Encode proteins, regulate gene expression, sequence conservation in psuedogenes.
Junk DNA: Ignorance Was the Atheist’s Friend
HUNTSVILLE, Alabama (2012) -- Vast parts of the human genome thought to be "junk DNA" are really filled with millions of cellular "switches" helping choreograph the roles genes play in human life and disease, scientists said today.
Researchers from 32 laboratories around the world, including Huntsville's HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, announced the simultaneous publication of 30 scientific papers detailing new discoveries in the ongoing ENCODE Project, short for Encyclopedia of DNA Elements. It is funded in the United States by the National Genome Research Institute, a part of the National Institutes of Health.
Instead of believing that only 2 percent of the genome is controlling cells, the ENCODE project has now proved that at least 80 percent of DNA has some function in cellular creation and growth, Myers said. ENCODE collaborators have also identified 4 million of the so-called genetic switches that determine whether genes are turned off or on in the overall cellular wiring diagram.
“Homologous Structures” Argument is Religious, Not Scientific
Atheistic Evolution:
“This observation makes little sense for created objects, since a creator could mix and match features observed in any organism.”1
“Homologous structures are similar because they are modified versions of structures that occurred in a common ancestor.”2
“The similarity of these early developmental forms strongly suggests that the process of development has evolved.”2
“What other evidence is there for evolution? If later life-forms evolved from earlier ones, wouldn’t the later forms have something in common with the earlier forms? … Early life forms are made of cells. So are later life forms. Early life forms have DNA as part of there chromosomes. So do later life forms.”3
3. Biology: An Everyday Experience, Glencoe, McGraw Hill, 1999, pp 620
Homologous Structures are Biblically Consistent
Biblical Creation:
Homologous structures provide evidence for a common designer, not a common ancestor.
“As with “yolk sac,” “gill slit” formation represents an ingenious and adaptable solution to a difficult engineering problem. How can a small, round egg cell be turned into an animal or human being with a digestive tube and various organs inside a body cavity? The answer is to have the little ball (or flat sheet in some organisms) “swallow itself,” forming a tube which then “buds off” other tubes and pouches. The anterior pituitary, lungs, urinary bladder, and parts of the liver and pancreas develop in this way. In fish, gills develop from such processes, and in human beings, the ear canals, parathyroid, and thymus glands develop. Following DNA instructions in their respective egg cells, fish and human beings each use a similar process to develop their distinctive features.”1
1. Dr. Gary Parker, Creation: Facts of Life, Chapter 1
Homologous Structures
Why do songs from the same musician have similarities?
Why do paintings from the same artist have similarities?
Why do different car models from the same company have similarities?
Why are similar parts used to perform similar functions (e.g. wheels, two by fours)?
Homologous structures are exactly what Christians would expect given that God created all life!
Questions Christians May Be Asked�
If God made the heavens and the earth, who made God?
Genesis 1:1
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
God created time and must therefore be outside of time. By definition, anything outside the dimension of time cannot have a beginning or end.
Why is there Pain and Suffering?
Genesis 4:6-8
So the Lord said to Cain, “Why are you angry? And why has your countenance fallen? 7If you do well, will you not be accepted? And if you do not do well, sin lies at the door. And its desire is for you, but you should rule over it.” 8Now Cain talked with Abel his brother; and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him.
Why is there Pain and Suffering?
2 Corinthians 4:16-17
16Therefore we do not lose heart. Even though our outward man is perishing, yet the inward man is being renewed day by day. 17For our light affliction, which is but for a moment, is working for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory,
Stay Focused on Eternity!
Why is there Pain and Suffering?
2 Corinthians 11:24-28
From the Jews five times I received forty stripes minus one. 25Three times I was beaten with rods; once I was stoned; three times I was shipwrecked; a night and a day I have been in the deep; 26in journeys often, in perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils of my own countrymen, in perils of the Gentiles, in perils in the city, in perils in the wilderness, in perils in the sea, in perils among false brethren; 27in weariness and toil, in sleeplessness often, in hunger and thirst, in fastings often, in cold and nakedness— 28besides the other things, what comes upon me daily: my deep concern for all the churches.
Why is there Pain and Suffering?
Revelation 21:4
and He will wipe away every tear from their eyes; and there will no longer be any death; there will no longer be any mourning, or crying, or pain; the first things have passed away.”
Stay Focused on Eternity!
Where Did Cain Get His wife?
Genesis 4:16-17
16 Then Cain went out from the presence of the LORD, and settled in the land of Nod, east of Eden.
17Cain had relations with his wife and she conceived, and gave birth to Enoch; and he built a city, and called the name of the city Enoch, after the name of his son.
Where Did Cain Get His Wife?
Genesis 1:27-28
God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. 28 God blessed them; and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it; and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”
Genesis 5:4
Then the days of Adam after he became the father of Seth were eight hundred years, and he had other sons and daughters.
Lots of people on Earth soon after creation!
Where Did Cain Get His Wife?
Genesis 1:31
God saw all that He had made, and behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.
The original creation was perfect – no genetic imperfections / mutations. Mutations have accumulated since Adam sinned.
Cain Would Have Married a Close Relative
Genesis 20:12
Besides, she actually is my sister, the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother, and she became my wife;
Sarah was Abraham’s half-sister. The law against close relatives marrying was not given until ~500 years later (Leviticus 18-20).
Cain would have married a close relative.
Why do Many Influential People Promote False Religions?�
Numerous potential reasons are given in scripture.
2 Corinthians 11:3
But I fear, lest somehow, as the serpent deceived Eve by his craftiness, so your minds may be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ.
Influential / Intelligent People Can Be Deceived
2 Timothy 3:13-16
But evil men and impostors will grow worse and worse, deceiving and being deceived. 14But you must continue in the things which you have learned and been assured of, knowing from whom you have learned them, 15and that from childhood you have known the Holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. 16All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, 17that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work.
Influential / Intelligent People Can Be Deceived
1 Kings 18:19
19 “Now therefore, send and gather all Israel to me on Mount Carmel, the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal, and the four hundred prophets of Asherah, who eat at Jezebel’s table.”
Many of the most influential people in Israel promoted worship of Baal and Asherah.
Many of the most influential people (and institutions) in the world today promote atheism and evolution.
Does it make sense to cut a log in two, use half of it to bake bread and roast meat, and then use the other half to make an idol that one pretends is a god who can deliver them (Isaiah 44:15-20)?
Does it make sense to teach as “fact” that something happened spontaneously (life arising from non-life) that we have been unable to duplicate given our best laboratories, our smartest scientists, and virtually unlimited financial resources?
Societies throughout history have become confused
1 Kings 18:21
And Elijah came to all the people, and said, “How long will you falter between two opinions? If the Lord is God, follow Him; but if Baal, follow him.” But the people answered him not a word.
God always provides tremendous evidence that we should put our faith in Him!
1 Kings 18:38-39
Then the fire of the Lord fell and consumed the burnt sacrifice, and the wood and the stones and the dust, and it licked up the water that was in the trench. 39Now when all the people saw it, they fell on their faces; and they said, “The Lord, He is God! The Lord, He is God!”
Summary�
Summary�
Summary�
We Can Trust the Bible, and God’s Plan of Salvation
Romans 1:16
For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes, for the Jew first and also for the Greek.
Numerous examples of people being saved:
Acts 2:36-47; Acts 8:4-13; Acts 8:26-40;
Acts 9:1-20; Acts 10:1– 11:18; Acts 16:13-15;
Acts 16:23-34; Acts 18:8; Acts 22:6-16