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MORPHEMIC CUTTING & �IC ANALYSIS

Faizal Risdianto

IAIN Salatiga

http://pakfaizal.com/

risdiantofaizal@gmail.com

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MORPHEME: FORM + MEANING

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MORPHO-CHART

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WORD FORMATION�

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1. PREFIXES�

  • We add prefixes before the base or stem of a word.
  • Examples of prefixes
  • monorail, monolingual: mono- means ‘one’
  • multipurpose, multicultural: multi- means ‘many’
  • post-war, postgraduate : post- means ‘after’
  • unusual, undemocratic: un- means ‘not’ or ‘opposite to’

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2. SUFFIXES�

  • We add suffixes after the base or stem of a word. The main purpose of a suffix is to show what class of word it is (e.g. noun or adjective).
  • Examples of suffixes
  • terrorism, individualism, kingdom, fandom : -ism and -dom are used to form nouns
  • employer, actor : -er and -or are used to form nouns to describe people who do things
  • widen, simplify: -en and -ify are used to form verbs
  • reasonable, unprofitable: -able is used to form adjectives
  • unhappily, naturally: -ly is a common suffix used to form adverbs

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3. CONVERSION�

  • Conversion involves the change of a word from one word class to another. For example, the verbs to email and to microwave are formed from the nouns email and microwave:

Can you text her? (verb from noun text, meaning to send a text-message)

If you’re not careful, some downloads can damage your computer. (noun from verb download)

All companies have their ups and downs. (nouns from prepositions)

  • We also use conversion when we change a proper noun into a common noun:
  • Has anybody seen my Dickens? (copy of a book by Dickens)

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4. COMPOUNDING�

  • When we use compounding, we link together two or more bases to create a new word. Normally, the first item identifies a key feature of the second word. For example, the two bases ear and ache can combine to form the compound noun earache, and the two bases post and card combine to form the compound noun postcard.
  • Compounds are found in all word classes. The most common types of compounds are: Nouns: car park, rock band
  • Adjectives: heartbreaking, sugar-free, airsick
  • Verbs: oven-bake, baby-sit, chain-smoke
  • Adverbs: good-naturedly, nevertheless

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5. ABBREVIATION�

  • Abbreviation involves shortening a word. We do this in three main ways: clipping, acronyms and blends.
  • We use clipping when we shorten or ‘clip’ one or more syllables from a word. We also commonly clip proper names for people:
  • ad: advertisement, advert
  • lab: laboratory
  • Matt: Matthew
  • Magz: magazine

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  • Acronyms are a type of abbreviation formed when the initial letters of two or more words are combined in a way that produces consonant and vowel sequences found in words. Acronyms are normally pronounced as words:
  • RAM: random access memory (RAM is a term used to describe a computer’s memory.)
  • Initials are similar to acronyms but are pronounced as sets of letters, not as words:
  • WHO: World Health Organization, pronounced W–H–O
  • CD: compact disc, pronounced C–D

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  • We form blends when we combine parts of existing words to form a new word:
  • blog: blend of web and log
  • motel: blend of motor and hotel
  • smog: blend of smoke and fog
  • Brunch: blend of breakfast and lunch

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6. BACK-FORMATION�

  • We form words with back-formation when we remove part of a word, usually something which we think is a suffix (or occasionally a prefix). We do this commonly when we form verbs from nouns.
  • For example: to liaise (back-formed from the noun liaison); to intuit (back-formed from the noun intuition), to enthuse (back-formed from the noun enthusiasm):
  • Can you liaise with Tim and agree a time for the meeting, please?
  • She’s always enthusing about her new teacher.

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HTTPS://WWW.ETYMONLINE.COM/�

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HTTPS://WWW.ETYMONLINE.COM/WORD/DETOXIFICATION#ETYMONLINE_V_30209

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IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS

  • Immediate Constituent Analysis (IC) Analysis is typically “analytic” and was developed with a view to working out a scientific ‘discovery procedure’ to find out the basic units of linguistics (constituents). The principle underlying (yang mendasari) the theory is to cut a word into smaller parts till the smallest unit (ultimate constituent), the morpheme, is reached.

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THE WORD “CARELESSNESS”

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THE WORD “CARELESSNESS”

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THE WORD “DISAPPEARANCE”

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THE WORD “DISAPPEARANCE”

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THE WORD “DISAPPEARANCE”

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THE WORD “DISAPPEARANCE”

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TWO ANALYSIS FOR “UNLOCKABLE”

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TWO ANALYSIS FOR “UNLOCKABLE”

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THE WORD “INDEPENDENTLY”

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THE WORD “NATIONALIZATION”

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HOW’S THE MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESS?

  • 1. Unbreakable
  • 2. Malnutrition
  • 3. Dehumanization
  • 4. Enslavement
  • 5. Cranberry

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THANK FOR YOUR ATTENTION